Vulnerability and Resilience: Developing Metrics to Measure Sustainable Diets and Food Systems
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This document discusses developing metrics to measure the sustainability of diets and food systems. It outlines a framework that considers vulnerability and resilience, focusing on exposure, sensitivity and resilience of food systems. An expert panel developed the framework and identified key issues and drivers of change. The panel then shortlisted 136 indicators of sustainability through discussions. An online Delphi survey of 51 experts from various backgrounds was used to further evaluate and develop consensus on indicators of sustainable diets and food systems.
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References
IPCC (2012). Summary for Policymakers. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and
Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and
II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1-19.
Fanzo, J., Cogill, B., & F. Mattei (2012). Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems.
Bioversity International, Rome, Italy.
FAO/Bioversity International (2012). Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity. Directions and
solutions for policy, research and actions. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Hansen, J. W. (1996). Is agricultural sustainability a useful concept?. Agricultural systems,
50(2), 117-143.
Prosperi, P., Allen, T., Padilla, M., Peri, I. & B. Cogill (2014). Sustainability and Food &
Nutrition Security: A Vulnerability Assessment Framework for the Mediterranean Region.
Sage Open [forthcoming].
Turner, B. L., Kasperson, R. E., Matson, P. A., McCarthy, J. J., Corell, R. W., Christensen, L., ...
& Schiller, A. (2003). A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science.
Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 100(14), 8074-8079.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/allensustainabledietsresilience2014-140506163534-phpapp02/85/Vulnerability-and-Resilience-Developing-Metrics-to-Measure-Sustainable-Diets-and-Food-Systems-19-320.jpg)
Vulnerability and Resilience: Developing Metrics to Measure Sustainable Diets and Food Systems
- 1. Vulnerability and Resilience: Developing Metrics to Measure Sustainable Diets and Food Systems T. Allen, P. Prosperi, I. Peri, B. Cogill and M. Padilla Resilience 2014 – 7 May 2014 – Montpellier, France
- 2. 2 Address gaps in our understanding of what constitutes sustainable diets Strengthen the evidence base of the role of biodiversity in sustainable diets Identify a process for developing metrics and guidelines aimed at measuring the sustainability of the diets Objectives
- 3. 3 Why metrics? What are metrics? An organized system of information combined to provide a perspective What is counted is what counts... Metrics target three principal objectives: Inform civil society, industry, public officials and all stakeholders Measure progress toward defined goals Aid decision-making processesSource: Fanzo et al. (2012)
- 4. 4 Sequence of activities Developing a Framework Reviewing and listing 1,500 indicators Focus group: Setting up a small panel of experts to discuss framework, shortlist 136 indicators and test an online questionnaire Delphi online survey: Setting up a large panel of experts to discuss framework and identify a suite of 24 indicators A workshop to further discuss key results and gaps
- 5. Framework
- 6. 6 Sustainable diets are those diets with low environmental impacts which contribute to food and nutrition security and to healthy life for present and future generations. Source: FAO and Bioversity International (2012) Sustainable diets protect and respect biodiversity and ecosystems while being culturally acceptable, accessible, affordable, nutritionally adequate, safe, and healthy. A nutrition-driven perspective Developing sustainable solutions to improved nutrition
- 7. 7 A system-orientated approach Diets – and related outcomes – are the results of complex interactions among interdependent components within food systems The concept of sustainability evolved from an approach to agriculture to a system property (Hansen, 1996) Sustainability as the ability of a system to maintain or enhance its essential outcomes over time Preserving essential human and natural assets and the flows of services they provide is key Promoting economically, socially and environmentally sustainable food systems that concurrently ensure food and nutrition security
- 8. 8 A Vulnerability/Resilience Framework Vulnerability, as the degree of loss suffered by a social- ecological system because of a given risk or change (Turner et al., 2003), is a function of: Exposure: Nature and degree to which a system is likely to be affected by the occurrence of a change Sensitivity: Degree to which a system is affected, either adversely or beneficially, by a change Resilience: Ability of a system to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a potentially hazardous event in a timely and efficient manner, including through ensuring the preservation, restoration, or improvement of its essential basic structures and functions. (IPCC, 2012)
- 9. 9 Focus group 1: From drivers to outcomes A major question: ‘Vulnerability/Resilience of what to what?’ Identification of 4 main context-specific food and nutrition security issues Identification of 4 main global and regional drivers of change Source: Adapted from Prosperi et al. (2014)
- 10. Indicators
- 11. 11 Focus group 2: Shortlisting indicators Setting up a long list of indicators derived from the literature Shortlisting 136 indicators discussed during a focus group 8 interactions/3 components
- 12. 12 Focus group 2: Shortlisting indicators
- 13. 13 Focus group 2: Shortlisting indicators
- 14. 14 Focus group 2: Shortlisting indicators Using a Delphi expert consultation protocol Setting up a long list of indicators derived from the literature Shortlisting 136 indicators discussed during a focus group Gaining consensus through an exchange of opinions Recognizing and acknowledging the contribution of each participant within an interpretative paradigm Testing an online Delphi questionnaire
- 15. 15 The Delphi technique An iterative survey of experts: A Delphi technique is a structured group interaction process that is directed in ‘rounds’ of opinion collection and feedback Opinion collection is achieved by conducting a series of surveys using questionnaires The result of each survey are presented to the group – feedback – and the questionnaire used in the next round is built upon the result of the previous round
- 16. 16 Delphi survey – Round 1 51 experts Economists (32%), nutritionists (26%), “Sustainability scientists” (12%), agronomists (10%), environmental scientists (8%), food policy and governance (8%) and food technologists (4%).
- 19. 19 References IPCC (2012). Summary for Policymakers. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1-19. Fanzo, J., Cogill, B., & F. Mattei (2012). Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. FAO/Bioversity International (2012). Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity. Directions and solutions for policy, research and actions. FAO, Rome, Italy. Hansen, J. W. (1996). Is agricultural sustainability a useful concept?. Agricultural systems, 50(2), 117-143. Prosperi, P., Allen, T., Padilla, M., Peri, I. & B. Cogill (2014). Sustainability and Food & Nutrition Security: A Vulnerability Assessment Framework for the Mediterranean Region. Sage Open [forthcoming]. Turner, B. L., Kasperson, R. E., Matson, P. A., McCarthy, J. J., Corell, R. W., Christensen, L., ... & Schiller, A. (2003). A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 100(14), 8074-8079.