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Oakland, California
Vietnam Rising
Culture and Change in Asia’s Tiger Cub
William Ratliff

Copyright © 2008 The Independent Institute
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmit-
ted in any form by electronic or mechanical means now known or to be
invented, including photocopying, recording, or information storage and
retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except
by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. Nothing herein
should be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of the Institute or
as an attempt to aid or hinder the passage of any bill before Congress.
The Independent Institute
100 Swan Way, Oakland, CA 94621-1428
Telephone: 510-632-1366 · Fax: 510-568-6040
Email: info@independent.org
Website: www.independent.org
Cover Design: Christopher Chambers
Text Design and Composition by Leigh McLellan Design
Cover Photographs: ©iStockphoto.com/Pham Thi Lan Anh; ©iStockpho-
to.com/Serdar Yagci; ©iStockphoto.com/oneclearvision; ©iStockphoto.
com/Keith Molloy
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available
ISBN-13: 978-1-59813-026-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-59813-026-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 08 09 10 11 12

Contents
Preface vii
Introduction xi
Survey of Conditions in Vietnam to Mid-2008 xv
part i Background 1
1 The Confucian Soul of Vietnam 3
2 Modern History: France, War, and Communism 9
3 Doi Moi Renovation and Reform 13
4 Socialism: Nirvana or Not? 17
part ii Overview of Reforms Today 21
5 The Legal Jungle 23
6 The Educational Tangle 29
7 Monetary Policy and Banking Reform 35
8 Resurrecting the SOE Dinosaurs 39
part iii Entrepreneurship in Its Several Forms 45
9 Introducing Entrepreneurship 47
10 Enterprises in Vietnam: Legislation and Statistics 49
Household Businesses 50

11 Private Enterprise in the Broader Business Picture 53
The Progression of Legislation 53
The Challenge of Statistics, Again 54
12 Businesses in Vietnam 57
Foreign Invested Enterprises 58
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises 59
Women Entrepreneurs 62
Overseas Vietnamese Involvement 64
part iv
Special Challenges for Small and
Medium-Sized Enterprises 67
13 Access to the “People’s Land” 69
14 Funding and Credit, If You Can Get It 75
15 Walking Through a Business Registration 79
16 Vietnamese Surprises 83
part v Confronting the World 85
17 Vietnam–U.S. Relations 87
18 Joining the World Trade Organization 89
part vi Conclusions and Observations 91

Appendix: A Note on International
Involvement in Vietnam’s Reforms 99
Notes 103
References 111
Index 119
About the Author 125
About The Independent Institute 126
Independent Studies in Political Economy 127
iv | Contents

v
Preface
a mer ica ns of middle age or older have “known”
Vietnam for most of their lives, but until recently only as a Conradian
“heart of darkness.” And no wonder. From the rout of the French in 1954
to the ignominious flight of the last Americans from Saigon twenty-one
years later, Vietnam increasingly consumed our lives in every way, as of
course it did even more so the lives of the Vietnamese people. Critically
important, on the American side, the Vietnam War was not fought by a
volunteer, professional military force supplemented by private contrac-
tors, as in Iraq, but by draftees from across the nation. Almost three
million Americans were sent to Vietnam during a fifteen-year period
and fifteen times more Americans died there than have been killed so
far in Iraq. ManyAmericanssometimesstillthinkofVietnamas a“code
word” commentary on war and foreign policy, but with increasing fre-
quency it is now thought of as what it is today, Asia’s most recent eco-
nomic semi-miracle or “tiger cub.”
During much of the Vietnam War, I was teaching at Tunghai Uni-
versity in Taiwan and working on my doctorate in Chinese history. But
the war and my studies of China very often turned my attention to
Vietnam with its more than two millennia of Chinese influence. I didn’t
actually visit the country until early 1994, however, when I was lectur-
ing on the first small cruise ship to visit Vietnam after President Bill
Clinton lifted the 30-year trade embargo. We arrived at Da Nang early
on a clear morning to a sight I will always remember: small, bobbing

vi | Vietnam Rising
fishing boats a mile out at sea, on all sides of our ship, with one to several
people aboard each of them waving flags and shouting “OK” or any
other English expression they knew. Cynics would say they just wanted
to sell us something, and no doubt some had families on shore that
hoped to do so. But no one in the little boats had anything to sell, that I
saw, and I received the greetings at sea and the welcomes by many others
later on land as very genuine expressions of goodwill. In Da Nang, a few
people, who had obviously worked for the Americans when we had a
large base there, sidled up to me and asked, “Do you know So-and-so?
I worked for him.” Our guide to Hui spouted the official line about the
alleged communist triumph in the 1968 Tet Offensive, until politely
reminded in private of some facts. Then he said, “Ah, you know. Of
course, you are right, the communists got clobbered,” which was not
just polite, but true. Already the Chu Chi tunnels outside of Saigon
(which by then had already been renamed Ho Chi Minh City) were
being turned into tourist attractions, though they have been spiffed up a
lot since then. As the years have passed, I think almost all foreign visitors
have found the Vietnamese similarly hospitable—whether they came
as tourists, and of course bought some handicrafts from budding and
industrious merchants or as investors, from Bill Gates on down. Some
Vietnamese government officials and others probably think that U.S.
and other foreign advisors are, in Gilbert’s lines from The Gondoliers, “as
plentiful as tabby cats, in point of fact too many,” but the Vietnamese
have often learned from (and sometimes rejected) much of what the
visitors have to say.
While for many years I have averaged about two months annu-
ally in China, I have also continued periodic trips to Vietnam, as an
academic, journalist, and tourist. I went to Vietnam, Laos, and Cam-
bodia in 2006 as faculty lecturer on a Stanford University tour, and
returned this year. Each time I visit the country I am more impressed
by the spirit and dynamism of the people and by their determination
to transform their lives and thus bring the long-embattled, stagnant,
and repressed land into the modern world.

I am particularly struck by the influence of residual Chinese tradi-
tion in contemporary Vietnam, though it is largely unconscious and
long-since adapted to Vietnam’s history, conditions, and people. I call
this influence “people’s Confucianism,” found throughout reforming
East and Southeast Asia. It is the deeply ingrained Confucian, Bud-
dhist, and Daoist traditions imported directly and indirectly over the
millennia from China which continue to guide the thinking and ac-
tions in varying degrees of hundreds of millions of Asians in their daily
lives. These qualities can be what Argentine Mariano Grondona calls
“progress-prone” or “progress resistant,” if progress means economic
development and the wide-ranging benefits that follow. But Vietnam-
ese life is also structured in part by the Imperial Confucianism that
provided the code and tools of governance for both China and Viet-
nam for many centuries and that has its own “prone” and “resistant”
qualities still seen and felt throughout Vietnam (and China) today.
Newspaper editorials I wrote after my Stanford visit led to two in-
vitations to write in more detail on Vietnam’s current conditions and
future prospects. One came from Lawrence Harrison, director of the
Cultural Change Institute at the Fletcher School (Tufts University),
to examine in more detail than I do here the impact of traditional
Chinese culture on Vietnam’s recent economic reforms. Alvaro Vargas
Llosa at the Independent Institute asked me to write on Vietnam for
this series he is editing on global entrepreneurship, and this book is the
result. Here I strive to put the reforms undertaken by the Vietnamese
government and people since 1986 in the context of Vietnam’s history
and culture. Vietnam represents the most recent major Asian effort to
transform a traditional society into a modern nation without sacrific-
ing the essence or soul of the civilization. Recent years have shown
that many Vietnamese are determined to build more rewarding lives
for themselves and their families. The unanswered question is whether
both the government and people want major change enough to set
aside or greatly modify some of the persisting cultural and ideological
traditions, or if they can find a way to reform the cultural characteris-
Preface | vii

viii | Vietnam Rising
tics that in the past impeded development into characteristics that can
promote constructive change. Vietnam’s future will depend on how
the they work out these challenges.
William Ratliff
Ho Chi Minh City
October 10, 2008

