Water resources engineering i. irrigation-module 1
Download as PPTX, PDF2 likes722 views
This document outlines the goals, objectives, and key topics of a course on water resources engineering and irrigation. The course aims to introduce students to concepts of soil, water, and plants as they relate to irrigation system design, planning, and management. It seeks to help students understand crop water requirements and develop skills to plan, design, and analyze irrigation and drainage projects. Some of the main topics covered include the basics of irrigation engineering, considerations for planning irrigation systems, different irrigation techniques, and factors important for understanding irrigation such as soil science, hydrology, and plant-water relations.
Water resources engineering i. irrigation-module 1
- 1. D R . R A J M O H A N S I N G H , M N N I T A L L A H A B A D WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING-I : IRRIGATION-MODULE-1-1
- 2. OUTLINE • COURSE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES • BASICS IN IRRIGATION ENGINEERING • CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS • IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY • WATER REQUIREMENTS
- 3. CHAPTER ONE: COURSE GOALS This course goals: (i) To introduce students the basic concepts of soil, water, plants, their interactions, as well as irrigation and drainage systems design, planning and management. (ii) To develop analytical skills relevant to the areas mentioned in (i) above, particularly the design of irrigation and drainage projects.
- 4. COURSE OBJECTIVES On Completion of this course, students should be able to: (i) Understand the basic soil-plant-water parameters related to irrigation (ii) Understand how to estimate the quantity of water required by crops (iii) Be able to plan and design irrigation and drainage projects.
- 5. COURSE OBJECTIVES CONTINUE.. (iv) Understand the computer applications in irrigation and drainage designs. (v) Design channels and other irrigation structures required for irrigation, drainage, soil conservation, flood control and other water-management projects.
- 6. OBJECTIVES OF IRRIGATION • To Supply Water Partially or Totally for Crop Need • To Cool both the Soil and the Plant • To Leach Excess Salts • To improve Groundwater storage • To Facilitate continuous cropping • To Enhance Fertilizer Application- Fertigation
- 7. TO UNDERSTAND IRRIGATION, ONE NEEDS KNOWLEDGE OF: • Basic Soil Science/Physics • Plants • Water • Plant/Soil/Water Relations • Hydraulics • Hydrology • General Engineering Principles
- 8. BASICS IN IRRIGATION ENGINEERING IRRIGATION ENGINEERING: Involves • Conception, • Planning, • Design, • Construction, • Operation and • Management of an irrigation system. • An irrigation engineer has theoretical (basics and advance knowledge of irrigation engineering) as well as practical training in planning, design, construction, operation and management of irrigation systems.
- 9. CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS i) Location: The main point to consider in locating an irrigation project is the need to investigate available resources in the area e.g. • Climate, • Adequate water in quality and quantity, • Land with good agricultural potential and • Good topography, • Availability of labour (sophisticated or not), • Land tenure, • Marketing, • Transport facilities etc.
- 10. CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS CONTINUE… ii) Crops to be grown: Should be determined by available resources as well as marketability of the crops especially in terms of what people like to eat. iii) Water Supply: (a) Sources of water (b) Quantity and quality of water (c) Engineering works necessary to obtain water e.g. if underground, pumping is needed (d) Conveyance System: can be by gravity e.g. open channels or canals or by closed conduits e.g. pipes. • (e) Water measuring devices e.g. weirs, orifice, flumes, current meters
- 11. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS iv) Systems of Applying Water: Break up in % e.g. Surface (90% worldwide), Sprinkler(5%), Trickle and Sub-irrigation(5%). v) Water Demand: The water requirement for the given crop has to be determined. This is by calculating the evapotranspiration (to be treated later) vi) Project Management: Consider how to manage the irrigation system