Web3.0 seminar wipro-session4-enterprisingsemantics

24-06-2010

Web 3.0, Semantics & Session III –
Enterprise Computing Enterprising Semantics

Nagaraju Pappu
June 2010
www.canopusconsulting.com

Describing Semantic Web to Nontechnical
Users
 Labeling data on Web so that both humans
and machines can more effectively use them
 Associating meaning to data that machines
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can understand so as to achieve lot more
automation and off-load more work to
machines
 Exploiting common vocabulary and richer
modeling of subject area for much better
integration of data

© Canopus Consulting

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Semantics and Enterprise Computing
 Domain Ontologies and their uses:
 Banking, Healthcare, Product catalogues
 Online, targetted advertisement
 Commoditized B2B infrastructure
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 Example Domain Ontologies:


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Enterprise Intra-Nets
 From Data-Information-Content transformation
 Unlocking the Huge amounts of unstructured information and
connecting the information
 From Users/Employees to Communities
 From Role Based Access Control to Modeling
5 Membership into Communities and groups that are
goal oriented
 Intelligent Agents as a backbone for large scale,
dynamic interchange of information across
applications and systems
 Enterprise Performance Management
 ITIL CMDB, SLA Management are immediate candidates for
going “onto-logical”


Agenda

• Tools
• Data / vocabularies
• Collateral
• Community
6 • Pointers for getting going

From:
Semantic Web: Technologies and Applications for the Real-World
Authors: Amit Seth
Wright State University
http://knoesis.wright.edu


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Enablers and Techniques
 Ontology: Agreement with Common
Vocabulary & Domain Knowledge; Schema +
Knowledge base
 Semantic Annotation (meatadata Extraction):
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Manual, Semi-automatic (automatic with
human verification), Automatic
 Reasoning/computation: semantics enabled
search, integration, complex queries, analysis
(paths, subgraph), pattern finding, mining,
hypothesis validation, discovery, visualization


A Typical Enterprise SW Application
Lifecycle
 Build Ontology
 Build Schema (model level representation
 Populate with Knowledgebase (people, location, organizations, events)

 Automatic Semantic Annotation (Extract Semantic
8 Metadata)
 Any type of document, multiple sources of documents
 Metadata can be stored with or sparely from documents

 Applications:
 search (ranked list of documents of interest (semantic search),
integrate/portal, summarize/explain, analyze, make decisions
 Reasoning techniques: graph analysis, inferencing

Types of content/documents, Use of standards,
Scalability, Performance

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Semagix Freedom Architecture: for building
ontology-driven information system

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© Semagix, Inc.

Managing Semantic Content on the Web

Building ontology

 Three broad approaches:
 Option 1: social process/manual: many years, committees
 Can be based on metadata standard

 Option 2: automatic taxonomy generation (statistical clustering/NLP):
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limitation/problems on quality, dependence on corpus, naming

 Option 3: Descriptional component (schema) designed by domain
experts; Description base (assertional component, extension) by
automated processes

 Option 2 is being investigated in several research projects;

 Option 3 is currently supported by technologies such as Semagix Freedom


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Ontology Examples
 Time, Space
 Gene Ontology, Glycomics
 Pharma Drug, Treatment-Diagnosis
 Repertoire Management
 Equity Markets
 Anti-money Laundering, Financial Risk, Terrorism
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 Can be Public, Government, Limited Availability, Commercial


Ontology Language/ Representation Spectrum

Modal Logic
First Order Logic
Logical Theory Is Disjoint Subclass of
Description Logic with transitivity
DAML+OIL, OWL, UML property

Conceptual Model
12 RDFS, XTM Is Subclass of
Extended ER Semantic Interoperability

Thesaurus
ER Has Narrower Meaning Than
DB Schemas, XML Schema
Structural Interoperability
Taxonomy
Relational Model Is Sub-Classification of
XML
Syntactic Interoperability


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Large Scale Systems already in use

 UMLS – A high level schema of the biomedical
domain T147—effect
T147—induce
 136 classes and 49 relationships T147—etiology
 Synonyms of all relationship – using variant lookup T147—cause
T147—effecting
13 (tools from NLM) T147—induced

