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Variability Management in Domain-Specific Languages
David Méndez-Acuña
Doctoral Symposium
ACM/IEEE 17th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
Benoît Combemale (Co-Advisor)
Benoît Baudry (Co-Advisor)
Research Context

Domain-Specific Languages and Multi-Companies
DSLs
2
DSLs
“From aerospace, space and defense to security and transportation, Thales helps its customers
to create a safer world by giving them the tools they need to perform critical tasks.”
http://www.thalesgroup.com
Research Context

Domain-Specific Languages and Multi-Companies
3
Domain Experts
Final Syste
Code generation
DSL
Domain Experts
Code generation
DSL
Domain Experts
Code generation
DSL
Research Context

Observations [1]
1
2
3
… n
4
Research Context

Observations [2]
Domain Experts
Final Syste
Code generation
DSL
Domain Experts
Code generation
DSL
Domain Experts
Code generation
DSL
Similar DSLs
[Commonalities + particularities]
= Families of Languages
5
UML state machines
diagrams
Rhapsody
Classical
statecharts
States and simple transitions (triggers,
conditions, etc.)
Example: A family of languages for Finite
State Machines
A B
event[condition]
Academic example:
Crane, M., Dingel, J., UML vs. classical vs. Rhapsody
statecharts: not all models are created equal.
Software & Systems Modeling. Vol. 6 No. 4. Springer-
Verlag 2007.
Semantic and syntactic variation
points in languages for FSM
Research Context

Family of Languages for Finite State Machines
6
UML state machines
diagrams
Rhapsody
Classical
statecharts
Timed Transitions
Example: A family of languages for Finite
State Machines
A B
event[condition] : time(ms)
Academic example:
Crane, M., Dingel, J., UML vs. classical vs. Rhapsody
statecharts: not all models are created equal.
Software & Systems Modeling. Vol. 6 No. 4. Springer-
Verlag 2007.
Semantic and syntactic variation
points in languages for FSM
Research Context

Family of Languages for Finite State Machines
7
UML state machines
diagrams Rhapsody
Classical
statecharts
Problem Statement

Isolated Software Development Processes
10
Example: A family of languages for Finite State Machines
Proposed Approach

From Families of Languages to Language Product Lines
Family of Languages
Feature A
Feature B Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Language Product Line
Software Languages are Software too!
Software Engineering Techniques … Software Product Lines Engineering
Méndez-Acuña’s
PhD
Jean-Marie Favre, Dragan Gasevic, Ralf Lmmel, and Ekaterina Pek. Empirical Language Analysis in Software
Linguistics. In Software Language Engineering. Springer. 2011
Steffen Zschaler, Pablo Sánchez, Joo Santos, Mauricio Alférez, Awais Rashid, Lidia Fuentes, Ana Moreira,
Joo Arajo, and Uir Kulesza. VML* A Family of Languages for Variability Management in Software
Product Lines. In Software Language Engineering. Springer. 2010.
11
Research Challenges

From Families of Languages to Language Product Lines
Family of DSLs
Objective: REUSE
12
Language Units
Family of DSLs
Modular Languages
Design
(1)
Research Challenges

From Families of Languages to Language Product Lines
13
Language Units
Family of DSLs
Variability Models &
Configuration
Feature A
Feature B Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Modular Languages
Design
(1)
Multi-dimensional & staged
variability modeling
(2)
Research Challenges

From Families of Languages to Language Product Lines
14
Language Units
Family of DSLs
Variability Models &
Configuration
Feature A
Feature B Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Multi-dimensional & staged
variability modeling
(2)
Configured
DSL
Language Units
Composition
(3)
Modular Languages
Design
(1)
Research Challenges

From Families of Languages to Language Product Lines
15
Semantics
MontiCore,
LISA, Neverlang
Grump,
Modularized Xtext
Attribute Grammars
Abstract
Syntax
Concrete
Syntax
Related Work

