Verb and Types of Verbs( Brief Explanation with practice exercise and answers)
- 2. VERBS CONTENTS •What is verb? •Types of verb •Action verb (dynamic)and Linking verb •Transitive and Intransitive verb •Modal verbs HELPING VERBS •Auxiliary verbs •Stative verbs(non-action) • Regular and Irregular verbs(strong and weak verbs) •Types of object •Exercises
- 6. Distinguish between • Transitive and Intransitive Verb • Direct and indirect object • Subject and object complement
- 7. Verb-Action words Doing • Aleena is dancing. Happening • The ice melts itself. • The sun rises in the east.
- 8. STATE/BEING •The dog is dead. •He is a rich man.
- 9. Transitive verb • Verbs that require object. • By asking questions such as what(non-living) and whom(living), you can identify object. • Examples • I am playing football. • The man killed the snake. • Rani made a doll.
- 10. • Verbs that don’t require object. • No passive voice Examples • The moon shines. • The boy smiled. • Birds fly. • Rivers flow. • She is sleeping. Intransitive verb
- 11. Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive • Here’s a list of verbs that can be both transitive and intransitive: • Move • Run • Change • Close • Open • Stop • Start • Do
- 12. Verbs Transitive verbs Intransitive verbs Move Can you move this to your room? The car was moving fast. Run He is running this business well. He was running fast in the park. Change Let’s change the plan. He has changed. He is not the same person anymore. Close They closed the shop early. The shop closes at 9 pm. Open Don’t open your eyes. I have something for you. The shop opens at 8 am. Stop Can you stop yelling at me? When the train stopped, we went outside and got something to eat. Start Stop her going there. The movie started very late. Do We did what we could. We did well in the game.
- 13. Pick out the verbs in the following sentences and say whether they are transitive or intransitive verbs • Manish broke the pen. • She met a beautiful girl. • His wife spoke loudly. • She sings. • They ate dinner. • The flowers bloomed beautifully. • He laughed. • They read books.
- 14. Answers "Sings" is an intransitive verb because it does not require a direct object. It conveys the action of singing, but it doesn't act on anything specific. "Ate" is a transitive verb because it requires a direct object (in this case, "dinner"). The verb "ate" tells us what action was performed on the direct object "dinner." "Bloomed" is an intransitive verb because it doesn't require a direct object. It describes the action of blooming but doesn't act on anything specific. "Laughed" is an intransitive verb. It conveys the action of laughing without requiring a direct object. "Read" is a transitive verb in this sentence because it requires a direct object (in this case, "books"). The verb "read" tells us what action is performed on the direct object "books."
- 15. Object Direct object Indirect object • She gave me a apple. • He asked me its price. • What – apple, price(direct object) • Whom-me(indirect object)
- 16. Direct Object A direct object is a person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb. You could say that the direct object "receives the action of the verb”. "He broke the window.” What was affected by the action? The window was. So "the window" is the direct object. What did the ball hit? It hit her. So "her" is the direct object. "The ball hit her."
- 17. "He is making a pancake.“ What is he making? A pancake. So "a pancake" is the direct object. “We built a castle on the beach.” What did they built? A castle So “ a castle” is the direct object.
- 18. Examples (direct object is in bold) • Tim fixed the computer yesterday. • I hated that movie so much. • We built a castle on the beach. • You bought the same hat last week. • Joan is doing her homework right now.
- 19. Indirect Object An indirect object is a person or thing that the action is done to or for. The indirect object usually comes just before the direct object. You could also say that the indirect object is the receiver of the direct object. "He gave his mother flowers.“ The verb is "gave." What is directly affected by this action? The flowers. They are given! So "flowers" is the direct object. Who receives the flowers? His mother. So "his mother" is the indirect object. You can see that the indirect object ("his mother") is located just before the direct object ("flowers").
- 20. "Barney is writing Santa a letter." The verb is "is writing." What is directly affected by this action? The letter. It is being written! So "the letter" is the direct object. Who is receiving the letter? Santa is. So “Santa" is the indirect object. You can see that the indirect object (“Santa") is located just before the direct object ("the letter").
- 21. The Object of the Preposition • An object of the preposition is a noun, pronoun, or phrase that follows a preposition and completes its meaning. It answers the questions “what,” “where, or “who.” • For example, in the sentence “I looked for the book on the shelf,” the word “on” is a preposition, and “shelf” is the object of the preposition. E.g. "The cat is looking at the fish.“ “ The fish” is the object of the preposition “at”.
- 22. •In some cases, the object of the preposition can be a phrase instead of a single word. •For example, in the sentence “I looked for the book on top of the shelf,” “top of the shelf” is an object of the preposition. The phrase functions as a single unit and answers the question “where.”