 MeSH
 Terms already asserted as instance of one or more
classes in UMLS
 PubMed
 Abstracts annotated with one or more MeSH terms


Example PubMed abstract (for the domain
expert)

Abstract

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Classification/Annotation


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Method – Parse Sentences in PubMed

15 SS-Tagger (University of Tokyo)
SS-Parser (University of Tokyo)

(TOP (S (NP (NP (DT An) (JJ excessive) (ADJP (JJ endogenous) (CC or) (JJ
exogenous) ) (NN stimulation) ) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN estrogen) ) ) ) (VP (VBZ
induces) (NP (NP (JJ adenomatous) (NN hyperplasia) ) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT
the) (NN endometrium) ) ) ) ) ) )

REmBRANDTS: REtrieval, BRowsing, Analytics and kNowledge Discovery over Text using Semantics


Method – Identify entities and Relationships in
Parse Tree
Modifiers
Modified entities
Composite Entities

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17 SEMANTIC WEB IN PRACTICE


Semantic Web Infrastructure
 Triple stores
 RDFizers
 Ontology Editors / Reasoning Systems
 Application Frameworks

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Triple Stores

• Oracle RDF Data Model
• 3Store
• Profium Metadata Server
• Aduna
• RDF Gateway
• AllegroGraph • RDFStore
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• Boca • Sesame
• Joseki • Virtuoso

• Kowari • YARS

• Mulgara

There are many others available too…


Boca, IBM

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Source: IBM


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RDF Data Model, Oracle
 Object-relational implementation
 Set of triples form an RDF/OWL graph (model)
 Optimized storage structure: repeated values stored only once
 Can handle multiple lexical forms of the same value
 Incremental load and bulk load
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 SPARQL-like graph pattern embedded in SQL query
 Native inferencing for RDF, RDFS & user-defined rules
 Support for OWL and Semantic Operators in the next release


Virtuoso, OpenLink
• Hybrid Data Server that combines SQL, RDF, XML, and Full Text
Data Management

• Includes a Virtual / Federated DBMS Layer that enables transparent
access to data from 3rd party SQL, RDF, XML, and Web Services

• Produces RDF Instance Data in Physical and Virtual forms from local
23 or 3rd party data sources

• Provides full support for the SPARQL Query Language against
Physical and Virtual RDF Graphs

• Query Optimizer is specifically tuned for high-performance data
access across all realms

• Includes in-built middleware for producing RDF instance data on-
the-fly from non RDF Data Sources (e.g. (X)HTML, Microformats,
Web Services, Binary Files)


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Adapting SQL Databases

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Source: Tim Berners-Lee


Mapping Relational to RDF

• D2RQ
• SquirrelRDF
• DartGrid
• SPASQL
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Source: DartGrid


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RDFizers

• Relational -> • Java -> RDF
RDF
• XML -> RDF • Weather -> RDF
• Excel -> RDF • Palm -> RDF
• JPEG -> RDF
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• Outlook -> RDF
• BibTEX -> RDF
• Flickr -> RDF

A directory of RDFizers is provided at:
http://simile.mit.edu/wiki/RDFizers


Ontology Editors and Environments

 Protégé, SWOOP, GrOWL, TopBraid, Ontotrack, SemanticWorks,
..

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Source: Ian Horrocks


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Reasoning Systems

CEL
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Pellet
KAON2

Semantic Web Tools
 RDF programming environment for 14+ languages
 C, C++, C# and .Net, Haskell, Java, Javascript, Lisp, Obj-C,
 PHP, Perl, Prolog, Python, Ruby, Tcl/Tk
 Selection of on-line validators
 BBN OWL Validator, OWL Consistency Checker,
29  WonderWeb OWL-DL Validator, RDF Validator,
 RDF/XML & N3 Validator, ConsVISor OWL Consistency
 Checker
 SPARQL Endpoints
 SPARQLer, SPARQLette, XML Army Knife, OpenLink
 Virtuoso
 Semantic Web Crawlers
 Swoogle, SWSE, Zitgist


