Vulnerability Zonation Mapping for Landslides' Occurrence Using GIS and Remote Sensing Methodology: A Case Study in Northwestern Greece
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This document presents a study on landslide vulnerability mapping in northwestern Greece, utilizing GIS and remote sensing methodologies. It details factors contributing to landslide occurrences and describes the development of a comprehensive vulnerability map for the municipality of Pogoni. The findings indicate that Pogoni is less vulnerable compared to neighboring areas, with recommendations for combining low-cost mapping techniques with expert assessments for improved reliability.
![National Technical University of Athens
• “Landslides” are defined as the external or internal movement of a mass
of debris, rock or earth down a slope (mountainside) [1]; [2]
• Certain factors leading to landslide occurrence [3]:
o Soil conditions
o Geomorphological processes
o Natural processes
o Anthropogenic processes
4/17
Landslides (1/2)
[1] Cruden, D. M. (1991). A Simple Definition of a Landslide. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 43,
pp 27-29.
[2] WP/WLI (International Geotechnical Societies’ UNESCO Working Party on World Landslide Inventory). (1991). A Suggested
Method for a Landslide Summary, International Association of Engineering Geology, 43, 101-110.
[3] Koukis G. and Sampatakakis N., 2007. Geology Construction. Papassotiriou Publications, 109-328 (in Greek with English
abstract).
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10thhgsthessalonikiepirus-141108051111-conversion-gate02/85/Vulnerability-Zonation-Mapping-for-Landslides-Occurrence-Using-GIS-and-Remote-Sensing-Methodology-A-Case-Study-in-Northwestern-Greece-4-320.jpg)
![National Technical University of Athens
a. (falls) b. (topplings) c. (spreads)
d. (rotational slide) e. (translational slide) f. (flow)
5/17
Landslides (2/2)
Figure 1: Types of Landslides [4]
[4] Varnes, D. J. (1978). Slope Movement Types and Processes. Landslides: Analysis and Control, Special Report.
Published by National Academy of Sciences,Washington, pp 11-33.
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10thhgsthessalonikiepirus-141108051111-conversion-gate02/85/Vulnerability-Zonation-Mapping-for-Landslides-Occurrence-Using-GIS-and-Remote-Sensing-Methodology-A-Case-Study-in-Northwestern-Greece-5-320.jpg)
![National Technical University of Athens
• Factors are likely to cause landslides [5]; [6]:
o Slope gradient
o Land covers
o Lithology
o Distance from roads
o Distance from hydrographic network
o Altitude
o Slope Orientation
6/17
Data collection and processing
[5] Budetta, P., Santo, A. & Vivenzio, F. (2008). Landslide hazard mapping along the coastline of the Cilento region (Italy) by means of a GIS-based
parameter rating approach. Geomorphology, 94 (3-4), pp 340-352.
[6] Yalcin, A., Reis, S., Aydinoglou, A. C. & Yomralioglou, T. (2011). A GIS-based comparative study of frequency ratio, analytical hierarchy
process, bivariate statistics and logistics regression methods for landslide susceptibility mapping in Trabzon, NE Turkey. CATENA, 85 (3), pp
274-287.
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10thhgsthessalonikiepirus-141108051111-conversion-gate02/85/Vulnerability-Zonation-Mapping-for-Landslides-Occurrence-Using-GIS-and-Remote-Sensing-Methodology-A-Case-Study-in-Northwestern-Greece-6-320.jpg)
![National Technical University of Athens
• For the seven individual maps are defined weighting coefficients [7]
according to Table 1:
Linear function
Rα=Σ Wi Xi
Cumulative
vulnerability
13/17
Methodology (7/7)
- Linear combination of maps -
Factor Weighting coefficients Percentage
Slope gradient 0,35 35%
Land covers 0,2 20%
Lithology 0,15 15%
Distance from road 0,1 10%
Distance from
hydrographic network
branch
0,1 10%
Altitude 0,06 6%
Slope orientation 0,04 4%
map
Table 1: Weighting coefficients of the factors
[7] Galanos I. and Kolokoussis P., 2010. Creation of hazard zones event landslides map in mountainous Naxos using the methodology of remote sensing
in GIS environment. 6th Interdisciplinary Interuniversity Conference of the NTUAand MIRC of the NTUA "INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF MOUNTAIN
AREAS" (in Greek with English abstract).