w hen a mer ica’s creeping involvement in Southeast
Asia began, more than a half century ago, most Americans had never
even heard of Vietnam. By the time the U.S. military left in 1975, Viet-
nam had become a household word signifying tragedy, humiliation, or
a feeling of “never again,” depending on the perspective and/or message
of the ordinary citizen, war veteran, activist, analyst, or politician. But
now Vietnam, like Kipling’s leopard, is changing its spots, or at least
some of them. The country, which is almost as large as California with
well over twice that state’s population, now seems more comprehensible
to many Americans because it seems to be becoming more “like us.”
The current transformation of the old communist enemy began
in 1986, when the Vietnam Communist Party (VCP) government in
Hanoi launched its so-called renovation, or doi moi, program. But the
very word renovation, not reform, never mind revolution, should give
pause to those who think the Vietnamese will henceforth talk and act
just like us.1
The goal of renovating, or looking backward in order to
fix something that has gone out of kilter, is one of many Confucian
perspectives that are still critically important today in Vietnam. Con-
fucianism has many qualities that have fit well into the modern world,
but historically it has been a philosophy of dealing with the present
and future by learning from and in some sense trying to return to an
idealized past. In Vietnam today, VCP leaders insist that renovating
means getting the country’s socialism back on track, sometimes admit-
ting that some of the early mistakes were made by none other than the
ix
Introduction

x | Vietnam Rising
much-revered Ho Chi Minh, the Father of the country, and his closest
comrades. In reality, some of the market-oriented changes being made
today, if they continue to move forward, are more revolutionary for
Vietnam than anything Ho and his comrades ever dreamed of.
Vietnam has little historical experience with most of the ideas, insti-
tutions, objectives, and policies that have been discussed and, in varying
degrees, implemented around the country over the past two decades,
despite efforts to make them fit into the past. Thus, all reforms in Viet-
nam must first be seen in the context of belief systems, ideas, and prac-
ticesthatlongpredate—yetinclude—communism,reachingbackmore
than two thousand years. This phenomenon of the lasting impact of
long-extant cultures and institutions of the past is not unique to Viet-
nam or China (where it is also critical but usually ignored). It is also bed-
rock from Latin America to Russia to the Middle East, where traditional
thinking and practices based on ancient cultures and institutions are not
easily and quickly changed by preaching, reforms, or military invasion,
and where such change is often resisted.2
Within Vietnam, much debate continues over the desirability and
impact of the ideas and institutions associated with market reforms
and open economies and political systems, and not only because these
seem to necessitate modifying or replacing some traditional beliefs and
practices. One must also consider the complexity of undertaking fun-
damental reforms in any very poor country and the fact that frequently
even seemingly simple data are incomplete, unavailable, contradictory,
or doctored to undermine or support any number of reforms or other
agendas. Many faces of corruption and vested interests figure into
this complexity, because many people, particularly those who today
enjoy degrees of privilege at various levels of the society, have a stake,
whether honorable or shady, in the past and present conditions. Some-
times these interests can become reconciled to change, but often they
can’t. Thus, besides inertia, these interests make trade-offs and power
struggles inevitable.
Relatively free markets were important in parts of Vietnam before
doi moi, especially in the southern city of Saigon, now renamed Ho Chi

Minh City, where decades ago the Cholon district was filled with pri-
vate enterprises owned mainly by Vietnamese-Chinese. When the VCP
unified the country in the mid-1970s, after the end of the war involving
the United States, the doors of those private businesses were slammed
shut and seemed closed forever. Now the same VCP, having learned a
few things over the decades at the expense of the Vietnamese people,
is encouraging assorted kinds of businesses and entrepreneurship that
it had previously condemned. Thus, Vietnam’s reformers today look
to the country’s past for ideas. They also look, usually without saying
so, to the experience of China, which began its reforms a decade earlier
than Vietnam did, as well as to much of the rest of the world, including
most of the country’s Southeast Asian neighbors. At the end of the day,
Vietnam’s surging if somewhat strangled private sector during the past
two decades has been the main engine of unprecedented growth in a
previously moribund national economy.
This study begins with a brief review of political and economic con-
ditions in Vietnam as of mid-2008. The more detailed discussion that
followsisbrokenintofoursections.PartIsurveystheculturalandhistor-
ical experiences that provide the foundation for current reforms, touch-
ing on critical links to Confucian China, a century of French colonial
control, and earlier programs of the VCP. The latter discussion begins
with policies implemented immediately after control was established in
the northern part of the country and covers the changes that followed
“reunification” at the end of the Vietnam War and the introduction of
the doi moi reforms just over two decades ago. The section concludes
withaconsiderationoftheimportanceofsocialismthroughoutthecom-
munist period, including today. Part II broadly examines the types of
changes underway today, ranging from legal and educational reforms to
dealing with and reforming the dinosaurs left over from the recent past,
most importantly the banks and the state-owned enterprises (SOEs).
Part III focuses on entrepreneurship in Vietnam today, with discussions
of varying forms of enterprises and the difficulty of getting accurate
statistics. The main emphasis is on small and medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs), but the discussion also considers household enterprises, women
Introduction | xi

entrepreneurs, and the involvement of overseas Vietnamese. Part IV
focuses on several important challenges for SMEs, above all the often
not very business-friendly practices with respect to land use and fund-
ing/credit, concluding with a quick walk through the business registra-
tion process. Part V consists of concluding comments that seek to weave
these threads together, assessing the change that has been accomplished
and the remaining traditional and institutional challenges to a truly
open entrepreneurial climate. The appendix remarks on the many faces
of international involvement today in Vietnam’s reforms.
xii | Vietnam Rising

xiii
accor di ng to Asian Development Bank figures, Viet-
nam’s per capita gross domestic product (GDP) has grown from $98 in
1990 to $833 in 2007, which puts the country very near the $906 point
at which, according to the World Bank, Vietnam will become a lower-
middle-income country. Several decades ago, Vietnam was a stagnant,
seemingly hopeless nation receiving $3 billion annually in military
and economic aid from the Soviet Union. The money did little good
because it was accompanied by mountains of very bad advice that led to
or enforced intellectual, institutional, and physical obstacles to develop-
ment. Most of Vietnam’s anemic trade was with the similarly anemic
Soviet bloc countries and expired with them. But even as that bloc was
collapsing, Vietnamese leaders began to realize that they were slouch-
ing down a dead-end street and decided to follow a lead long since set
by some of their neighbors. The result, as the Economist reported in a
special issue on Vietnam published in April 2008, was that Vietnam
transformed itself from a “basket case to a rice basket.”
It is no wonder that post-1986 developments in Vietnam are hard for
Americans to get right. Vietnamese themselves often are uncertain as
to just what is going on today and where it will end, and the optimism
of recent years began sliding down in mid-2008 with rising inflation.
As the Economist reported, “Vietnam has become the darling of foreign
investors and multinationals.” Still, very much remains to be undone,
redone, or reformed before Vietnam can expect to consolidate and
expand its gains for the common good. A handful of international orga-
Survey of Conditions
in Vietnam to Mid-2008

xiv | Vietnam Rising
nizations annually evaluate the countries of the world with regard to
what they and many in the West consider positive and negative aspects
of the business environment and degrees of economic freedom that
contribute to national development and globalization. The World Eco-
nomic Forum’s 2007–2008 Global Competitiveness Report, for example,
ranks Vietnam 68 among 131 countries; the 2008 Doing Business report
of the World Bank and the International Finance Organization puts
Vietnam 91 among 178 nations in the ease of doing business; and the
2008 Index of Economic Freedom published by the Heritage Foundation
rates Vietnam 135 among 157 nations measured.
In 2007, the growth in Vietnam’s GDP was about 8.5 percent, with
an average growth of more than 7 percent over the past decade.3
In July
2008theAsianDevelopmentBanklowereditsestimateforGDPgrowth
in 2008 to about 6.5 percent. Despite drought, avian flu, and livestock
diseases, agricultural output increased slightly in 2007, and agriculture
remained the majority employer in the country. Still, agriculture’s per-
centage of the national economy continues a two-decade decline. The
breakdown of the national GDP by percentage per sector in 2007, with a
comparison to 1990,was:agriculture20percent(downfrom38.7percent
in 1990); industry and construction 41.8 percent (up from 22.7 percent),
of which manufacturing was 21.4 percent (up from 12.3 percent); and
services 38.2 percent (down from 38.6 percent).
Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in January
2007, and in some respects that has accelerated changes across the econ-
omy, ranging from land reform and decollectivization to opening the
agricultural and business sectors to market forces. Foreign direct invest-
ment (FDI) pledges between 1988 and 2007 were US$83.2
billion, just
over half of which was realized. Pledges in 2006 came to $10 billion,
and in 2007, after the country’s entry into the WTO and Intel’s decision
in late 2006 to build a gigantic assembly plant in Hanoi, they were $21.3
billion, much ofwhichcamefromTaiwan,Singapore,SouthKorea,and
Japan. In the early months of 2008, investors pledged more than US$15
billion in 320 projects. The largest was $4.2 billion by the Canada-based
.