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Semantic Web Tools
 RDF Browsers
 BrowseRDF, /facet, Longwell, mSpace, Siderean Software, Exhibit
 Semantic Web Browsers
 DISCO, ObjectViewer, OpenLink RDF Browser, Tabulator Browser,
Haystack
 Labeling
 Adobe XMP
 Information Extraction
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 Amilcare, Language and Computing
 Visualization
 IsaViz, Perfuse, Tom Sawyer, RDF-Gravity
 Relationship Analytics
 Cogito
 Content Management
 Profium Semantic Information Router
 Information Integration
 Ontoprise, Software AG, @Semantics, webMethods, Revelytix, Ontology
Works

Over 500 tools are now available

Lists of Tools

• http://sites.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/suhl/bizer/toolkits/index.htm
• http://esw.w3.org/topic/SemanticWebTools
• http://www.mkbergman.com/?p=291
• http://planetrdf.com/guide/
31 • http://www.sekt-project.org/resources/sekt_components.html


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How to get RDF Data?

• Write your own RDF in your preferred syntax
• Add RDF to XML directly (in its own namespace), e.g. in SVG
• Use intelligent scrapers or wrappers to extract RDF from a
Web page and then generate automatically (e.g. via an XSLT
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script)
• Formalize the scraper approach with GRDDL
• RDFa extend (X)HTML by defining general attributes to add
metadata to any element
• Create bridge to relational databases
• Use bridge from other data sources


RDF Data
• Annotea Bookmark • BIND
File • BrainPharm
• DBLP • Entrez Gene
• dbpedia • HIVSDB
• dbtune
• KEGG
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• Geonames
NeuroNames
• MusicBrainz •

• RDF Book Mashup • Reactome
• Revyu • SenseLab
• US Census Data • SWAN publication &
hypothesis
• WordNet
• UniProt


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Vocabularies
• eClassOwl: eBusiness ontology for products and services
• Gene Ontology: describes gene and gene products
• BioPAX: for biological pathway data
• SKOS core: describes knowledge systems, thesauri,
glossaries
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• Dublin Core: about information resources, digital
libraries, with extensions for rights, permissions, digital
rights management
• FOAF: about people and their organizations
• DOAP: on the descriptions of software products
• Music Ontology: describes CDs, music tracks, etc.
• SIOC: for semantically-Interlinked Online Communities
Source: Ivan Herman


Collateral

• Much good information at W3C
 http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
• New FAQ on the Semantic Web
 http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/SW-FAQ

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• Semantic Web Case Studies and Use Cases
 http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/sweo/public/UseCases
• List of Semantic Web books
 http://esw.w3.org/topic/SwBooks
• Dave Beckett’s Resources
• PlanetRDF a blog aggregator on Semantic Web topics


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Public Fora at W3C

• Semantic Web Interest Group
 A forum for developers with an archived mailing
list, and a constant IRC presence on
freenode.net#swig
• Semantic Web for Health Care & Life Sciences: SW-HCLS
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• Semantic Web Deployment Working Group
 Archives of working group are public
• Semantic Web Education and Outreach IG
 Community Projects
 Whitelisting Email Senders with FOAF
 Linking Open Data on the Semantic Web
 Knowee Contact Organizer
 POWDER Browser Extension

Pointers for Getting Going

• Use robust URIs
• Reuse existing data and ontologies
• A little semantics goes a long way
• Model the real world rather than data artifacts
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• Build upon your infrastructure incrementally


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Books
 Programming The Semantic Web, O'Reilly Media Inc
 Authors: Toby Segaran, Colin Evans & Jamie Taylor

 Social Networks and the Semantic Web, Springer
 Author: Peter Mika

 Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist, Morgan Kauffman
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Publishers,
 Author: Dean Allemang, James Hendler

 Introduction to the Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services,
Chapman & Hall,
 Author: Liyang Yu

 Semantic Web-Based Information Systems: State-of-the-Art
Applications, Cybertech Publishing
 Amit Sheth, Miltiadis Lytras


Summary

• Many Semantic Web tools are available
• Data and vocabularies are increasingly being made
available in RDF/OWL
• Many books, tutorial and overviews are available to
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help you get going
• Several public fora for community activities


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