7.2.1 Assessing progress in VGCE
- 1. Assessing progress in adaptation in vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems
- 2. Assessingprogressinadaptationinvulnerablegroups, communitiesandecosystems AtechnicalsessionbytheLeastDevelopedCountries ExpertGroup(LEG) andtheNairobiWorkProgramme(NWP) KoreaGlobalAdaptationWeek:NAPExpo2019 Ms. Pauline Probst, Policy Advisor, GIZ, and Ms. Binh Bui My, NAP-Ag coordinator, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development ofVietnam Ms. Xiaoting Hou Jones, Ecosystem-based Adaptation Project Lead; Researcher for Biodiversity and Forest teams, IIED Facilitator: Dr. Dhrupad Choudhury, Chief Scaling Operations, ICIMOD
- 3. Specific areas for explicit attention while formulating NAPs Institutional arrangements: establishing explicit institutional arrangements or incorporating specific provisions within existing arrangements to address the needs of vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems; Mandate: ensure that the NAP mandate explicitly identifies the vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems and how their consideration would be strengthened; Assessment framework: to include the vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems in the assessment criteria; Prioritization of adaptation actions: assigning appropriate criteria that take into account the specific needs of vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems; Implementation of policies, projects and programmes: to implement specific and effective policies, projects and programmes for addressing the vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems where necessary Monitoring and review: to capture the progress made in adaptation of vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems.
- 4. Sample process for NAPs-steps for considering vulnerable groups and communities
- 5. Actions taken by countries Local adaptation plans of action (Nepal) - provisions for vulnerable communities in the national climate change policy of Nepal enabled the design and implementation of adaptation actions targeting vulnerable people. Kenya Isiolo County Climate Change Fund (Kenya)-The National Drought ManagementAuthority set up the Isiolo CountyClimate Change Fund which allows local people to identify actions that increase their resilience to climate change, while financing those actions through the fund.
- 6. Identifying vulnerable groups and communities Criteria for assessing vulnerability Exposure to climate stressors Importance of the vulnerable systems Limited ability to cope or respond to climate related hazards Persistence of vulnerable conditions Presence of other conditions that make societies susceptible to the hazards
- 7. Identifying vulnerable groups and communities The assessment framework for the NAP needs to include the vulnerable groups and communities in order to accurately assess the risks that they are liable to, and hence develop appropriate measures to help alleviate or minimize the risks. Dimensions contributing to resilience - Social protection systems (include welfare, care or benefits that are often provided in the form of cash or in-kind transfers) are targeted at, or include components to, reduce vulnerability to climate change for the most vulnerable groups and communities. Vulnerability varies over space and time due to the multiple factors New climate extremes Demographic dynamics Changes in disease patterns or emergence of new diseases Changes in differentiated responsibilities and rights of men and women
- 8. Identifying vulnerable ecosystems What are vulnerable ecosystems? Unique or rare species Global biodiversity value or significance Fragile ecosystems Indicators for assessing progress in adaptation in vulnerable ecosystems require to document significant ecosystem functions and services
- 9. Metrics/indicators for assessing progress of adaptation Indicators for vulnerable groups and ecosystems should help understand their exposure, reducing their sensitivity, and increasing their adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change. Indicators, hence should measure changes in vulnerability for vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems, while enhancing co-benefits that promote well- being. Indicators should measure the capacity of ecosystems to continue to provide services for local communities, and allow ecosystems to withstand both current and future anticipated climate change impacts and other stressors. Adaptation actions/initiatives that are positively helping these outcomes, could successfully reduce the vulnerability of vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems and the risks they face. Food security; Changes in disease patterns or emergence of new diseases/human health/health care; Social network, cultural capital and education; Gender/social equality/demographic dynamics; Infrastructure, exposure and resilience to shock; Ecosystem health and ecosystem services; Agriculture and farm assets; Water Assessing outcomes such as
- 10. Indicators Outcomes Number of malnourishment cases reported cases per year Case study: Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development (TAMD) in Mozambique Food security Women organized in agricultural cooperatives Case study: Repository of adaptation indicators – Real case examples from national M&E systems – Morocco Gender and social equality Area of sustainably managed land and of restored degraded land Case study: Extended social cost-benefit analysis to evaluate ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ community-based adaptation measures in Niger Ecosystem health Quantity of livestock and number of households with access to water during the dry season Case study: Development of national and sub-national adaptation metrics: lessons from Kenya Water access Example of metrics/indicators for assessing progress of adaptation
- 12. Interactive session What are the metrics/indicators for measuring progress of adaptation of vulnerable communities, groups and ecosystems? Which of these could be utilized and reflected in the outputs of the process to formulate and implement NAPs, to facilitate the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the consideration of vulnerable communities, groups and ecosystems, while ensuring that they are appropriate to the context and incorporate the perspectives of the vulnerable communities, groups and ecosystems? (Recall the guiding principles of NAPs) What are practical steps for countries to use, including those at regional and global level to support the national efforts? What are the specific challenges in assessing and measuring progress in adaptation of vulnerable communities, groups and ecosystems?