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DEATH OF REV. G. W. WALKER.
Died.—At Centreville, Pa., August 23, 1881, Rev. G. W. Walker,
formerly a teacher at Atlanta University, aged 46 years. He was a
graduate of Oberlin College and Theological Seminary. Of Mr. Walker
it may be said, without biographical exaggeration, “A good man has
fallen in Israel.” As a man, he was quiet, modest, unostentatious,
affable and gentlemanly. Sustaining to him the close relation of
class-mate for three years, the writer cannot remember a harsh or
unkind word as ever having fallen from his lips. As a Christian, he
was always calm, serene, happy. His piety seemed like the flow of
some sweet, peaceful river. The same traits of character he carried
into the ministry. As a preacher, he was Scriptural, earnest and
impressive. He was true and faithful to his trust, no flatterer, but
outspoken. As a pastor, he endeared himself to all by his gentle
manner and lively sympathy. He labored very successfully for a few
years in the service of the American Missionary Association. In
lowliness and self-abnegation he toiled faithfully, earnestly, for souls
wherever the Master placed him, and his memory will not soon be
forgotten by his intimate friends, and especially by those who were
hopefully saved through his instrumentality. He bore his sickness
with a sweet, Christian patience, his greatest trial being that he was
deprived of working in the service of Him whom he loved. Through a
long and tedious decline, covering nearly two years of painful
struggle for life, he found the God he served able to comfort and
sustain him and give him at last the victory. He leaves a fond wife
and son, who have met with a loss that cannot be measured, and
who share the sympathies of a multitude of friends.
May the precious Saviour, whom he served, remember the widow
and the fatherless.

EXTRACTS FROM MINUTES OF
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
September 13th, 1881.
Rev. Henry M. Ladd and Dr. E. E. Snow, who were about to proceed
up the Nile for locating the Arthington Mission, were brought before
the Committee and instructed as follows:
The Executive Committee of the American Missionary Association,
which has commissioned you to explore the basin of the Upper Nile
in Africa, with reference to the locating and the working of the
Arthington Mission, would give you these few words of God-speed
and of instruction.
We furnish you a letter from the U.S. Secretary of State, which in
response to a request from this office, assures you that upon
arriving at Cairo, you will find the U.S. Consul General stationed
there, Mr. Simon Wolf, instructed to facilitate the labors of your
expedition and to protect your rights as American citizens in such
ways as are consistent with his duties and with due regard to local
laws. With his assistance and your English endorsement you will
seek from the Khedive of Egypt the essential protection of his
authority.
It is our impression that near the mouth of the Sobat, where the Nile
comes in from its great western bend, within the Arthington district,
and perhaps upon the very spot where Sir Samuel Baker had his
camp, you will locate the headquarters of the mission, whose
stations in time will be extended into the country beyond; but we
leave this matter of location to your discretion. In determining it you
will consider the navigability of the river, the elevation and
healthfulness of the site, and the friendliness and condition of the
people. You will negotiate with the heads of the people, among

whom you locate, for the use of land needed by the mission. You will
investigate the feasibility of our owning and running a small steamer
between Berber and Sobat.
Upon all these matters you will report as frequently as possible to
this office. A journal, kept and furnished us, such as that reported by
Sup’t Ladd, in regard to the visit to the Mendi Mission, will be greatly
helpful.
Returning, Dr. Snow will stop in England to superintend the
construction of a steamer for the Nile service, provided your reports
shall warrant the Committee in ordering such an expenditure, and
Sup’t Ladd will come back to this country to report in person and to
secure colored missionaries to go back with you in the early autumn
of 1882.
If the way shall not appear closed up, the plan for the second
expedition will be that, with your recruits, you take along your
steamer as freight to Berber, where you will put it together and
launch it to carry your party and materials for building and for
subsistence to the chosen site, upon which you will set up the house
of the mission.
While the Superintendent, like the Apostle Paul, will have his
“beloved physician” to travel with him as associate missionary, in our
prayerful solicitude for your health and safety, we wish to enjoin
upon you the utmost diligence in seeking to preserve yourselves
from sickness, and in keeping yourselves in that enervating climate
from overstrain in travel and work.
We bless God that he has given you a heart to assume this great
undertaking in the name of His dear Son. We commend you now to
the Divine care, and shall ever pray that you may be preserved in
health and in life, and prospered in your mission, until you shall see
that heathen people coming to the standard of the Cross which you
shall have set up in equatorial Africa.

WOMAN’S HOME MISSIONARY
ASSOCIATION.
Room 20, Congregational House, Beacon St., Boston.
Miss Nathalie Lord, Secretary. Miss Abby W. Pearson, Treasurer.
MONTHLY REPORT.
When Livingstone, at the age of twenty-seven, had accomplished his
task of fitting himself for a missionary, had taken his medical
diploma, and was ready to start for Africa, “a single night,” says his
biographer, “was all that he could spend with his family, and they
had so much to speak of that David proposed they should sit up all
night. This, however, his mother would not hear of. ‘I remember my
father and him,’ writes his sister, ‘talking over the prospects of
Christian missions. They agreed that the time would come when rich
and great men would think it an honor to support whole stations of
missionaries, instead of spending their money on hounds and
horses. On November 17th we got up at five o’clock. My mother
made coffee. David read the 121st and 135th Psalms, and prayed.
My father and he walked to Glasgow to catch the Liverpool
steamer.’”
How fitting the setting of this prophetic talk of David and his father—
the completed hard labor and sterner sacrifice of preparation, the
hurried visit by night, and the long walk in the November dawn! No
wonder, with their inspiration, that these two “agreed that the time
would come when rich and great men would think it an honor to
support whole stations of missionaries.”

The autumn is here and a new year of work begins. We are all
promising ourselves redoubled efforts and larger success, each in his
sphere, for the coming season. But what can we do new, what can
we do more, what fresh successes can we plan for missions, and for
home missions? This is one of the questions for us all to ask. Can I
start a new auxiliary? I will not neglect the opportunity nor lose
time. Can I myself make a larger contribution to the funds this year
than last? Then I will, and if I have to give something of less value in
exchange for the privilege, so much the better. Shall I read more
regularly the news that comes from missions, and so help myself
and others to become more interested in the work by the knowledge
of what is being done? Yes, I will make a point of this. Can I pray
more sincerely for the progress of the cause, remembering with
affection and sympathy those who labor in the Lord in the more
toilsome parts of the vineyard?
Are not these questions which we may ask and answer in the
interest of our W. H. M. A.? We are anxious to do a much larger
work this year than last. Would that we might multiply it tenfold! So
we must have corresponding purpose and energy in each spoke of
the wheel. Our missionaries already in the field have resumed their
labors after their summer’s rest. Mrs. Babcock has returned to her
work in Washington; Mrs. Steele begins anew in Chattanooga, Tenn.;
Miss Rose M. Kinney is to be supported by our Association in
Dorchester Academy, McIntosh, Ga.; Miss Sarah E. Tichenor, sister of
Miss Lydia M. Tichenor, who has been in Hooper, Utah, has begun
her teaching among the “poor whites” in Greenbrier, Tenn. She
writes: “I think the prospects are that we shall have a pleasant
opening, as they are anxious to have school. I would like a globe
and charts very much, and we shall need text books for some who
are not able to buy.” Miss Alice E. Carter, who has been our
missionary in Nashville, Tenn., this last year, has been detailed from
that work to present the cause of the W. H. M. A. to the churches.
Auxiliaries wishing to have her address them can make application to
the Home Secretary. Under the New West Commission we send out
Miss Snyder again to Albuquerque; Miss Elizabeth Keyes to Bingham;

Miss Emily S. Robinson to Stockton; and Miss Annie E. Shepardson
to Salt Lake City, (the three last named places in Utah).
We are ready to send out more, to double the number of
missionaries at once, and the fields are standing ripe. Does not
some one desire the “honor” of supporting, not “whole stations of
missionaries,” but—a whole mission station? Does not some new
auxiliary desire to undertake the support of a new mission?
The annual meeting of the Association will be held in Boston,
October 26. We expect the cause of the New West and that of the
South to be presented by those personally acquainted with the
matter, and we hope for a large attendance.
Receipts of W. H. M. A. from August 27 to September 26, 1881:
From Aux. $ 38.00
“ Don 258.10
“ L. M. 20.00
“ A. M. 11.00
—-—-
$327.10
Boxes sent:
From Auxiliary in Monson, Mass., to the West $150.00
“
Ladies in Central Ch., Boston, second-hand clothing to
Michigan sufferers 8.90
Correction.—In report of W. H. M. A. for September. In Miss Wilson’s diary read,
“2d, sent soup,” not soap; and in the last part of the same paragraph read “lunch,”
not land, given.

