Web driver training
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This document provides an overview of WebDriver and its APIs. WebDriver is a browser automation tool that directly controls the browser using native browser capabilities rather than relying on JavaScript. It has object-oriented APIs for Java, C#, Python, Ruby and supports mobile browsers. The document outlines WebDriver's history and architecture, describes common APIs for controlling the browser, finding elements, and interacting with elements. It also provides examples of implicit and explicit waits, handling popups/alerts, and backward compatibility with Selenium 1.
![Finding Dynamic Elements
Does the ID of your element dynamically change?
<p id="bootcamp_dynamic_1234">This p tag has a dynamic id</p>
Xpath notation to find the p tag on the page
"//p[contains(@id,'bootcamp_dynamic_')]"](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/webdrivertraining-150219023250-conversion-gate02/85/Web-driver-training-11-320.jpg)
![Locator Strategies
ID
webDriver.findElement(By.id("logo"));
Name
webDriver.findElement(By.name("q"));
Tag Name
webDriver.findElement(By.tagName("H1"));
Class name
webDriver.findElements(By.className("sponsor_logos"));
XPath
webDriver.findElement(By.xpath("//section[@id=‘miniconfs’]/a[2]"));
Link Text
webDriver.findElements(By.linkText("About"));
Partial Link Text
webDriver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("visitcanberra"));
12](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/webdrivertraining-150219023250-conversion-gate02/85/Web-driver-training-12-320.jpg)
Web driver training
- 1. WebDriver Training Trainer: Dipesh Bhatewara www.digitalinfobytes.com
- 2. History 2 2004 2007 2009 2011 Selenium 1 WebDriver Selenium2
- 3. WebDriver Is a Self Contained Library of APIs Uses browser capabilities over injected JavaScripts “Best fit” technology Clean & Object Oriented API Easy to maintain Faster than Selenium 1 Tightly bound to the browser, no need of Selenium Server Bindings : Java, C#, Python, Ruby Android and iPhone support 3
- 4. Selenium Server in Selenium2 Replicate Selenium RC functionalities Remote WebDriver Selenium Grid 2 4
- 6. API – Must Know Webdriver – Control Browser Webdriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebElement – works with elements on page WebElement username = driver.findElement(By.id(“user”));
- 7. API – Must Know void get(“url”) - open the web page void quit() - close the browser List<WebElement> findElements(By by) - find elements (more than one element)
- 8. API – Find Elements There are many different ways to find elements By.id(“objectId”) By.linkText(“textUsedInTheLink”) By.partialLinkText(“partOftextUsedInTheLink”) By.tagName(“HTMLNodeTag”) By.className(“cssClassOnObject”) By.cssSelector(“cssSelectorOfElement”) By.xpath(“//xpath/To/Element”) By.name(“elementName”)
- 9. API - Operations void click() - click on an element void submit() - perform a submit String getValue() – returns value set in the element void sendKeys(“keysToSend”) - input values void clear() - clear the input field String getElementName() – returns value of Name of the element String getAttriubute() – returns value of specified attribute of the element void Actions() - perform mouse, drag and drops and keyboard operations www.time2test.co.uk !
- 10. API - windows and frames working with Browser Windows driver.getWindowHandles() driver.switchTo().window.(“window_name”) Working with frames • driver.switchTo().frame.(“frame_name”)
- 11. Finding Dynamic Elements Does the ID of your element dynamically change? <p id="bootcamp_dynamic_1234">This p tag has a dynamic id</p> Xpath notation to find the p tag on the page "//p[contains(@id,'bootcamp_dynamic_')]"
- 12. Locator Strategies ID webDriver.findElement(By.id("logo")); Name webDriver.findElement(By.name("q")); Tag Name webDriver.findElement(By.tagName("H1")); Class name webDriver.findElements(By.className("sponsor_logos")); XPath webDriver.findElement(By.xpath("//section[@id=‘miniconfs’]/a[2]")); Link Text webDriver.findElements(By.linkText("About")); Partial Link Text webDriver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("visitcanberra")); 12
- 13. Sample Codes Clicking Button/Link/CheckBox Type in Textbox driver.findElement(By.id("submitButton")). click(); driver.findElement(By.name("fname")).sendKeys ("My First Name");
- 14. Sample Codes Selecting from Drop Down/Radio button <select id="44"> <option value="1">xyz</option> <option value="2">abc</option> <option value="3">pqr</option> </select> WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.id("44")); Select selectElement=new Select(e); // both of the below statements will select first option in the weblist selectElement.selectByVisibleText("xyz"); selectElement.selectByValue("1");
- 15. Sample Codes Store text of targeted element Get page title String dropdown = driver.findElement(By.tagName("select")).getText(); driver.getTitle();
- 16. Sample Code for Demonstration 16
- 17. Let’s code Try the commands seen on your application under test using Selenium, Java, TestNG and Eclipse Eclipse-Java-Selenium environment setup Reference - http://qastuff.blogspot.in/2012/03/setting-up-selenium-web-driver- eclipse.html 17
- 18. Page Interactions webElement.click() webElement.sendKeys(...) webElement.submit() Actions class -> Mouse Events / Drag and Drop 18
- 19. Advanced: Waits in Webdriver Waiting is having the automated task execution elapse a certain amount of time before continuing with the next step. Worst way of waiting is Thread.sleep();
- 20. Advanced Example: Implicit Wait An implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the WebDriver object instance. WebDriver webdriver = new FirefoxDriver(); webdriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); webdriver.get("http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading"); WebElement myDynamicElement = webdriver.findElement(By.id("myDynamicElement"));
- 21. Advanced Example: Explicit Wait An explicit waits is code you define to wait for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code. WebElement myDynamicElement = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("myDynamicE lement"))); WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("someid")));
- 22. Some conditions for Explicit wait ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(locator); ExpectedConditions.invisibilityOfElementLocated(locator); ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent(); ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(locator); ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElement(locator, text); ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(element);
- 23. Advanced Examples Capture Screenshot File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType. FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("D:screenshot.jpg"));
- 24. Best Practice To use implicit wait and explicit wait together Define implicit wait for driver after initialization This will define default implicit wait time frame for all findElements At the special places requiring more time, use explicit wait
- 25. Additional useful commands Polling the DOM for N seconds webDriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); Testing CSS properties webElement.getCssValue(“height”); Javascript execution JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) webDriver; Long value = (Long) js.executeScript("return window.scrollY"); Navigation webDriver.navigate().back(); webDriver.navigate().forward(); webDriver.navigate().to(“url”); 25
- 26. Assignment Fill the form of registration on a test website of your choice. Run it on different browsers. Try to use waits. 26
- 27. Pop-up/Alert handling Pop up window driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); Alerts alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); alert.Accept(); alert.Dismiss(); Sample code Reference - http://qastuff.blogspot.in/2012/05/switch-to- window-smart-way.html 27
- 28. Backward Compatibility with Selenium 1 Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(webDriver, “http://osdc.com.au”); selenium.open("http://osdc.com.au"); selenium.click("id=follow_twitter"); selenium.waitForPageToLoad("10000"); WebDriver webDriver = ((WebDriverBackedSelenium) selenium).getUnderlyingWebDriver(); 28
- 29. Dipesh Bhatewara Test Automation and Agile enthusiast. LinkedIn -https://in.linkedin.com/pub/dipesh-bhatewara/2/498/612/en Blog - http://qastuff.blogspot.in/, www.digitalinfobytes.com Email - dipesh.bhatewara@outlook.com