- 23. Pick out the objects in the following sentences and say whether they are direct or indirect objects. • Mr. John taught them Physics. • The principal forgave him for his faults. • I gave her a necklace. • She gave him a book. • They sent us a gift. • He told Mary a secret. • I made my sister a cake. • The teacher assigned the students a project.
- 24. Answers: • Direct object: "a book" (What did she give?) Indirect object: "him" (To whom did she give it?) • Direct object: "a gift" (What did they send?) Indirect object: "us" (To whom did they send it?) • Direct object: "a secret" (What did he tell?) Indirect object: "Mary" (To whom did he tell it?) • Direct object: "a cake" (What did I make?) Indirect object: "my sister" (For whom did I make it?) • Direct object: "a project" (What did the teacher assign?) Indirect object: "the students" (To whom did the teacher assign it?)
- 25. Structure subject verb object subject Linking verb Subject complement
- 26. Subject complement • A subject complement is a word or a phrase that describes the subject. The subject complement can either be a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective. It is usually placed right after the linking verb. • It renames or identifies the subject
- 27. Which parts of speech would be subject complement? •He is a doctor. (noun) •She is intelligent. (adjective) •He is the one.(pronoun) • Rachel is a very good girl. (noun family) •She is an intelligent girl.
- 28. Object vs. Subject complement • I am a teacher. – subject complement • I= teacher • I met a teacher. – object • I = teacher.( not equal) • I have been an accountant for many years. • Seattle seems exciting when you consider its coffee shop culture. • He tasted the food. • The food tasted delicious. • You are a student. • A cow is a domestic animal. • She became a writer.
- 29. Object complement • An object complement is a word or a phrase that describes/ modifies the direct object. It is usually placed right after the direct object. • Additional information about the object. • It can be noun, adjective and adverb. • Examples: • I elected him the captain of the team. • He made his parents angry. • They named their dog Pluto. • I couldn’t find him anywhere.
- 30. Exercise • She is a talented musician. • They elected him class president. • The food tasted delicious. • I consider him my best friend. • The team named her captain. • The movie seemed interesting. • She considered the idea a great opportunity. • The house smelled of freshly baked bread. • He painted the room a bright shade of blue.
- 31. Answers: Subject complement: "a talented musician" (Describes the subject "She.") Object complement: "class president" (Describes the direct object "him.") Subject complement: "delicious" (Describes the subject "The food.") Object complement: "my best friend" (Describes the direct object "him.") Object complement: "captain" (Describes the direct object "her.") Subject complement: "interesting" (Describes the subject "The movie.") Object complement: "a great opportunity" (Describes the direct object "the idea.") Subject complement: "of freshly baked bread" (Describes the subject "The house.") Object complement: "a bright shade of blue" (Describes the direct object "the room.")
- 32. A stative verb in English, also known as a state verb, is a type of the main verb that shows the state of the subject. It doesn’t indicate any physical (dynamic) action; it simply indicates in what state the subject is. Examples: •My History teacher hates me. He doesn’t like my approach to the subject. (Hates is the stative verb here that’s showing the emotional state of the subject ‘my History teacher’. The verb hate does not indicate any physical action.) •Jon did not understand my situation. (Here, understand is the stative verb that’s showing the cognitive/mental state of the subject Jon in the past. He didn’t do any dynamic action. Actually, he did not do anything at all. The stative verb understand indicates the mental state of the subject.) Stative Verb
- 33. Types of stative verbs Stative verbs indicate the following state of a subject: 1. Mental or Cognitive state: think, believe, doubt, guess, remember, pretend, recognize, recall, guess, forget, agree, disagree, need, prefer, satisfy 2. Emotional state: love, hate, adore, abhor, like, dislike, appreciate, envy, detest, loathe 3. Senses: see, hear, feel, seem, taste, smell, sense, sound 4. Possessional state: have, belong, possess, own, belong, want 5. Others (condition): weigh, contain, involve, concern, lack, deserve, matter, resemble 6. Examples: •We appreciate what Max has done for our family. •He needed food very badly. •You seem upset about something.
- 34. Stative verbs are not used in continuous forms. • Stative verbs are not used in continuous forms as they show the state of the subject. So, don’t make the mistake of using stative verbs in continuous tenses.
