VXLAN in the contemporary data center
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The document discusses network virtualization technologies used in contemporary virtualized data centers. It describes how software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), and network virtualization (NV) can alleviate increased network demands from server, storage, and network virtualization. Specifically, it outlines virtual extensible local area network (VXLAN) as a common network overlay technique, how it encapsulates and transports virtualized layer 2 frames over layer 3 networks using VXLAN tunnel end points (VTEPs) and a VXLAN network identifier (VNI). VXLAN aims to solve limitations of spanning trees, VLAN ranges, and switch table sizes in multi-tenant environments.
VXLAN in the contemporary data center
- 1. Sept 24, 2014 Anthony Chow (@vCloudernBeer)
- 2. A contemporary data center is a virtualized data center: Server virtualization Storage virtualization Network virtualization A dynamic and agile environment. It increases demand for the network. Uses various solutions to alleviate the increase demand for the network.
- 3. • Are these the solutions? Software Defined Networking (SDN) Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Network Virtualization (NV) • IT vendor quick to claim to have a SDN solution.
- 4. A framework Separation of control and data plane Commercial SDN Controllers: Cisco - Application Policy Infrastructure Controller HP - Virtual Application Networks (VAN) Controller NEC - ProgrammableFlow PF6800 Controller Nuage Networks - Virtualized Services Controller VMware - NSX Controller
- 5. Closely related to SDN Network Services (Layer-4 to Layer-7) Firewall Load Balancer VPN IDS/IPS Run as virtual machine Dynamic network provisioning and orchestration. Service chaining
- 6. Network virtualization abstracts networking from the physical network. Provides logical isolation on a physical network Network Virtualization technologies: VLAN for Layer-2 networks VRF for Layer-3 networks Network Overlays
- 7. One form of Network Virtualization Tunnels between end points are created on existing physical networks (usually an IP infrastructure). Using existing network infrastructure. Common Types of network overlay: Virtual Extensible LAN (VXAN) Network Virtualization using Generic Encapsulation (NVGRE) Stateless Transport Tunneling (STT) Network Virtualization Overlay 3 (NVO3)
- 8. Encapsulation VTEP VNI VTEP Gateway IP Multicast
- 13. Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN): A Framework for Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2 Networks over Layer 3 Networks Problems VXLAN is designed to solve Limitations Imposed by Spanning Tree and VLAN Ranges Multi-tenant Environment Inadequate Table Sizes at ToR Switch
- 14. RFC 7348 outlines the following rules for VXLAN: Each overlay is termed a VXLAN segment. Only VMs within the same VXLAN segment can communicate with each other Each VXLAN segment is identified by a 24-bit segment ID (VNI). VNI identifies the scope of the inner MAC frame originated by the individual VM VNI is an outer header that encapsulates the inner MAC frame originated by the individual VM. VXLAN segment and VXLAN overlay network are interchangeable in the RFC. VXLAN tunnels are stateless connection between 2 end points. Each end point is called a VXLAN Tunnel End Point (VTEP) VTEP can be implemented on a virtual switch, physical switch or physical server either on hardware or software. Use of data plane learning. Multicast is used for carrying unknown destination, broadcast and multicast frames (BUM traffic). VTEPs MUST NOT fragment VXLAN packets.