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10thhgsthessalonikiepirus-141108051111-conversion-gate02/85/Vulnerability-Zonation-Mapping-for-Landslides-Occurrence-Using-GIS-and-Remote-Sensing-Methodology-A-Case-Study-in-Northwestern-Greece-13-320.jpg)
![National Technical University of Athens
• Comparison with data from previous research projects on landslides in areas of
Metsovo [8] and Zagoria [9] (Diag. 1):
Metsovo
Zagoria
Pogoni
15/17
Comparison to other regions in Epirus
Landslide vulnerability zones in regions in Epirus
21
71
46 43 50
8
24
33
4
Low Moderate High
Vulnerability level
Diagram 1: Comparison of landslide vulnerability zones in regions in Epirus
100
80
60
40
20
0
Surface (%)
percentage
[8] Farmakaki A., 2011. Vulnerability maps to prevent landslides. The contribution of NTUA to the integrated development of the Municipality of
Metsovo. Interdisciplinary Research Center (M.I.R.C.), National Technical University of Athens (N.T.U.A.), 185-198 (in Greek with English abstract).
[9] Verroiou k. and Stergiou S., 2013. Putting "brake" on landslides of Zagoria. The contribution of NTUA in the integrated development of Zagoria.
Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center (M.I.R.C.), National Technical University of Athens (N.T.U.A.), 154-180 (in Greek with English abstract).
10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society:
“Geography in an era of crisis”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10thhgsthessalonikiepirus-141108051111-conversion-gate02/85/Vulnerability-Zonation-Mapping-for-Landslides-Occurrence-Using-GIS-and-Remote-Sensing-Methodology-A-Case-Study-in-Northwestern-Greece-15-320.jpg)
Vulnerability Zonation Mapping for Landslides' Occurrence Using GIS and Remote Sensing Methodology: A Case Study in Northwestern Greece
- 1. National Technical University of Athens Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center (M.I.R.C.) School of Rural and Surveying Engineering Interdisciplinary Interdepartmental Master of Science (MSc): “Environment and Development of Mountainous Areas” Vulnerabi l i ty Zonat ion Mapping for Lands l ides ' Oc cur rence Us ing GIS and Remote Sens ing Methodology: A Case Study in Nor thwes tern Greece Kosmas Stampoulidis, Postgraduate Student 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis” Thessaloniki, 22–24 October 2014
- 2. National Technical University of Athens • Landslides • Methodology • Landslide vulnerability map • Conclusions 2/17 Structure 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 3. 3/17 Introduction Landslides: characteristic of mountainous areas Research for identifying sensitive areas Contribution to design of development strategies in mountainous areas National Technical University of Athens 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 4. National Technical University of Athens • “Landslides” are defined as the external or internal movement of a mass of debris, rock or earth down a slope (mountainside) [1]; [2] • Certain factors leading to landslide occurrence [3]: o Soil conditions o Geomorphological processes o Natural processes o Anthropogenic processes 4/17 Landslides (1/2) [1] Cruden, D. M. (1991). A Simple Definition of a Landslide. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 43, pp 27-29. [2] WP/WLI (International Geotechnical Societies’ UNESCO Working Party on World Landslide Inventory). (1991). A Suggested Method for a Landslide Summary, International Association of Engineering Geology, 43, 101-110. [3] Koukis G. and Sampatakakis N., 2007. Geology Construction. Papassotiriou Publications, 109-328 (in Greek with English abstract). 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 5. National Technical University of Athens a. (falls) b. (topplings) c. (spreads) d. (rotational slide) e. (translational slide) f. (flow) 5/17 Landslides (2/2) Figure 1: Types of Landslides [4] [4] Varnes, D. J. (1978). Slope Movement Types and Processes. Landslides: Analysis and Control, Special Report. Published by National Academy of Sciences,Washington, pp 11-33. 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 6. National Technical University of Athens • Factors are likely to cause landslides [5]; [6]: o Slope gradient o Land covers o Lithology o Distance from roads o Distance from hydrographic network o Altitude o Slope Orientation 6/17 Data collection and processing [5] Budetta, P., Santo, A. & Vivenzio, F. (2008). Landslide hazard mapping along the coastline of the Cilento region (Italy) by means of a GIS-based parameter rating approach. Geomorphology, 94 (3-4), pp 340-352. [6] Yalcin, A., Reis, S., Aydinoglou, A. C. & Yomralioglou, T. (2011). A GIS-based comparative study of frequency ratio, analytical hierarchy process, bivariate statistics and logistics regression methods for landslide susceptibility mapping in Trabzon, NE Turkey. CATENA, 85 (3), pp 274-287. 