Sound is created by vibrations or waves that pass through matter and are detectable by the human ear. Waves have key properties including frequency measured in Hertz which is the number of times the wave repeats in a second, amplitude which is the strength of the wave measured from peak to centerline, and phasing which refers to whether the peaks and troughs of two waves are aligned or out of phase with each other. The human ear can detect frequencies between 20-20,000 Hz, with lower frequencies being omni-directional and higher frequencies being highly directional.