valency patterns
- 2. Definition: The main verb in a clause determines the other elements that are required in that clause. The pattern of the clause elements is called the valency pattern and they are differentiated by the required clause elements that follow the verb within the clause e.g. direct object, indirect object, subject predicative. All valency patterns include a subject, and optional adverbials can be added.
- 3. Types • INTRANSITIVE • MONOTRANSITIVE • DITRANSITIVE • COMPLEX TRANSITIVE • COPULAR OR LINKING VERB
- 4. INTRANSITIVE • PATTERN: Subject + Verb • INTRANSITIVE verbs occur with no obligatory element following the verb Ej: More people came The train arrived.
- 5. MONOTRANSITIVE • PATTERN: Subject + Verb + Direct Object • MONOTRANSITIVE verbs occur with a single direct object • Ej: Mark cooked a delicious meal Alice bought a book.
- 6. DITRANSITIVE • PATTERN: Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object • DITRANSITIVE verbs occur with two object phrases: an indirect object and a direct object. • Ej: The man gave the kid a red balloon. My mother took me to the dentist.
- 7. COMPLEX TRANSITIVE • PATTERN: There are two posible patterns for this type: • Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Object Predicative With verbs of perception: declare, choose, make, call, name, elect, appoint, imagine Ej: The children named the dog Robert They elected me Class President. • Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Obligatory Adverbial Ej: He put his hand on her shoulder She laid the baby on the blanket.
- 8. COPULAR OR LINKING VERB COPPULAR VERBS: Appear, feel, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, become, get, go, grow, turn, change. There are two posible patterns: • Subject + Verb + Subject Predicative (noun, adjective, adverb or prepositional phrase) Ej: James seemed a Little frustrated. • Subject + Verb + Obligatory Adverbial. (usually place or direction) Ej: Mark lives in Spain