vdocuments.mx_ch-9-ccommunication-and-consumer-behavior.ppt
- 1. 9-1 Chapter 9 Consumer Behavior, Eighth Edition SCHIFFMAN & KANUK Communication and Consumer Behavior
- 2. 9-2 Figure 9.1 Basic Communication Model Sender (Source) Receiver (Consumer) Message Channel (Medium ) Feedback
- 3. 9-3 Elements of the Communications Process • The Message Initiator (the Source) • The Sender • The Receiver • The Medium • The Message • The Target Audience (the Receivers) • Feedback - the Receiver’s Response
- 4. 9-4 Figure 9.2 Ad Depicting Non- Verbal Communication
- 5. 9-5 Issues in Credibility • Credibility of Informal Sources • Credibility of Formal Sources • Credibility of Spokespersons and Endorsers ( supporters ) • Message Credibility
- 6. 9-6 Endorser Credibility • Endorser credibility is important when message comprehension is low • Match must exist between product attributes and endorser attributes • Credibility is higher when endorser’s demographic characteristics are similar to those of target audience • Endorser credibility is not a substitute for corporate credibility
- 7. 9-7 Sleeper Effect The idea that both positive and negative credibility effects tend to disappear after a period of time.
- 8. 9-8 Barriers to Communication • Selective Perception – Wandering, Zipping, and Channel Surfing – Combat with Road blocking (overcrowding) • Psychological Noise – Combat with repeated exposures, contrast in the copy, and teasers
- 9. 9-9 Figure 9.3 Comprehensive Communication Model Sender (Source) Receiver (Consumer) Messag e Channel (Medium ) Decodes Feedback Responds Appropriately ? Miscomprehends ? Yes Yes No No Commercial Non-Profit Individual Formal vs. Informal Symbols Pictures Words Images Verbal vs. Nonverbal 1-sided vs. 2-sided Factual vs. Emotional Paid vs. Unpaid Print, Broadcast, Electronic Personal vs. Impersonal Pretests to Ensure Message Will be Received Posttests to Ensure Message Was Received Selective Exposure Individuals Target Audience Intermediary Audience Unintended Audiences Mediated by: Involvement Mood Experience Personal Charac.
- 10. 9-10 Issues in Designing Persuasive Communications • Communications strategy • Media strategy • Message strategy
- 12. 9-12 Figure 9.4 Perception/ Experience/ Memory Model of Advertising Pre-experience Exposure (phase) Post-experience Exposure (phase) Framing (ftn) Perception Enhancing Experience Organizing Memory Expectation (effect) Anticipation Interpretation Cueing Branding Interpretation Sensory Enhancement Social Enhancement
- 13. 9-13 Media Strategy • Consumer profiles • Audience profiles A cost-effective media choice is one that closely matches the advertiser’s consumer profile with the medium’s audience profile. (tailoring your message to audience needs)
- 14. 9-14 Excerpts from Table 9.2 Persuasive Capabilities and Limitations of Major Media (Newspaper) • Access to large audiences • Effective for local reach • Flexible • Fast • Feedback possible through coupon redemption (release), etc. • Not selective • Short message life • Clutter (confusion/disorder) • Cost varies based on ad size and circulation
- 15. 9-15 Excerpts from Table 9.2 Persuasive Capabilities and Limitations of Major Media (Magazines) • Highly selective • Selective binding possible • High quality production • High credibility • Long message life • High pass along rate • Long lead time • High clutter • Delayed and indirect feedback • Rates vary based on circulation and selectivity
- 16. 9-16 Excerpts from Table 9.2 Persuasive Capabilities and Limitations of Major Media (Television) • Large audiences possible • Appeals to many senses • Emotion and attention possible • Demonstration possible • Very high costs overall • Long lead time • High clutter • Short message life • Viewers can avoid exposure with zapping, etc. • Day-after recall tests for feedback
- 17. 9-17 Excerpts from Table 9.2 Persuasive Capabilities and Limitations of Major Media (Radio) • High geographic and demographic selectivity • Short lead time • Relatively inexpensive • Good local coverage • Short exposure time • Audio only • High clutter • Zapping possible • Delayed feedback through day-after recall tests
- 18. 9-18 Excerpts from Table 9.2 Persuasive Capabilities and Limitations of Major Media (Internet) • Potential for audience selectivity • Customized tracking possible and other feedback tools possible • Useful for branding and reinforcement of messages • Demographic skew to audience • Very high clutter • Zapping possible • Great variation in pricing • Privacy concerns
- 19. 9-19 Excerpts from Table 9.2 Persuasive Capabilities and Limitations of Major Media (Direct Mail) • High audience selectivity • Personalization possible • Novel, interesting stimuli possible • Low clutter • Perception of junk mail • Feedback possible through response • High cost per contact
- 20. 9-20 Excerpts from Table 9.2 Persuasive Capabilities and Limitations of Major Media (Direct Marketing) • Development of databases • High audience selectivity • Relatively free of clutter • Privacy concerns • Measurable responses • Cost per inquiry, cost per sale, revenue per ad can be calculated
- 21. 9-21 Table 9.3 Buyer Personalities and Advertising Strategies Righteous Social Pragmatic How might advertising be designed for these three distinct buyer types?
- 22. 9-22 Involvement Theory and Persuasion The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) proposes that marketers use the •central route to persuasion for high involvement products and the •peripheral route to persuasion for low involvement products
- 23. 9-23 Figure 9.5 Central Route to Persuasion
- 24. 9-24 Issues in Message Presentation • Resonance • Message Framing • One-sided Versus Two-sided Messages • Comparative Advertising • Order Effects • Repetition
- 27. 9-27 Figure 9.8 Comparative Advertising
- 29. 9-29 Emotional Advertising Appeals Fear Humor Abrasive advertising Sex in advertising Audience participation
- 30. 9-30 Figure 9.10 Humor to Baby Boomers
- 32. 9-32 Table 9.4 Impact of Humor on Advertising •Humor attracts attention. •Humor does not harm comprehension. •Humor is not more effective at increasing persuasion. •Humor does not enhance source credibility. •Humor enhances liking. •Humor that is relevant to the product is superior to humor that is unrelated to the product. •Audience demographic factors affect the response to humorous advertising appeals. •The nature of the product affects the appropriateness of a humorous treatment. •Humor is more effective with existing products than with new products. •Humor is more appropriate for low-involvement products and feeling- oriented products than for high-involvement products.