CHILDREN’S PAGE.
THOMAS CHATHAM.
BY MRS. THOS. N. CHASE.
About fifteen years ago, a colored boy whom we will call Thomas
Chatham helped to swell the flock that followed their white teacher
to some tumble-down buildings in Atlanta, Ga.
There is a kind of wild delight about the memory of those days, “just
after freedom,” when the “old uncles and aunties” as well as the
boys and girls endured heat and cold, hunger and rags, inspired by
the blissful idea of getting “larnin’” about as they had gotten
freedom, “kind o’ sudden like.” When they found their mistake, of
course thousands dropped out by the way, but Thomas Chatham
was not one of them.
When we went South in 1869, he had gotten quite a start. I first saw
him in the Congregational Sunday-school at Storrs Chapel, and
noticed that whenever the Superintendent asked a question that
nobody else could answer, a queer-looking fellow with a very thick
tongue usually answered it. In two or three years he was admitted
to the preparatory department of Atlanta University. But how the
boys did laugh at him! How shocking! some tender-hearted child
says. So it is. Many a time my heart has ached for poor Chatham.
But you must remember that colored children are no better than
white ones, and I am sure you have seen some poor awkward white
boy laughed at till perhaps your kind eyes filled with tears. Then I
suppose I don’t see the funny side of comical sights so quickly as
some, and Thomas Chatham did look queer. Although he is quite
short, he has very large feet and broad shoulders, with a big head
set nearly flat upon the latter. Then he was very poor, and did not

know how to make the best of the poor clothes he had. His shoes
were run down at the heel, so that when he walked he shuffled
along, lest, I suppose, his shoes should fall off. He learned with
great difficulty and made very droll blunders, but he never lost his
temper or got out of patience. At the beginning of each year a new
set of thoughtless scholars would make fun of his looks and his
blunders, till his calm dignity told louder than words that he lived in
an atmosphere far above that level where the taunts or esteem of
his fellows had much weight.
His home was two or three miles from school, yet he trudged on
year after year, often drenched with rain and chilled into ague,
hoping that some time he would know enough to serve his people as
a teacher in a country school. Several of his teachers advised him to
learn a trade, judging that from all human appearances he could
never teach or control a school. Others who knew more of his Bible
knowledge and sublime faith thought that, perhaps, God could find a
place for him somewhere; and He has.
Every summer vacation now he goes out into some obscure corner
to teach, and reports come back to us that our best students are not
so successful as he in leading their pupils to that beginning of all
wisdom, the fear of the Lord.
Chatham’s success is to me a living sermon from the text, “Not by
might nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord.” And why that
Spirit helps him seems to be because he is willing to do anything, to
go anywhere, to be only a sower, and let another be the reaper; in
short, while he is weak, yet is he strong, because of that most
beautiful of all graces, humility. How slow I have been learning the
hard lesson, that God passes by the learned, the brilliant and the
talented until they are thoroughly humbled, and, to our surprise,
honors some lowly one who is willing to give God the glory and not
beg back any share of it.
“For thus saith the High and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity,
whose name is Holy, I dwell in the high and holy place with him also
that is of a contrite and humble spirit.”

LETTERS TO THE TREASURER.
The pastor of the church at Rehoboth, Mass., writes as follows: “The
enclosed five dollars was handed me after our missionary concert
last evening by a young brother who told me that he had set apart a
small piece of ground on his farm, resolving to cultivate it for the
Arthington Mission in Central Africa. This five dollars is the first
proceeds.”

SAMUEL GORDON HALEY.
Our Treasurer received recently two thousand dollars for a scholarship endowment
fund for the Fisk University, which was from Mrs. A. M. Haley, widow of Samuel
Gordon Haley, and was acknowledged in the September American Missionary. We
publish the following obituary notice of Mr. Haley as an illustration not only of the
excellent character of the man, but also as a testimonial to the conscientious act
of his widow, who is a worthy Baptist lady, in bestowing in honor of his memory
this amount to promote educational work under the auspices of our Association,
which was dear to him.
Samuel Gordon Haley, son of Dea. Thos. Haley and Eliza Whicher,
was born in Charlestown, Mass., May 7, 1832. He died in Oshtemo,
Mich., January 14, 1881. At the time of his birth his parents were not
Christians, but they so earnestly desired that Samuel, their first-
born, should have eternal life that they prayed that God would early
bring him into His kingdom. Mr. Haley was well known as a
successful educator and genealogist; he was also deeply interested
in historical research. In 1836 his father moved to East Andover,
New Hampshire. There in the picturesque Switzerland of America,
with its skies filled with light, its green plains and valleys, its bold
and its undulating hills, its grand old pines and their dark mossy
retreats, its bald-headed Kearsarge in the near distance, in full view
of a quiet N.E. village, with its church spires and school-houses,
nestling close at the side of Highland Lake, childhood merged into
boyhood, and boyhood into early manhood. We may well suppose
that such scenes would awaken the imagination of a mind formed by
nature to appreciate and sympathize with the truly grand and
sublime in the external world, and would help to impart to that mind
a loftiness of purpose and purity of thought not otherwise, perhaps,
attained. And now, amid those scenes so loved in childhood and
admired in maturity, near the revered one who bore him, lies his
noble form awaiting the resurrection morn. His paternal home was
one of singular good sense and piety; it was sincere, unworldly,
unartificial. Tender deference was taught toward the aged, and
thoughtful regard toward childhood, the unfortunate, the afflicted.

He loved to dwell on the tender recollections, kindred ties, early
affections and hallowed associations connected with his home; he
eagerly sought every historical incident of his family; and to his
father, the aged sire, who still lives to bless, was he indebted for
many incidents relating to his predecessors. Mr. Haley graduated
from Meriden Academy, Meriden, New Hampshire, in 1856.
He graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1860.
Having chosen teaching as a profession, he at once entered upon
that work, and for ten years his labors were in academies and high
schools in N.H. During the war he spent his summer vacations in
Washington, D.C., and vicinity, in the benevolent work of the U.S.
Christian Commission. And as we turn the pages of his private
writings, and learn of the spirit which actuated him during those
dark, bloody hours of our nation’s history, we find renewed proofs of
the true greatness of his soul. In 1870 he found work in the public
schools in Illinois, where he labored till a short time before his
death.
As a teacher, his life was one of untold usefulness. The moral and
religious development of his pupils was of first importance. He
regarded our schools as a place, not so much of learning, as of
preparation for learning; a course of discipline to draw out and
sharpen faculties; a means to bring the student up to manhood with
ability to perform thenceforth the hard work of a man in his allotted
sphere. To that end no part of fundamental study could be spared. A
thorough, exact scholar himself, he was satisfied with nothing less
than thoroughness and exactness in those whom he taught. Patient,
forbearing, forgiving, he held a high place in the hearts of his pupils,
and with all his gentleness of spirit he ever maintained a purity of
discipline.
Mr. Haley first made a public profession of religion and united with
the Congregational church while at Meriden Academy. But so true
and pure had been his life that little change could be seen in him
after this profession. He subsequently became a member at
Hopkinton, N.H., then at Dover, N.H. He united with the church at