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 7. 7/17 National Technical University of Athens Methodology (1/7) 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 8. 8/17 National Technical University of Athens Methodology (2/7) Digital terrain model (GDEM) Slope gradient Figure 2: Vulnerability map due to slope gradient 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 9. 9/17 National Technical University of Athens Methodology (3/7) Supervised classification Land covers Figure 3: Vulnerability map due to land covers 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 10. 10/17 National Technical University of Athens Methodology (4/7) Digitization of geological maps Lithology Figure 4: Vulnerability map due to lithology 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 11. 11/17 Methodology (5/7) Vector models Figure 5: Vulnerability map due to road network Road & Hydrographic network Figure 6: Vulnerability map due to hydrographic network National Technical University of Athens 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 12. Digital terrain model (GDEM) Altitude & Slope orientation 12/17 Methodology (6/7) Figure 7: Vulnerability map due to altitude Figure 8: Vulnerability map due to slope orientation National Technical University of Athens 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 13. National Technical University of Athens • For the seven individual maps are defined weighting coefficients [7] according to Table 1: Linear function Rα=Σ Wi Xi Cumulative vulnerability 13/17 Methodology (7/7) - Linear combination of maps - Factor Weighting coefficients Percentage Slope gradient 0,35 35% Land covers 0,2 20% Lithology 0,15 15% Distance from road 0,1 10% Distance from hydrographic network branch 0,1 10% Altitude 0,06 6% Slope orientation 0,04 4% map Table 1: Weighting coefficients of the factors [7] Galanos I. and Kolokoussis P., 2010. Creation of hazard zones event landslides map in mountainous Naxos using the methodology of remote sensing in GIS environment. 6th Interdisciplinary Interuniversity Conference of the NTUAand MIRC of the NTUA "INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF MOUNTAIN AREAS" (in Greek with English abstract). 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 14. 14/17 National Technical University of Athens Final landslide vulnerability map Figure 9: Landslide vulnerability map for the Municipality of Pogoni 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 15. National Technical University of Athens • Comparison with data from previous research projects on landslides in areas of Metsovo [8] and Zagoria [9] (Diag. 1): Metsovo Zagoria Pogoni 15/17 Comparison to other regions in Epirus Landslide vulnerability zones in regions in Epirus 21 71 46 43 50 8 24 33 4 Low Moderate High Vulnerability level Diagram 1: Comparison of landslide vulnerability zones in regions in Epirus 100 80 60 40 20 0 Surface (%) percentage [8] Farmakaki A., 2011. Vulnerability maps to prevent landslides. The contribution of NTUA to the integrated development of the Municipality of Metsovo. Interdisciplinary Research Center (M.I.R.C.), National Technical University of Athens (N.T.U.A.), 185-198 (in Greek with English abstract). [9] Verroiou k. and Stergiou S., 2013. Putting "brake" on landslides of Zagoria. The contribution of NTUA in the integrated development of Zagoria. Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center (M.I.R.C.), National Technical University of Athens (N.T.U.A.), 154-180 (in Greek with English abstract). 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 16. 16/17 National Technical University of Athens Conclusions • The methodology was applied: o is a low cost technique which can be used in other applications (e.g., precision agriculture) o should be combined with spot checks by scientific experts (high cost technique), for more reliable conclusions • In comparison with neighboring areas, Pogoni is less vulnerable • High rate risk occurs in areas where anthropogenic activities exist 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”
- 17. 17/17 National Technical University of Athens Thank you for your attention! Questions? 10th International Congress of the Hellenic Geographical Society: “Geography in an era of crisis”