(1) Modular Languages Design & (2) Composition
16
Feature A
Feature B Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Languages-specific variability modeling
General variability modeling
Related Work
(3) Multi-dimensional & staged variability modeling
Marko Rosenmüller, Norbert Siegmund, Thomas Thüm, and Gunter Saake. 2011.
Multi-dimensional variability modeling. In Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on
Variability Modeling of Software-Intensive Systems (VaMoS '11)
María Victoria Cengarle, Hans Grönniger, Bernhard
Rumpe. 2009. Variability within Modeling Language
Definitions. In Proc of International Conference in
Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems.
Models.
17
MontiCore + Variability Modeling. Cengarle, et al.
Related Work
Identified Coopetitors
NeverLang + Variability Modeling: Vaccchi et. Al.
Families of Domain-Specific Languages: Liebig et. al.
Families of Domain-Specific Languages + Roles: Wende et. al.
María Victoria Cengarle, Hans Grönniger, Bernhard Rumpe. 2009. Variability within Modeling
Language Definitions. In Proc of International Conference in Model Driven Engineering Languages
and Systems. Models.
Edoardo Vacchi, Walter Cazzola, Suresh Pillay, Benoît Combemale. 2013. Variability Support in
Domain-Specific Language Development. In Proc of Software Language Engineering. Springer.
Jörg Liebig, Rolf Daniel, and Sven Apel. 2013. Feature-oriented language families: a case study. In
Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-intensive
Systems (VaMoS '13)
Christian Wende, Nils Thieme, Steffen Zschaler. A Role-Based Approach towards Modular
Language Engineering. In Proc. Of Software Language Engineering. 2010
18
Limitations & Contributions

From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines
Language Units
Family of DSLs
Configured
DSL
Direct dependencies between artifacts
Modular Languages
Design
(1)
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit B
19
Limitations & Contributions

From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines
Language Units
Family of DSLs
Configured
DSL
Direct dependencies between artifacts
Modular Languages
Design
(1)
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit B’
Language
Unit A
?
20
Limitations & Contributions

From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines
Language Units
Family of DSLs
Configured
DSL
Direct dependencies between artifacts
Modular Languages
Design
(1)
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit B
?
21
Limitations & Contributions

From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines
Language Units
Family of DSLs
Configured
DSL
Direct dependencies between artifacts
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit B
Modular Languages
Design
(1)
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit B
Christian Wende, Nils Thieme,
Steffen Zschaler. A Role-Based
Approach towards Modular
Language Engineering. In
Proc. Of Software Language
Engineering. 2010
22
Limitations & Contributions

From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines
Language Units
Family of DSLs
Configured
DSL
Language Interfaces
Required vs.
Provided interfaces
Modular Languages
Design
(1)
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit A
Language
Unit B
Language
Unit B
23
Limitations & Contributions

From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines
Language Units
Variability Models &
Configuration
Feature A
Feature B Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Multi-dimensional & staged
variability modeling
(2)
Concrete S.
Feature A Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Abstract S.
Feature A Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Semantics
Feature A Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Family
Dependences? Dependences?
24
Limitations & Contributions

From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines
Language Units
Variability Models &
Configuration
Feature A
Feature B Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Multi-dimensional & staged
variability modeling
(2)
Concrete S.
Feature A Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Abstract S.
Feature A Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Semantics
Feature A Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Family
Implies Implies
Formalization!
25
Limitations & Contributions

From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines
Family of DSLs
Variability Models &
Configuration
Feature A
Feature B Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Configured
DSL
Language Composition Strategies &
Operators
Language Units
Composition
(3)
26
Current status and planned time-line
27
Open Questions
Formal definition of the concept of “FAMILY OF LANGUAGES”
Family of DSLs Family of DSLs?
28
Open Questions
How to achieve interoperability between language units?
29

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Variability Management in Domain Specific Languages