Providence, Ill., in 1872, and was a member of that church at the
time of his death.
As a Christian, he was undemonstrative, but he was faithfulness
itself. In all his relations of life did he sow the seeds of love to his
Master. He was unsuspicious, resented no evil, indulged in no gossip,
perpetrated no slander, exaggerated not his statements, never wore
two faces, nor spoke with two tongues. He was guileless. A
sectarian, a partisan, a demagogue, a sycophant, a hypocrite, he
abhorred. He would do nothing with them but in matters of
necessary business. His finer sentiments were not projected. He
restrained them through natural diffidence, but when reached they
were responsive, pure, refreshing, tempered with Christian
meekness and sobriety.
As he approached the realities of that world for which he had lived,
he seemed to enter into them as much as man ever can until he has
passed within its portals. His spirit gave utterance to expressions
which indicated how bright was the source from which had sprung
the power and preciousness of his life.
Those who mourn his loss have consolation, not only in the
remembrance of those sterling virtues which gave him professional
dignity and power, but in that great, tender and noble nature which
made those virtues subservient to the familiar every-day enjoyments
in a Christian life. They will love to keep in memory his play equally
with his work; his genial, frank and sometimes sportive intercourse
not less than his graver counsels which instructed them.
The whole example and image which ever lives in their hearts, of
sanctified intellect, sentiment and affection, constituting his well
adjusted and honorable manhood, will be their best earthly incentive
to imitate his virtues and partake of his reward.
Mrs. Annie M. Haley.
Buda, Ill., August 25, 1881.

RECEIPTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1881.
MAINE, $183.31.
Augusta. W.F.H. $5.00
Bangor. Rev. Jos. Smith 25.00
Bethel. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.00
Castine. Rev. A. E. Ives 3.00
Farmington. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 13.00
Portland. St. Lawrence St. Ch. 7.31
Saco. Miss Alice Seavery 5.00
Union. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00
Winslow. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.00
————
83.31
LEGACY.
Yarmouth. Estate of Daniel Sweetser, by Rebecca
S. Shorey, Executrix 100.00
————
183.31
NEW HAMPSHIRE, $328.88.
Acworth. Cong. Ch. and Soc., (bal. to const. Mrs.
Ann L. Johnson, L.M.) 16.59
Amherst. Miss L. W. B. 0.50
Atkinson. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 15.00

Bethlehem. Cong. Ch. and Soc. ($2 of wh. for
Indian M.) 11.30
Brookline. “Friends” for furnishing room, Stone Hall,
Straight U. 25.00
Brookline. Miss E. E. R. 0.50
Bristol. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 2.68
Candia Village. Jona. Martin 5.00
Derry. First Cong. Ch. and Soc., $14.57; E.F.M., $1 15.57
Dover. Mrs. Dr. L. 1.00
Franklin. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 25.00
Goffstown. Cong. Ch. and Soc., (bal. to const. Miss
Hattie A. Emerson, L. M.) 18.00
Hancock. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 25.00
Hanover. Dartmouth College Cong. Ch. 60.00
Hillsborough Center. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 1.00
Keene. Rev. and Mrs. H. Wood 5.00
Milford. R. M. 1.00
Pelham. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 42.75
Reed’s Ferry. Miss H. McM. 0.50
Salem. Cong. Ch. (ad’l), $2; Mrs. Dean Emerson’s
S. S. Class, $3; “Mrs. G. D. K.” $2.34 7.34
Thornton’s Ferry. Mrs. H. N. E. 0.50
Wentworth. Eph. Cook 5.00
West Lebanon. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $10.15; F. O. S.,
50c 10.65
Wilton. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $22; “Pastor and Wife,”
$12 34.00
VERMONT, $549.04.
Ascutneyville. Dea. P. Haskell 5.00
Benson. “J. K.” 2.00

Bridport. Cong. Sab. Sch. 7.50
Burlington. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 49.68
Cambridge. M. and C. Safford, $38.52; E.
Wheelock, $5; S. M. Safford, $5; Mr. and Mrs.
Blaisdell, $5; O. W. Reynolds, $5; H. Wires, $2;
J. G. Morse, $2; B. R. Holmes, $2; M. J. M., $1;
J. M. S., $1; J. W. T., $1 67.52
Charlotte. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 52.00
Chester Depot. J. L. Fisher 10.00
Corinth. Cong. Ch. 16.50
Cornwall. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 28.70
Coventry. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 27.86
Enosburg. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 25.00
Georgia. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 12.10
Lunenburgh. Cong. Ch. Sab. Sch. 5.60
Norwich. “S. J. B.” 2.00
Royalton. A. W. Kenney 12.00
Saint Albans. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 43.72
Saint Johnsbury. Sab Sch. of South Cong. Ch. for
Sab. Sch. Work, Talladega, Ala. 25.00
Springfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 47.10
Swanton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.45
Waterbury. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 30.00
Wells River. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 25.00
Westminster West. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 22.79
Windham. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $15.52; Sab. Sch.,
$4; “A Friend’s Memento,” $1.50 21.02
Vergennes. Mrs. N. J. I. 0.50
MASSACHUSETTS, $10,808.86.
Abington. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 34.33

Agawam. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.08
Amherst. Agl. College, Class of ’82, bal. for
furnishing room, Stone Hall, Talladega C. 5.00
Amherst. G. C. Munsell 2.00
Andover. Dea. E. Taylor, $10; M. C. Andrews,
$5, for Talladega C. 15.00
Bernardston. Cong. Ch. 1.00
Boston. “A Friend,” $42; Mrs. P. L. Livermore,
$2 44.00
Boston. Woman’s Home Missionary Association,
for Lady Missionary 26.52
Boston Highlands. John G. Cary, to const. Rev.
Charles Nichols, L. M. 30.00
Boxford. Mrs. J. K. C. and Mrs. E. L. S., 50c. ea. 1.00
Bridgeton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 20.29
Brockton. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 23.00
Cambridgeport. Pilgrim Ch. Mon. Con. Col.,
$13.56; Prospect St. Ch. and Soc., 50c. 14.06
Campello. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 60.00
Chelmsford. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 12.00
Chelsea. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 33.38
Chicopee. Third Cong. Ch. and Soc. 34.04
Coleraine. Cong. Ch. 12.00
Dorchester. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 891.09
Dover. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00
Dunstable. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 19.25
Foxborough. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 30.68
Georgetown. “A Friend” 10.00
Gilbertville. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 27.00
Greenfield. Second Cong. Ch., $90.42; Jeanette
Thompson, $5 95.42

Hanson. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.00
Haverhill. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $200; Center
Cong. Ch. and Soc., $53.50 253.50
Hawley. “A Friend” 1.00
Holland. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00
Holyoke. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 30.00
Hopkinton. Cong. Ch. and Soc., ($11 of which
Mission Concert Fund) 259.85
Hyde Park. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 40.75
Kingston. Mayflower Ch. and Soc. 10.00
Lawrence. E. F. E. 0.50
Lenox. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 17.25
Longmeadow. Gents’ Benev. Ass’n. 19.00
Lowell. Pawtucket Cong. Ch. and Soc. 14.56
Lunenburg. Cong. Sab. Sch. (ad’l) for
furnishing room, Stone Hall, Straight U. 0.25
Lynn. Miss Susie Clark, for Macon, Ga. 2.00
Malden. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 39.86
Mansfield. P. M. E. 1.00
Marblehead. Hon. J. J. H. Gregory, $2,000, for
buildings, Wilmington, N.C.; $1,000 for
Talladega C.; and $1,533.55 on account of
excesses in Church Contributions 4,533.55
Mattapoisett. A. C. 1.00
Maynard. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 50.00
Melrose. Cong. Ch, and Soc. 52.00
Melrose Highlands. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00
Middleborough. Central Cong. Ch. 42.44
Milton. S. D. Hunt 10.00
Monson. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 40.49
Newburyport. Whitefield Cong. Ch. and Soc. 30.00

