This document discusses Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) and healthcare reform. It notes that healthcare reform puts 6% of hospital revenue at risk and includes penalties for hospitals based on various quality measures. It defines ACOs as groups of doctors, hospitals, and other healthcare providers that come together voluntarily to give coordinated high quality care to their patients. ACOs can earn shared savings through the Medicare Shared Savings Program if they meet quality performance standards and spend less than their estimated costs. The document argues that ACOs will need new patient engagement strategies to be successful and control costs. It provides an example where an ACO model for nephrology could generate $90 million in new revenues through reduced costs and capitated payments