  • 1. Variability Management in Domain-Specific Languages David Méndez-Acuña Doctoral Symposium ACM/IEEE 17th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Benoît Combemale (Co-Advisor) Benoît Baudry (Co-Advisor)
  • 3. DSLs “From aerospace, space and defense to security and transportation, Thales helps its customers to create a safer world by giving them the tools they need to perform critical tasks.” http://www.thalesgroup.com Research Context
 Domain-Specific Languages and Multi-Companies 3
  • 4. Domain Experts Final Syste Code generation DSL Domain Experts Code generation DSL Domain Experts Code generation DSL Research Context
 Observations [1] 1 2 3 … n 4
  • 5. Research Context
 Observations [2] Domain Experts Final Syste Code generation DSL Domain Experts Code generation DSL Domain Experts Code generation DSL Similar DSLs [Commonalities + particularities] = Families of Languages 5
  • 6. UML state machines diagrams Rhapsody Classical statecharts States and simple transitions (triggers, conditions, etc.) Example: A family of languages for Finite State Machines A B event[condition] Academic example: Crane, M., Dingel, J., UML vs. classical vs. Rhapsody statecharts: not all models are created equal. Software & Systems Modeling. Vol. 6 No. 4. Springer- Verlag 2007. Semantic and syntactic variation points in languages for FSM Research Context
 Family of Languages for Finite State Machines 6
  • 7. UML state machines diagrams Rhapsody Classical statecharts Timed Transitions Example: A family of languages for Finite State Machines A B event[condition] : time(ms) Academic example: Crane, M., Dingel, J., UML vs. classical vs. Rhapsody statecharts: not all models are created equal. Software & Systems Modeling. Vol. 6 No. 4. Springer- Verlag 2007. Semantic and syntactic variation points in languages for FSM Research Context
 Family of Languages for Finite State Machines 7
  • 8. UML state machines diagrams Rhapsody Classical statecharts Problem Statement
 Isolated Software Development Processes 10
  • 9. Example: A family of languages for Finite State Machines Proposed Approach
 From Families of Languages to Language Product Lines Family of Languages Feature A Feature B Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Language Product Line Software Languages are Software too! Software Engineering Techniques … Software Product Lines Engineering Méndez-Acuña’s PhD Jean-Marie Favre, Dragan Gasevic, Ralf Lmmel, and Ekaterina Pek. Empirical Language Analysis in Software Linguistics. In Software Language Engineering. Springer. 2011 Steffen Zschaler, Pablo Sánchez, Joo Santos, Mauricio Alférez, Awais Rashid, Lidia Fuentes, Ana Moreira, Joo Arajo, and Uir Kulesza. VML* A Family of Languages for Variability Management in Software Product Lines. In Software Language Engineering. Springer. 2010. 11
  • 10. Research Challenges
 From Families of Languages to Language Product Lines Family of DSLs Objective: REUSE 12
  • 11. Language Units Family of DSLs Modular Languages Design (1) Research Challenges
 From Families of Languages to Language Product Lines 13
  • 12. Language Units Family of DSLs Variability Models & Configuration Feature A Feature B Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Modular Languages Design (1) Multi-dimensional & staged variability modeling (2) Research Challenges
 From Families of Languages to Language Product Lines 14
  • 13. Language Units Family of DSLs Variability Models & Configuration Feature A Feature B Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Multi-dimensional & staged variability modeling (2) Configured DSL Language Units Composition (3) Modular Languages Design (1) Research Challenges
 From Families of Languages to Language Product Lines 15
  • 14. Semantics MontiCore, LISA, Neverlang Grump, Modularized Xtext Attribute Grammars Abstract Syntax Concrete Syntax Related Work
 (1) Modular Languages Design & (2) Composition 16
  • 15. Feature A Feature B Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Languages-specific variability modeling General variability modeling Related Work (3) Multi-dimensional & staged variability modeling Marko Rosenmüller, Norbert Siegmund, Thomas Thüm, and Gunter Saake. 2011. Multi-dimensional variability modeling. In Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Variability Modeling of Software-Intensive Systems (VaMoS '11) María Victoria Cengarle, Hans Grönniger, Bernhard Rumpe. 2009. Variability within Modeling Language Definitions. In Proc of International Conference in Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. Models. 17