Northampton. “A Friend,” $100; Edwards
Church, $35.93 135.93
North Andover. Cong. Ch. and Soc. (to const.
G. E. Hathorne, L. M.) 60.00
North Brookfield. Union Cong. Ch. and Soc. 48.00
North Chelmsford. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 22.50
North Falmouth. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 16.00
Northfield. Miss M. L. H. 0.51
North Somerville. “A Friend” 1.00
Orange. A. S. M. 1.00
Palmer. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 14.84
Plainfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 8.76
Quincy. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 75.02
Rockport. John Parsons 3.00
Salem. “Friends,” for Talladega C. 40.70
Sandwich. Miss Hepsa H. Nye 2.00
Saundersville. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.00
Sherborn. “A Friend” 3.00
South Amherst. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 8.00
Southborough. Pilgrim Ch. and Soc. 18.91
South Egremont. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 25.00
South Plymouth. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00
South Sudbury. Ladies’ Mission Soc., Bbl. of C.
val. $44.68, for Atlanta U., and $3 for freight 3.00
Springfield. Mrs. A. C. Hunt 5.00
Stoneham. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 13.70
Sunderland. Cong. Ch. and Soc., to const. Mrs.
L. Abba Gilbert, L. M. 40.00
Taunton. Winslow Ch. and Soc. 43.00
Topsfield. Charles Herrick 20.00
Townsend. “A Friend” 2.00

Uxbridge. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 40.00
Waltham. Individuals by N. Scammon, for Mag. 2.00
Ward Hill. Elijah Bradstreet 10.00
Wellesley College. “A Friend” 5.00
Wellesley. Mrs. J. L. P. 1.00
West Newton. Mrs. H. A. Barker, 2 Bbls. C.
Westport. Pacific Union Ch. and Soc., $7;
Pacific Union Sab. Sch., $3.86 10.86
West Somerville. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 3.43
West Springfield. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.40
Woburn. Cong. Ch and Soc. 113.16
Worcester. Samuel W. Kent, $10; Salem St. Ch.
$5 15.00
Yarmouth. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 55.00
————
7,808.86
LEGACIES.
Boston. Estate of Thomas D. Quincy, by Julia C.
Quincy, Thomas D. Quincy, Jr., and Thomas
P. Ayer, Executors 2,000.00
North Brookfield. Estate of Miss Lydia C.
Dodge, by Wm. P. Haskell, Executor 1,000.00
————
10,808.86
RHODE ISLAND, $929.28.
Central Falls. Class of Sab. Sch. Girls 10.00
Providence. Central Cong. Ch., $823.68; Plymouth
Cong. Ch., $20.60 844.28
Providence. Central Ch., $50, Union Ch., $25, for
Parsonage; Ladies of Central Ch., Communion
75.00

Set, val. $25, for Church, Talladega, Ala.
CONNECTICUT, $5,403.33.
Avon. Harry Chidsey 100.00
Branford. Cong. Ch. 18.16
Bridgeport. Park St. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 15.18
Bristol. S. E. Root. $25; N. L. Birge, $25; Mrs.
H. S. Bartholomew, $10; H. S. Bartholomew,
$10; Master Roger S. Newell, $2; Mrs. Dea. C.,
50 cents, Mrs. E. S. K., 50 cents, for Talladega
C. 73.00
Brooklyn. First Trin. Cong. Ch., $32.50; M. W.
Crosby, for Mag., $1.50 34.00
Cheshire. Cong. Ch. 19.14
Colchester. “A Friend,” by Rev. S. G. Willard, for
Hampton N. and A. Inst. 5.00
Collinsville. E. H. Sears, for Talladega C. 10.00
Durham. First Cong. Ch. 15.00
East Hampton. Hawley Skinner, $10; Dea. Saml.
Skinner, $10; A. H. Conklin, $10; E. C. Barton,
$10; H. H. Abby, $2; Mrs. F. M. K., $1; J. C. K.,
$1, for Talladega C. 44.00
East Hartford. First Ch. 20.00
Gilead. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas L. Brown, $5, for
Hampton N. and A. Inst., and $5 for Tillotson
C. and N. Inst. 10.00
Green’s Farms. Cong. Ch. 19.25
Griswold. First Ch. 40.00
Hartford. Roland Mather, $100; Newton Case,
$50; John C. Day, $25, for Talladega C. 175.00
Lebanon. “A Friend in First Ch.” 10.00
Mansfield. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 9.49

Meriden. First Cong. Ch., $200, to const. Joel I.
Butler, Mrs. Julius Auger, Mrs. Charles F.
Linsley, Robert T. Spencer, Miss Lucy A. Taylor,
and W. H. Catlin, L. M’s.; Center Cong. Ch.,
$19.50 219.50
Milton. Cong. Ch. 6.35
Naugatuck. Dea. S. H. 1.00
New Britain. Mrs. Laura Nichols, for Fisk U. 100.00
New Britain. Henry Stanley, $50; Mrs. Louisa
Nichols, $50; J. Corbin, $25; A. P. Collins, $20,
for Talladega C. 145.00
New Britain. South Cong. Ch. 102.89
New Haven. Dwight Place Ch., $40; Third Cong.
Ch., $21; “A Friend,” $5 66.00
New London. First Ch. 43.87
North Manchester. Second Cong. Ch., to const.
Dr. S. H. Burgess and Levi Drake, L. M’s 72.00
North Stonington. D. R. Wheeler 10.00
Rockville. Second Cong. Ch. 85.11
Roxbury. S. J. Beardsley 3.00
Sharon. Cong. Ch., for Student Aid, Atlanta U. 42.28
South Coventry. Sab. Sch. Missionary Concert 5.65
Thomaston. Cong. Ch., ($2 of wh. for Tillotson
C. N. Inst.) 36.27
Terryville. Dea. R. D. H. Allen, $100 and a
Buggy; Mrs. Mary E. Allen, $25; O. D. Hunter,
$50; N. T. Baldwin, $50; M. C. Ogden, $50;
Wm. Bates, $5; Mrs. G. E. M., $1, for
Talladega C. 281.00
Torrington. L. Wetmore, $100, Cong. Ch. and
Soc., $23.32; Ladies’ Benev. Soc., $10 133.32
Wallingford. Cong. Ch. 52.00

Waterbury. Mrs. G. C. H. 0.50
Watertown. “A Friend,” for President’s House,
Talladega C. 500.00
West Haven. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 16.94
West Winsted. Second Cong. Ch. 50.03
Wethersfield. First Ch. of Christ 57.02
Windsor. Cong. Ch. 75.00
Winsted. David Strong, $25; Mrs. M. A. Mitchell,
$10; Dea. E. E. Gilman, $10; C. B. Hallett, $7;
G. B. O., $1, for Talladega C. 53.00
—— “A Friend” 15.00
————
2,789.95
LEGACIES.
Greenwich. Estate of Mrs. Eliza Clark, by Lyman
Mead and D. S. Mead, Executors 2,507.38
Terryville. Estate of Cornelius R. Williams, (of
which $53 for Arthington M.) by Moseley H.
Williams, Adm. 106.00
————
5,403.33
NEW YORK, $1,232.85.
Batavia. Mrs. Anna V. S. Fisher 20.00
Brooklyn. Rev. A. Merwin 25.00
Brooklyn. Library of the late Hon. E. P. Smith, by
Mrs. Smith, for Fisk U. Library
Brooklyn. Miss Halliday, bundle of Books and
Papers
Camillus. Isaiah Wilcox, to const. Miss Cornelia
O. Brainard, L. M. 30.00
Copenhagen. Lucian Clark 15.00

Dansville. Mrs. F. C. N. 0.50
Derby. Mrs. Jeanette Bullock 2.00
East Bloomfield. Mrs. P. W. Peck 5.00
Eden. Mrs. Hannah McNett 2.00
Gaines. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $38.31; Sab. Sch.
$4.89, to const. Richard Andrews, L. M. 43.20
Hancock. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.00
Homer. Cong. Ch. 69.94
Irvington. Mrs. R. W. Lambden 5.00
New York. “A Friend,” $50, for furnishing a room,
Straight U., and $50, for furnishing a room,
Talladega C. 100.00
New York. “H. W. H.,” for furnishing a room,
Straight U. 50.00
New York. Robbins Battell, for President’s House,
Talladega C. 50.00
New York. Dr. C. R. Agnew, $20; William Patton,
$10, for William Luke’s Monument, Talladega,
Ala. 30.00
New York. Rev. A. C. Frissell, for Hampton N.
A. Inst. 10.00
New York. N.Y. Colored Mission Sab. Sch., 135
West 30th St. 3.21
Nunda. “A Friend” 10.00
Pekin. Miss Abigail Peck 10.00
Portland. John S. Coon, $10; Mrs. S. L. L. Coon,
$10 20.00
Seneca Falls. Cong. Ch., “A Friend” 50.00
Sherburne. By Dr. H. A. Newton, for Needmore
Chapel, Talladega, Ala. 10.00
Sherburne. Mrs. John Pratt, $10; Miss Carrie
Pratt, $5; Mrs. Harriett Fuller, $5; Mrs. Chas.
25.00

