Web For All
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This document discusses web accessibility and the Hong Kong government's efforts to promote inclusive digital services. It provides an overview of the Digital 21 strategy, what web accessibility is, why it is important, and major concerns from persons with disabilities. It also covers international web accessibility standards, practices in other governments, Hong Kong's web accessibility campaign and how to start a web accessibility project. The goal is to make digital services accessible to all, including those with disabilities.
Web For All
- 1. Office of the Government Chief Information Officer Web For All Digital Inclusion Divison March 2012
- 2. Agenda • Digital 21 Strategy and Inclusive Society • What is Web Accessibility? • Why Web Accessibility? • Major Concerns from Persons with Disabilities with Recommendations • International Standard • International & Government practices • Web Accessibility Campaign • Start your Web Accessibility Project
- 3. Digital 21 Strategy & Inclusive Society One of five key areas of 2008 Digital 21 Strategy • Building an inclusive, knowledge-based society • bring the benefit of ICT to disadvantaged groups • enhance their quality of life • strengthen their capacity in engaging with the development of information society
- 4. What is Web Accessibility? • Making website content available for ALL • Including persons with disabilities
- 5. What is Web Accessibility? • An accessible website － Is perceivable Can be used with Provides Reduces assistive device additional impediments descriptions •Adjustable •Screen reader •Text •Some people font size transcript for have •Input devices multi-media difficulties •Sufficient for persons contents using the colour with disabilities mouse contrast •Voice control •Audio software control
- 6. Why Web Accessibility? • Equal opportunities • for persons with disabilities, elderly, etc. • Social responsibility • Widest possible reach-out • Lower costs in the long term
- 7. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations • Engage rehabilitation organisations • Receive surveys from over 300 persons with disabilities • Understand major problems in accessing websites
- 8. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations 1. Unable to skip Adobe Flash and moving objects
- 9. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations 2. Small font sizes or insufficient colour contrast
- 10. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations • Example 1 – Resize Text All text can be resized up to 200% Cannot resize text Can resize text
- 11. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations • Example 2 – Colour Contrast Contrast ratio of at least 1: 4.5 Poor background contrast Easier to read with higher contrast
- 12. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations 3. No alternatives for non-text information • Descriptive text alternative for image Web Accessibility • Text transcripts for audio Management Handbook and video
- 13. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations • Example 3 – Avoid Non-text Content Text alternative for all content Screen reader can not Description of the picture can read the picture be read by screen reader
- 14. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations 4. Complicated website structure Complicated website structure Simpler and ordered website structure
- 15. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations 5. Missing heading structure • Provide appropriate heading structure for screen readers Missing heading structure Appropriate heading structure
- 16. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations 6. Images of text • Do NOT use images to display text as screen readers cannot read text inside an image An image of text heading Text heading
- 17. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations 7. Content and functions inaccessible by keyboard • Ensure all content and functions can be accessed via a keyboard, e.g. through Tab key and the Enter key
- 18. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations 8. Websites with background audio
- 19. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations 9. Difficulties in accessing PDF documents PDF documents not accessible Text-based accessible PDF
- 20. Major concerns from persons with disabilities with recommendations 10. Outdated text versions • Keep the text-only versions updated • Prevent asymmetrical contents with the graphical versions • When graphical version is verified to be accessible, text-only version may be considered to remove
- 21. International Standard • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) • International widely adopted standard • Latest version is 2.0
- 22. International Standard • W3C WCAG 2.0 consist of four parts 4 Principles 12 Guidelines 61 Success Criteria Many Techniques
- 23. Guidelines for Perceivable 1.1 Provide text alternatives for any non-text content so that it can be changed into other forms people need. 1.2 Provide alternatives for time-based media. 1.3 Create content that can be presented in different ways without losing information or structure. 1.4 Make it easier for users to see and hear content including separating foreground from background.
- 24. Guidelines for Operable 2.1 Make all functionality available from a keyboard. 2.2 Provide users enough time to read and use content. 2.3 Do not design content in a way that is known to cause seizures. 2.4 Provide ways to help users navigate, find content, and determine where they are.
- 25. Guidelines for Understandable & Robust 3.1 Make text content readable and understandable. 3.2 Make Web pages appear and operate in predictable ways. 3.3 Help users avoid and correct mistakes. 4.1 Maximize compatibility with current and future user agents, including assistive technologies.
- 26. International and Government Practices • Some governments are adopting W3C WCAG 2.0 for public facing websites Countries Standard Timeline to achieve standard New Zealand WCAG 2.0 Level AA June 2010 United Kingdom WCAG 1.0 Level AA March 2011 Canada WCAG 2.0 Level AA July 2013 Singapore WCAG 1.0 and key December 2013 aspects of WCAG 2.0 Australia WCAG 2.0 Level A & Level December 2014 AA
- 27. International and Government Practices • In latest version (Version 2.0) there are three Levels of conformance - Level A Level AA Level AAA 25 success criteria +13 success criteria +23 success criteria Basic Recommended Ideal Level AA Conformance
- 28. International and Government Practices • HK Government has been implementing web accessibility guidelines since 1999, based on a version of W3C WCAG • HK Government websites, except archive materials, are required to conform to W3C WCAG 2.0 Level AA by 2013 • Encourage quasi-government and public service organisations to take corresponding action
- 29. Web Accessibility Campaign Launched in 2011 - • Focus group discussion • Survey with persons with disabilities • Management handbook • Portal with Illustration webpages (www.webforall.gov.hk) • Awareness building seminars
- 30. Web Accessibility Campaign Upcoming events • Experience sharing sessions & Technical workshops • Ethics building in tertiary education institutions • Recognition scheme
- 31. Start Your Web Accessibility Project Assess the Whole Website • Consider rearranging the structure • Simplify content • Use simple HTML code can help a lot • Alternative text for image, alt= • Keyboard input, onkeypass= • Define language, lang= • Testing
- 32. Testing Techniques 1. Code Scanning • Many accessibility issues can be detected automatically using specialist software and tools. Example Tools - AChecker WAVE Web Accessibility Checker
- 33. Testing Techniques 2. Manual Screen Reader Testing • Navigate your website and determine just how much information you’re able to access through the screen reading software. Example Tools - Jaws VoiceOver Window Light
- 34. Testing Techniques 3. Human Testing – preferably by persons with disabilities • Many organisations that support persons with disabilities can help by providing free or affordable human testing services. • Website owners are encouraged to contact these organisations for assistance.
- 36. Web For All At the time building fast application and using modern technology Adopt accessibility design Join hands to make Hong Kong a caring and inclusive IT hub
- 37. Thank you