- 35. Some verbs can be both stative and dynamic (action) Here are the verbs that can be both stative verbs and action verbs: 1. Smell 2. Taste 3. See 4. Have 5. Think 6. Look 7. Weigh 8. Measure 9. Be 10. Feel 11. Appear
- 36. Verbs Stative Action Smell Meaning = the condition of something in terms of its smell • The fish smells awful. (In other words, the fish is awful in terms of its smell.) Meaning = the action of using your nose • He smells the fish before packing them. Taste Meaning = the quality of taste of something • The food tastes delicious. (In other words, the food is delicious.) Meaning = to eat something to find out its taste • Let him taste the food. • The chef is tasting the food. See Meaning = To perceive through your eyes • Can you see me? (You see objects without trying to look at them. So, there is no dynamic action here.) Meaning = to check or date a person • The doctor is seeing someone right now. (checking) • She is seeing someone these days. (dating)
- 37. Have Meaning = to possess or own • Jon has a ship. • I don’t have much time. Meaning = to eat, take, or taste • You can have (eat) my lunch. • What are you having (drinking)? Think Meaning = to talk about your opinion • I think he should try teaching. Meaning = to have/process something in your mind • I was thinking about our conversation. Look Meaning = to appear • You look dapper in the suit. • She looked tired in the class. Meaning = to direct eyes in a direction deliberately • They are looking at you. • Why did you look at my sister angrily? Weigh Meaning = the weight possessed by something • My phone weighs 200 gms. Meaning = to measure the weight • The conductor is weighing the goods.
- 38. Measure Meaning = the measurement of an object • The TV screen measures 42 inches. Meaning = to measure something • We can’t measure the statue without permission. • They are measuring the length of the house. Be Meaning = a state of being • My friends are supportive. Meaning = a deliberate action to be in a state/behave • He is being sarcastic. Feel Meaning = to have an opinion • I feel we are smart enough to pass the test. Meaning = to experience a feeling or emotion (through touching generally) • I am feeling something hot in my pocket. • Feel the quality of the glass before buying it. Appear Meaning = to make people believe something to be true • He appears to be a talented teacher. • It appears that didn’t enjoy the match. Meaning = to show up • Conor is appearing in the next show. • Did Dhoni’s wife appear at the match?
- 39. Linking verbs • A linking verb is a type of a main verb that links the subject of a sentence to its complement (a word or a group of words that identifies the subject and either renames it or modifies it).
- 40. • You look funny in shorts. (The verb ‘look’ links the subject (you) to its complement (funny) and also indicates the physical state of the subject.) • The food smells tasty. (The verb ‘smells’ links the subject (the food) to its complement (tasty) and also indicates the state of the food.) • The fish tasted awful. (The state (condition) of the food is awful, and the verb ‘taste’ is linking the subject ‘the food’ to its complement ‘awful’.) • He sounds arrogant. (The verb ‘sounds’ is showing the state in which the subject (he) seems to others (arrogant), and it is also connecting the subject with its complement.) • Be • Look • Smell • Taste • Sound • Examples: • Jennifer is crazy about video games. • You are being funny mean to me. • He was my best friend. • The job may be good. • In a nutshell, both linking verbs and stative verbs are different in function. But it’d not be wrong to say that most linking verbs are stative verbs too. Verbs that are both linking verbs and stative verbs
- 41. Don’t use an adverb after a linking verb! It tasted strongly. ❌ • Note: Linking verbs are not the same as stative verbs. Some linking verbs are stative, but some are not. • Examples • I'm getting old (a linking verb but not a stative verb). • The soup tastes good (a linking verb and a stative verb). • I know Julie (stative verb but not a linking verb). It tasted strong. ✅ You smell nicely. ❌ You smell nice. ✅
- 42. Regular Verbs (Weak verbs) • Verbs that end with a certain pattern (ed, d, ied) when changed into past and past participle forms are called regular verbs. • Verbs ending with ‘ed’ Base form Past tense Past participle Arrive Arrived Arrived Arrange Arranged Arranged Plan Planned Planned • Verbs ending with ‘ied’ Base form Past tense Past participle Cry Cried Cried Fry Fried Fried Dry Dried Dried
- 43. Irregular Verbs (Strong verbs) • Action verbs that don’t end in a certain pattern in the past form and past participle form are called irregular verbs. Base form Past tense Past participle Go Went Gone Eat Ate Eaten Take Tried Taken Drink Drank Drunk Run Ran Run
- 44. • 1. One kind of irregular verb changes in the past tense and then keeps that same form in the past participle. Examples include feed, fed, fed; and win, won, won. • 2. Another kind adds an -n or -en to the base form or to the past tense form to make the past participle. Examples include know, knew, known; and speak, spoke, spoken. • 3. Other verbs have irregular changes in spelling for each principal part, as in slay, slew, slain. • 4.Some irregular verbs are cut,shut,hit etc.