Fuller, $5, for Cooking School, Talladega C.
Syracuse. Geo. W. Bradford, M.D. 2.00
Union Valley. Dr. J. Angel 5.00
Utica. Mrs. Sarah H. Mudge 15.00
West Salamanca. “Mrs. E. G. H.” 10.00
Yaphank. “H. M. O.” 5.00
————
632.85
LEGACIES.
Berkshire. Estate of Deodatus Royce, by Chas. T.
Leonard 100.00
Rochester. Estate of Lucina Chapin 500.00
————
1,232.85
NEW JERSEY, $35.50.
Chester. First Cong. Ch. 20.00
Jersey City. Mrs. S. B. 0.50
Orange Valley. “Friends,” for Talladega C. 15.00
PENNSYLVANIA, $67.50.
Clark. Mrs. Elizabeth Dickson, $15; Miss Eliza
Dickson, $15 30.00
Philadelphia. Frederic S. Kimball, for furnishing
room, Stone Hall, Talladega, Ala. 25.00
West Alexander. —— 10.00
Sewickley. —— 2.50
OHIO, $217.94.
Bellevue. Cong. Ch. 22.25

Brownhelm. Oscar H. Perry 5.00
Bristolville. “Friends,” for Talladega C. 3.50
Cleveland. Infant Sab. Sch. Class, for furnishing
room, Talladega C. 38.00
Cleveland. H. E. Brooks, $5; “Friends,” $1, for
Talladega C. 6.00
Columbus. Mrs. James L. Bates 5.00
Hicksville. “A Friend” 10.00
Hilliard. Miss E. McC. 0.25
Mallet Creek. Mrs. Mary P. Goodrich 5.00
Mantua. Cong. Ch. 7.00
Medina. First Cong. Ch., $37, to const. W. H. Sipher,
L. M.; T. E. R., $1 38.00
Medina. Woman’s Missionary Soc., $10; Class of
Young Ladies in Sab. Sch., $2, for Student Aid,
Talladega C. 12.00
Newark. Plymouth Cong. Ch., $8; Welsh Cong. Ch.,
$7.93 15.93
Ravenna. Theodore Clark, bal. to const. himself L. M. 25.00
Rochester Centre. Cong. Ch. 6.00
Sharon Center. Mrs. R. A. 0.51
Toledo. Mrs. W. K. Smith ($1 of which for Hampton
N. and A. Inst., and $1 for Tougaloo U.) 6.00
Twinsburg. L. W. and R. F. Green 5.00
Windham. “Friends.” 5.00
Youngstown. “Railway Man.” 2.00
Zanesville. Mrs. M. T. 0.50
ILLINOIS, $1,294.12.
Amboy. Bureau Association, by Mrs. H. T. Ford,
Treasurer, for Lady Missionary, Savannah, Ga. 25.00

Aurora. N. L. James 5.50
Bartlett. Cong. Ch. 23.00
Brimfield. Cong. Ch. 7.20
Chenoa. Cong. Ch. 7.00
Chicago. First Cong. Ch. 291.33
Collinsville. Mrs. J. S. Peers, $10; Mr. and Mrs.
J. F. Wadsworth, $10 20.00
Elmwood. Children’s Missionary Soc. 8.00
Evanston. Cong. Ch. 45.00
Granville. Cong. Ch. 22.00
Gridley. Cong. Ch. 10.00
Jacksonville. Cong. Ch. 46.28
Joy Prairie. Cong. Ch. 12.65
Kewanee. Cong. Ch. 31.28
Lamoille. Cong. Ch. 14.00
Lisbon. Cong. Ch. (adl.) 12.54
Lyndon. “A Friend” 5.00
Ottawa. Cong. Ch. 40.35
Port Byron. Cong. Ch. 5.77
Princeton. “A Friend,” $50; Mrs. Polly B. Corss,
$10 60.00
Rochelle. W. H. Holcomb 2.00
Roseville. Cong. Ch. 40.00
Sheffield. Cong. Ch. and Sab. Sch., for Lady
Missionary, Savannah, Ga. 9.22
Waukegan. Cong. Ch. 10.00
Wethersfield. Mrs. R. D. Shaw 10.00
Wilmette. First Cong. Ch. 11.00
Winnebago. Mr. and Mrs. N. F. Parsons 20.00
———
794.12

LEGACY.
Galesburg. Estate of Mrs. W. C. Willard, by Prof.
T. R. Willard, Ex. 500.00
————
1,294.12
MICHIGAN, $870.58.
Ann Arbor. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 23.80
Battle Creek. Colored Friends in Second Bapt. Ch.,
for room, Michigan Floor, Stone Hall, Talladega
C. 30.00
Battle Creek. Cong. and Presb. Ch., for room,
Michigan Floor, Stone Hall, Talladega C. 19.25
Battle Creek. Cong. and Presb. Sab. Sch., for
Student Aid, Talladega C. 11.00
Benzonia. E. F. Spencer, $10; H. B. B., $1 11.00
Chelsea. John C. Winans 50.00
Convis. “Friends,” for room, Michigan Floor, Stone
Hall, Talladega C. 35.00
Detroit. Fort St. Cong. Ch. Sab. Sch., for Lady
Missionary, Memphis, Tenn. 50.00
Detroit. D. McLaulin 2.00
Grand Rapids. Cong. Sab. Sch., for Rev. J. H. H.
Sengstacke, Woodville, Ga. 20.00
Greeneville. N. Staght, $38; M. Rutan, $35;
“Friends,” $16, for room, Michigan Floor, Stone
Hall, Talladega C. 89.00
Homer. Mrs. C. C. Evarts 5.00
Hopkins Station. D. B. Kidder 5.00
Jackson. First Cong. Ch., to const. Andrew Watson,
Isabella Watson, L. H. Field and Mrs. L. H. Field,
L. M’s. 300.00

Kalamazoo. Plymouth Cong. Ch. 26.40
Marshall. Cong. Ch., for room, Michigan Floor,
Stone Hall, Talladega C. 39.01
North Adams. Cong. Ch. 12.12
Olivet. Hon. William B. Palmer, for room, Michigan
Floor, Stone Hall, Talladega C. 35.00
Olivet. Saml. F. Drury, for Scholarship, Straight U. 10.00
Port Huron. Cong. Sab. Sch., for room, Michigan
Potterville and Chester. Cong. Churches (of which
$5 from Rev. O. E. Murray), for room, Michigan
Union City. Mr. and Mrs. I. M. Clark, for furnishing
room, Stone Hall, Talladega C. 25.00
Warren. “A Friend” 2.00
White Lake. Robert Garner 10.00
IOWA, $308.61.
Anita. Cong. Ch. 3.00
Belle Plain. Cong. Ch. 3.25
Chester Center. Cong. Ch. 29.26
Creston. Pilgrim Cong. Ch., for Student Aid 5.05
Dubuque. James Beach, for Student Aid, Talladega
C. 5.00
De Witt. Cong. Ch. 32.51
Exira. Dea. Lyman Bush 10.00
Farragut. Cong. Ch. 17.50
Grinnell. Cong. Ch. 100.80
Maquoketa. Capt. N. P. Hubbard, $35, for
furnishing room, Stone Hall, Talladega C. and
$15 for Student Aid, Talladega C. 50.00
Ogden. Mrs. A. M. Palmer, for Talladega C. 10.00

