Vertebrate Classes
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This document provides an overview of vertebrate classification and characteristics. It begins with the taxonomic classification of the Virginia opossum from the broadest (Animalia) to most specific (Didelphis virginiana) categories. The rest of the document outlines the key characteristics of different vertebrate classes including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and bony and jawless fish as well as their evolutionary relationships and examples.
Vertebrate Classes
- 1. Vertebrate classification (with example) Kingdom = Animalia Phylum = Chordata Subphylum = Vertebrata Class = Mammalia Order = Marsupialia Family = Didelphidae Genus = Didelphis Species = Didelphis virginiana (Virginia opossum) http://www.animals-online
- 2. Kingdom Animalia http://www-class.unl.edu/bios201a/ Animal cell
- 3. Phylum Chordata http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbios/34-02-ChordateCharacters-L.gif Amphioxus : a non-vertebrate chordate
- 4. Subphylum Vertebrata http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/Lecture/labeled/bs106001.gif http://face-and-emotion.com/dataface/physiognomy/media/cranium_side.jpg
- 5. Iowa vertebrate classes http://www.cortland.edu/herp/keys/images/frogs/ http://static.flickr.com/ http://www.fnal.gov/ecology/wildlife/pics/ http://ndis.nrel.colostate.edu/herpatlas/ http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/ http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/abl-card.html
- 6. Mammals (Mammalia) Birds (Aves) Reptiles (Reptilia) Amphibians (Amphibia) Jawed fishes (Osteichthyes) Jawless fishes (Cephalaspido-morphi) Mammary glands Uniform Internal temperature Amniote egg Tetrapod Jaws Class
- 7. Jawless fishes (Cephalaspidomorphi) http://www.zoo.ufl.edu/courses/vertzoo/Images/ http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/world/images/lamprey.jpg http://www.rsc.org/images/lamprey-300_tcm18-39592.jpg Sea lamprey (not an Iowa species)
- 8. Jawed fishes (Osteichthyes) Iowa DNR
- 9. Yes Mammals (Mammalia) Yes Birds (Aves) Yes Reptiles (Reptilia) Yes Amphibians (Amphibia) Yes Jawed fishes (Osteichthyes) No Jawless fishes (Cephalaspido-morphi) Mammary glands Uniform Internal temperature Amniote egg Tetrapod Jaws Class
- 10. Amphibians (Amphibia) Eusthenopteron (a jawed fish) could be the ancestor of amphibians http://www.lautringer.de/Alle_Dinosaurier_in_Kaiserslau/Dinosaurier_Album_1/ Krohne (2000)
- 11. http://www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology / http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/VHS/
- 12. Yes Yes Mammals (Mammalia) Yes Yes Birds (Aves) Yes Yes Reptiles (Reptilia) Yes Yes Amphibians (Amphibia) No Yes Jawed fishes (Osteichthyes) No No Jawless fishes (Cephalaspido-morphi) Mammary glands Uniform Internal temperature Amniote egg Tetrapod Jaws Class
- 14. http://epod.usra.edu/archive/images/egg_mass.jpg Fish, amphibian eggs are unshelled Amniote Egg http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/Amniote_egg.gif http://www.wvup.edu/ecrisp/imageJB7.JPG
- 15. Yes Yes Yes Mammals (Mammalia) Yes Yes Yes Birds (Aves) Yes Yes Yes Reptiles (Reptilia) No Yes Yes Amphibians (Amphibia) No No Yes Jawed fishes (Osteichthyes) No No No Jawless fishes (Cephalaspido-morphi) Mammary glands Uniform internal temperature Amniote egg Tetrapod Jaws Class
- 16. Birds (Aves) Archaeopteryx (oldest known bird?) Saurischian dinosaur http://members.at.infoseek.co.jp/komiyagi/archaeopteryx.jpg http://www.dinosaur-museum.org/featheredinosaurs/deino-lg.jpg
- 17. Yes Yes Yes Yes Mammals (Mammalia) Yes Yes Yes Yes Birds (Aves) No Yes Yes Yes Reptiles (Reptilia) No No Yes Yes Amphibians (Amphibia) No No No Yes Jawed fishes (Osteichthyes) No No No No Jawless fishes (Cephalaspido-morphi) Mammary glands Uniform internal temperature Amniote egg Tetrapod Jaws Class
- 18. Source unknown http://www.dinooption.com/img04/cynognathus01.jpg http://www.simnet.is/xpert/cynognathus.jpg Mammal (Mammalia) ancestors? Therapsida (e.g., Cynognathus )
- 19. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Mammals (Mammalia) No Yes Yes Yes Yes Birds (Aves) No No Yes Yes Yes Reptiles (Reptilia) No No No Yes Yes Amphibians (Amphibia) No No No No Yes Jawed fishes (Osteichthyes) No No No No No Jawless fishes (Cephalaspido-morphi) Mammary glands Uniform internal temperature Amniote egg Tetrapod Jaws Class
- 20. Vertebrate characteristics and evolution references (available in lab) Colbert, E.H. 2001. Colbert’s evolution of the vertebrates.Wiley-Liss. Feldhamer, G.A., L.C. Drickamer, S.H. Vessey, and J.F. Merritt. 2004. Chapter 4: evolution and dental characteristics, in Mammalogy. McGraw-Hill.