  • 16. MontiCore + Variability Modeling. Cengarle, et al. Related Work Identified Coopetitors NeverLang + Variability Modeling: Vaccchi et. Al. Families of Domain-Specific Languages: Liebig et. al. Families of Domain-Specific Languages + Roles: Wende et. al. María Victoria Cengarle, Hans Grönniger, Bernhard Rumpe. 2009. Variability within Modeling Language Definitions. In Proc of International Conference in Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. Models. Edoardo Vacchi, Walter Cazzola, Suresh Pillay, Benoît Combemale. 2013. Variability Support in Domain-Specific Language Development. In Proc of Software Language Engineering. Springer. Jörg Liebig, Rolf Daniel, and Sven Apel. 2013. Feature-oriented language families: a case study. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-intensive Systems (VaMoS '13) Christian Wende, Nils Thieme, Steffen Zschaler. A Role-Based Approach towards Modular Language Engineering. In Proc. Of Software Language Engineering. 2010 18
  • 17. Limitations & Contributions
 From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines Language Units Family of DSLs Configured DSL Direct dependencies between artifacts Modular Languages Design (1) Language Unit A Language Unit A Language Unit A Language Unit B Language Unit B Language Unit B 19
  • 18. Limitations & Contributions
 From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines Language Units Family of DSLs Configured DSL Direct dependencies between artifacts Modular Languages Design (1) Language Unit A Language Unit A Language Unit B Language Unit B Language Unit B Language Unit B Language Unit B Language Unit B’ Language Unit A ? 20
  • 19. Limitations & Contributions
 From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines Language Units Family of DSLs Configured DSL Direct dependencies between artifacts Modular Languages Design (1) Language Unit A Language Unit A Language Unit A Language Unit B Language Unit B Language Unit B ? 21
  • 20. Limitations & Contributions
 From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines Language Units Family of DSLs Configured DSL Direct dependencies between artifacts Language Unit A Language Unit B Modular Languages Design (1) Language Unit A Language Unit A Language Unit B Language Unit B Christian Wende, Nils Thieme, Steffen Zschaler. A Role-Based Approach towards Modular Language Engineering. In Proc. Of Software Language Engineering. 2010 22
  • 21. Limitations & Contributions
 From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines Language Units Family of DSLs Configured DSL Language Interfaces Required vs. Provided interfaces Modular Languages Design (1) Language Unit A Language Unit B Language Unit A Language Unit A Language Unit B Language Unit B 23
  • 22. Limitations & Contributions
 From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines Language Units Variability Models & Configuration Feature A Feature B Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Multi-dimensional & staged variability modeling (2) Concrete S. Feature A Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Abstract S. Feature A Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Semantics Feature A Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Family Dependences? Dependences? 24
  • 23. Limitations & Contributions
 From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines Language Units Variability Models & Configuration Feature A Feature B Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Multi-dimensional & staged variability modeling (2) Concrete S. Feature A Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Abstract S. Feature A Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Semantics Feature A Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Family Implies Implies Formalization! 25
  • 24. Limitations & Contributions
 From Families of DSLs to Language Product Lines Family of DSLs Variability Models & Configuration Feature A Feature B Feature B F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D Configured DSL Language Composition Strategies & Operators Language Units Composition (3) 26
  • 25. Current status and planned time-line 27
  • 26. Open Questions Formal definition of the concept of “FAMILY OF LANGUAGES” Family of DSLs Family of DSLs? 28
  • 27. Open Questions How to achieve interoperability between language units? 29