Water pollution lecture
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This document discusses various types and sources of water pollution including point sources like factories and nonpoint sources like urban runoff. It describes how pollution can affect water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Key pollutants are discussed such as nutrients, pathogens, and chemicals. Solutions to water pollution problems are presented including improved sewage treatment, use of wetlands, and individual actions people can take to reduce pollution.
Water pollution lecture
- 2. Types and Sources of Water Pollution Point sources Nonpoint sources Biological oxygen demandWater qualityWater quality WaterWater QualityQuality GoodGood 8-98-9 Do (ppm) at 20˚CDo (ppm) at 20˚C SlightlySlightly pollutedpolluted ModeratelyModerately pollutedpolluted HeavilyHeavily pollutedpolluted GravelyGravely pollutedpolluted 6.7-86.7-8 4.5-6.74.5-6.7 Below 4.5Below 4.5 Below 4Below 4 Pg. 535
- 3. Point and Nonpoint Sources NONPOINT SOURCES Urban streets Suburban development Wastewater treatment plant Rural homes Cropland Factory Animal feedlot POINT SOURCES
- 4. Water pollution Bacteria,Viruses,Protozoa, Parasitic worms Oxygen demanding substances Inorganic plant nutrients Organic chemicals Sediment or suspended matter Thermal pollution Genetic pollution
- 5. Rainbow smelt 1.04 ppm Zooplankton 0.123 ppm Phytoplankton 0.0025 ppm Water 0.000002 ppm Herring gull 124 ppm Lake trout 4.83 ppm Herring gull eggs 124 ppm Biological Magnification Biological Magnification
- 6. Pollution of Streams Oxygen sag curveOxygen sag curve Fig. 20-5
- 7. Pollution of Lakes Eutrophication Discharge of untreated municipal sewage (nitrates and phosphates) Nitrogen compounds produced by cars and factories Discharge of treated municipal sewage (primary and secondary treatment: nitrates and phosphates) Discharge of detergents ( phosphates) Natural runoff (nitrates and phosphates Manure runoff From feedlots (nitrates and Phosphates, ammonia) Dissolving of nitrogen oxides (from internal combustion engines and furnaces) Runoff and erosion (from from cultivation, mining, construction, and poor land use) Runoff from streets, lawns, and construction lots (nitrates and phosphates) Lake ecosystem nutrient overload and breakdown of chemical cycling Fig .22.7, p. 499
- 8. Solutions to better water quality Drainage Area Management Plans Agriculture plots 1987 Water Quality Act
- 9. Fig. 20-12 Aquifer Water well Migrating vapor phase Contaminant plume moves with the groundwater Free gasoline dissolves in groundwater (dissolved phase) Groundwater flow Water table Gasoline leakage plume (liquid phase) Leaking tank Bedrock
- 10. Groundwater Pollution: Causes Coal strip mine runoff Pumping well Waste lagoon Accidental spills Groundwater flow Confined aquifer Discharge Leakage from faulty casing Hazardous waste injection well Pesticides Gasoline station Buried gasoline and solvent tank Sewer Cesspool septic tank De-icing road salt Unconfined freshwater aquifer Confined freshwater aquifer Water pumping well Landfill Fig. 20-11
- 11. Groundwater Pollution Prevention Monitoring aquifers Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal Storing hazardous materials above ground
- 12. Fig. 21-10, p. 505 Healthy zone Clear, oxygen-rich waters promote growth of plankton and sea grasses, and support fish. Oxygen-depleted zone Sedimentation and algae overgrowth reduce sunlight, kill beneficial sea grasses, use up oxygen, and degrade habitat. Red tides Excess nitrogen causes explosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algae, poisoning fish and marine mammals. Farms Runoff of pesticides, manure, and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus. Toxic sediments Chemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds, kill spawning fish, and accumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders. Construction sites Sediments are washed into waterways, choking fish and plants, clouding waters, and blocking sunlight. Urban sprawl Bacteria and viruses from sewers and septic tanks contaminate shellfish beds Oxygen-depleted zone Closed beach Cities Toxic metals and oil from streets and parking lots pollute waters; Industry Nitrogen oxides from autos and smokestacks, toxic chemicals, and heavy metals in effluents flow into bays and estuaries. Closed shellfish beds Fig. 20-15
- 13. Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment Primary and Secondary sewage treatment. Figure 20-19Figure 20-19
- 14. Technological Approach: Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage (( (( 45 centimeter layer of limestone gravel coated with decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool SewageSewage Wetland typeWetland type plantsplants Wetland typeWetland type plantsplants TreatedTreated waterwater
- 15. Global Outlook: Stream Pollution in Developing Countries Water in many of central China's rivers are greenish black from uncontrolled pollution by thousands of factories. Figure 20-7Figure 20-7
- 16. Case Study: India’s Ganges River: Religion, Poverty, and Health Religious beliefs, cultural traditions, poverty, and a large population interact to cause severe pollution of the Ganges River in India. Very little of the sewage is treated. Hindu believe in cremating the dead to free the soul and throwing the ashes in the holy Ganges. Some are too poor to afford the wood to fully cremate. Decomposing bodies promote disease and depletes DO.
- 17. Case Study: India’s Ganges River: Religion, Poverty, and Health Daily, more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe, drink from, or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River.
- 18. Is Bottled Water the Answer? Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much more. 1.4 million metric tons of plastic bottles are thrown away. Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles. The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the U.S. each year would fuel 100,000 cars.
- 19. What Can You Do? Water Pollution • Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer. • Minimize your use of pesticides. • Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water. • Grow or buy organic foods. • Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated. Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water. • Compost your food wastes. • Do not use water fresheners in toilets. • Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet. • Do not pour pesticides, paints, solvents, oil, antifreeze, or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground.
Editor's Notes
- #3: Water quality indication of what beneficial uses of water- spawning, recreation, swimming,drinking.
- #5: Bacteria viruses Eat oxygen, phosphates, heat, introduction of non native species Table 19-2 tells all the things from bacteria,…vomiting, diarreha,dehydration
- #6: Why we need good water quality. Higher in food chain means more concentrated is contamination. Where are we on the food chain. Why Audobuan society devotes money to water quality. To protect birds.
- #8: Aging of lakes
- #9: DAMP- street sweeping, stenciling, public education- Agriculture plots not on steep slope leads to water or have some sort of buffer zone. 1987 Water Quality Act--Main goals to make U.S. waters safe for fishing and swimming. Restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of nations waters. Ÿ1995 EPA developed discharge trading policy. Much like the sulfur dioxide Ÿtrading policy for air pollution. Industrial plants to sell excess credits. ŸGood news--Fishable and swimmable 36%62% Ÿ bad news-antiquated sewage systems--Earth Tech fund--build and maintain.
- #10: Figure 21.8 Natural capital degradation: groundwater contamination from a leaking gasoline tank. As the contaminated water spreads from its source in a widening plume, it can be extracted by wells used to provide water for drinking and irrigation.
- #13: Figure 21.10 Natural capital degradation: residential areas, factories, and farms all contribute to the pollution of coastal waters and bays. According to the UN Environment Programme, coastal water pollution costs the world $16 billion annually—$731,000 a minute—due to ill health and premature death. Stop 10:30
- #18: Stop 1:00
- #20: Figure 21.19 Individuals matter: ways to help reduce water pollution. QUESTION: Which three of these actions do you think are the most important?