Red Oak. Cong. Ch. 10.70
Sergeant’s Bluff. A. M. B. 1.00
Sioux City. Cong. Ch. 15.54
Waterloo. Rev. Clayton Welles, for President’s
House, Talladega, Ala. 15.00
WISCONSIN, $1,300.93.
Appleton. Jared Lanphere 50.00
Beloit. First. Cong. Ch., $175; “N. D. B.”, $5 180.00
Beloit. First Cong. Ch., for Student Aid, Talladega
C. 30.00
Beloit. Benj. Brown, $10; “A Friend,” $10; “Two
Friends,” $7; Second Cong. Ch. $8.05; C. B.
Salmon, J. Ritsher, O. C. Johnson, J. Hackett
and S. J. Goodman, $5 ea.; “A Friend,” $4;
John Ram, $4; J. B. Peet, $3.50; T. W.
Laramie, $3; Fayette Windslow, Mr. Waterman,
Rev. J. McLean, “C. C.,” Mrs. M. E. Bushnell,
Chas. Newburg, H. B. Johnson, “A Friend” and
Mrs. J. W. Abbott, $2 ea.; “A Friend,” $1.40;
Mrs. Keep and daughter, $1.50; 18
Individuals, $1 ea.; also Eleven boxes of
Clothing, Bedding, c., for furnishing,
Talladega C. 113.45
Beloit. C. B. Salmon and Eclipse Wind Engine
Co., Windmill with Force Pump and Pipe, val.
$180, for Talladega C.
Brandon. Cong. Ch. 7.50
Brant. Mrs. E. W. Scott 2.00
Elkhorn. Mrs. Maria C. Hand, to const. Miss Lydia
M. Hand, L. M. 30.00
Fort Howard. Cong. Ch. 25.00
Fox Lake. Cong. Ch. 6.30

Fulton. Two Bundles of C., for Talladega, Ala.
Genesee. Box of C., for Talladega, Ala.
Geneva. E. W. Warner 10.00
Geneva Lake. John W. Boyd, Sidney Buell, Mrs.
Harriet Allen, “Friend,” and Mr. Barnard $5 ea.;
S. J. Nichols Son, $5; W. H. Hammersly, $3;
Walter Allen, D. S. Allen and John McDonald,
$2 ea.; Mrs. C. B. and I. W. $1 ea.; also Box
of C., for furnishing, Talladega C. 41.00
Janesville. First Cong. Ch. 53.02
Milwaukee. Plymouth Ch.: E. R. Persons, Joshua
Start, A. V. H. Carpenter and E. Townshend
Mix. $5 ea.; “A Friend,” $3; “A Friend,” $3;
Anthony Van Wyck, Thomas Buell and J. R.
Brigham, $2 ea.; S. D. V., $1. Spring St. Ch.:
E. D. Holton, $10; Mrs. H. F. Storey, $5; H. E.
Story, $3; J. O. Myers, E. R. Godfrey, M. P.
Houson and D. W. Perkins, $2 ea.; 7
Individuals $1 ea.; Mrs. Dr. A., 50c. Calvary
Ch.: J. Johnson, $5; J. Plankinton, $5; J. B.
Bradford, $2; “Two Friends,” 75c., for
furnishing, Talladega C. 79.25
River Falls. Cong. Ch. 29.66
Troy Centre. Bbl. of C., for Talladega, Ala.
Wauwatosa. Box of C., for Talladega, Ala.
Wauwatosa. Ladies of Cong. Ch., for Lady
Missionary, Talladega, Ala. 6.50
Whitewater. Geo. Esterly, allowance on bill of
furniture, $44; J. S. Partridge, $10; C. M.
Blachman, N. H. Allen, F. W. Tratt, D. S. Cook,
J. W. Denison, S. B. Edwards, N. M. Littlejohn
and Mrs. F. White, $5 each; C. M. Clark, $4;
Mrs. Thomas Basset, $3; Mrs. Nelson
Salesbury, $3; Miss F. White, H. D. Bell, Dr.
118.50

Leland, Capt. McIntyre, Mr. Dexter, E. D. Coe,
R. McBeath and E. B Crandall, $2 each; P. and
G. Trautman, $2; Eight Individuals, $1 each;
also three boxes Clothing, etc. Immanuel Ch.:
H. M. Finch, $10; J. A. Dutcher, $5; J. M
Crumbie, $5; J. R. Goodrich, J. R. Saville,
Willard Merrill, S. P. Burt and E. H. Chandler,
$2 each; P. C. H. and G. W. H. $1 each; R. M.
50c., for furnishing, Talladega C.
Whitewater. Normal School (by purchase for
$25), 1,960 vols. school text books, for
Talladega C.
————
782.18
LEGACIES.
Darien. Estate of Mrs. Lydia L. Sheldon, by
Charles Allen, Ex. 18.75
Monroe. Estate of Mrs. Orissa Wood, by J. L.
Rood, Ex. 500.00
————
1,300.93
MINNESOTA, $44.77.
Afton. Cong. Ch. 12.00
Minneapolis. Plymouth Ch. 25.88
Minneapolis. E. D. First Cong. Ch. 4.39
Spring Valley. Cong. Sab. Sch. 2.50
KANSAS, $28.26.
Council Grove. First Cong. Ch. 5.00
Osawatomie. Cong. Ch. 10.00
Ottawa. Lucy B. Perry 10.00

Wanshara. Cong. Ch. 3.26
NEBRASKA, $34.88.
Camp Creek. Cong. Ch., $3.38; G. F. L., 50c. 3.88
Exeter. Woman’s Missionary Soc., $15; “Cheerful
Givers,” $3 18.00
Fairmont. Cong. Ch. 10.00
Osceola. Cong. Ch. 3.00
INDIAN TERRITORY, 50c.
Darlington. E. G. T. 0.50
CALIFORNIA, $50.50.
Marysville. Miss M. A. F. 0.50
San Francisco. Rev. J. Rowell 50.00
WASHINGTON TER., $5.00.
Seattle. R. McComb 5.00
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Washington. Dr. J. W. Chickering, Bundle of C.
NORTH CAROLINA, $2,250.00.
Raleigh. Sale of School Property 2,250.00
SOUTH CAROLINA, $29.45.
Alameda. Tuition, Books, c. 29.45
TENNESSEE, $381.00.

Nashville. Mrs. A. M. H., 50c.; H. C. G., 50c. 1.00
Chattanooga. Rent 380.00
GEORGIA, $44.75.
Macon. Rent, $9.75; Cong. Ch., $5 14.75
Savannah. Rent 30.00
ALABAMA, $94.90.
Marion. Cong. Ch. 53.05
Mobile. Cong. Ch. 35.00
Selma. Cong. Ch. 4.85
Talladega. Rev. J. B. Grant, for Student Aid,
Talladega C. 2.00
MISSISSIPPI, $4.00.
Tougaloo. Tougaloo U. 4.00
TEXAS, $2.20.
Corpus Christi. First Cong. Ch. 2.20
INCOME FUND, $3,912.00.
Avery Fund, for Mendi M. 2,927.00
C. F. Dike Fund, for Straight U. 50.00
General Fund 50.00
C. F. Hammond Fund 225.00
Le Moyne Fund 660.00
CANADA, $5.00.
Sherbrooke. Rev. A. Duff 5.00
—————

Total 30,417.94
Total from Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th $238,149.52
FOR TILLOTSON COLLEGIATE AND NORMAL INSTITUTE,
AUSTIN, TEXAS.
Bridgeport, Conn. A. L. Winton, $25; Dea. E. W.
Marsh, $20; Edward Sterling, $10 $55.00
Derby, Conn. Miss Sarah A. Hotchkiss 5.00
Hartford, Conn. Roland Mather, $100; Charles
Seymour, $10 110.00
New Haven, Conn. Gen. E. S. Greeley, $250;
Mrs. Atwater Treat, $5 255.00
West Haven, Conn. Cong. Sab. Sch. 25.00
Paterson, N.J. John C. Ryle, $50; George J.
Tillotson, $25 75.00
Grand Rapids, Mich. Ladies’ Home Miss. Soc. of
First Cong. Ch., for furnishing room 30.00
Union City, Mich. I. W. Clark, $5; Individual, $1 6.00
Fox Lake, Wis. “Friends,” Bbl. of C.
————
Total 561.00
Previously acknowledged from Oct. 1st to Aug.
31st 5,084.71
————
Total $5,645.71
FOR MISSIONS IN AFRICA.
From Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th $26,289.62

SCHOLARSHIP FUND.
Streator, Ill. Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Plumb, for Fisk
University 2,000.00
H. W. HUBBARD, Treas.,
56 Reade St., N.Y.

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