Web-based GIS to support policy and program development for the Amazon
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The document discusses the development of a web-based GIS tool aimed at estimating CO2 emissions and opportunity costs related to avoided deforestation in the Amazon. It highlights the use of satellite imagery and various datasets to assess potential deforestation areas and the related economic implications, emphasizing user experience and challenges in accessibility. Furthermore, it outlines future improvements and features to enhance the tool's usability for policy and program development concerning sustainable resource management.
Web-based GIS to support policy and program development for the Amazon
- 1. Estimating CO 2 emissions and opportunity costs of avoided deforestation : Web-based GIS to support policy and program development for the Amazon Ernesto Giron - GIS Consultant Elizabeth Barona - CIAT Glenn G. Hyman - CIAT Jan Borner - CIAT AAG Annual Meeting 2010 Washington, DC
- 2. Agenda Introduction Background and context Key features Materials and methods Simple scenario involving several queries User experience considerations Challenges Difficulties What’s next Short sample video and Q&A
- 3. Introduction Growing interest in payment for environmental services (PES) Range of options, opportunities and possibilities not widely known. Where is deforestation likely to occur in the future? Where might a project to be successful? An online tool to investigate deforestation and the economics of reducing it in the Amazon.
- 4. Background and Context Activity of project: " Strengthening the Amazon Initiative Consortium for Sustainable Use of Natural Resources “ An instrument for regional inter-institutional collaboration aimed at development and implementation of studies and practices suited to strengthen conservation and rational use of natural resources in the Amazon
- 5. Key features Satellite imagery and geographic information on population density, biodiversity, biomass, land cover and sustainable development in the Amazon Calculates rates of past and future forest loss Estimates opportunity cost of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) in user-defined areas
- 6. Material and methods Hardware: servers and networks Software: ArcGIS Server, DOJO, REST Data: remote sensing and GIS Methods: satellite image interpretation, spatial overlay (zonal operators), calculation of deforestation rates and economic opportunity costs Human resources: server administrator, GIS specialist, developer, geographer, economist
- 7. Data Table and Sources Title of dataset Description Format (Vector o raster) Resolution Source Indigenous Territories Indigenous areas from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru Shapefile OTCA (Organizacion del tratado de cooperacion Amazónica) Protected Areas Reserves and protected areas from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela Shapefile OTCA (Organizacion del tratado de cooperacion Amazónica) Population Distribution of human population from 2000 grid 1 km Gridded Population of the world, version 3 (GPW3) produced by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) of the Earth Institute at Columbia University. Future deforestation Annual future deforestation, based on eight scenarios encompassing 50 annual time steps starting in 2001 (the baseline scenario, referred to as "business-as-usual" considers the deforestation trends across the basin. grid 1 km Soares-Filho, B.S. Amazon conservation scenarios
- 8. Data Table and Sources (Cont.) Title of dataset Description Format (Vector o raster) Resolution Source Biomass Spatial distribution of forest biomass in the Amazon basin grid 1 km Saatchi S.S.; Houghton A., Dos Santos Alvala R.C., Soares J.V. and Yu Y. 2007. Distribution of aboveground live biomass in the Amazon basin. Global Change Biology (13), 813-837. Land cover Land cover map is based on 22 global land use defined within the UN Land cover classification system, for the period from December 2004 to June 2006. grid 300 meters GlobCover Land version 2 developed as part of the GlobCover Project, a European Space Agency (ESA) initiative in partnership with JRC, EEA, FAO, UNEP, GOFC-GOLD and IGBP. Accessibility Travel distance by land or water (from less than an hour to 10 days) from any location to nearest city of 50,000 people or more grid 1 km CIAT/TNC (Development AML script to calculate accessibility in South America. It consists of 3 general processes: a) Estimate travel times on land and transportation surfaces b) Reduce travel times where slope and elevation are obstacles to travel and c) Calculate the "cost distance" between any point on the surface and all target cities)
- 9. System design GIS/SOA Two Severs (Presentation tier – Middle tier) Both OS - Windows 2003 Server ArcGIS Server Advanced + DOJO Connections via Browser or Desktop GIS
- 10. Graphical User Interface Design Goals Effective cartography Multi-scale Fast Informative Easy to use Meet users expectation
- 11. Simple scenarios involving several queries Query Deforestation Query Biomass Query Land Cover Query Population Estimate Opportunity Cost
- 12. Query Deforestation Example 2001 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
- 13. Deforestation projections 2010: 4% of Peruvian Amazon deforested 2030: 8 % de Peruvian Amazon deforested (projected) Source: Soares et al., 2006 Department 2010 deforested (‘000 ha) 2010 forested (‘000 ha) 2030 deforested (‘000 ha) 2030 forested (‘000 ha) Loreto 8.2 329.5 11.6 326.1 Ucayali 6.6 93.7 9.9 90.4 Madre de Dios 4.8 76.9 15.2 66.4 Total 19.6 500.1 36.7 482.9
- 14. BETA VERSION Query Biomass Example
- 15. Opportunity cost estimates
- 16. Spatial Services SERVICE NAME URL Base map http://gismap.ciat.cgiar.org/ArcGISServer/services/IA/CBase/MapServer/WMSServer Indigenous Territories http://gismap.ciat.cgiar.org/ArcGISServer/services/IA/IndigenousTerritories/MapServer/WMSServer Protected Areas http://gismap.ciat.cgiar.org/ArcGISServer/services/IA/ProtectedAreas/MapServer/WMSServer Land Use/Cover http://gismap.ciat.cgiar.org/ArcGISServer/services/IA/LandCover/MapServer/WMSServer Population http://gismap.ciat.cgiar.org/ArcGISServer/services/IA/Population/MapServer/WMSServer Future Deforestation http://gismap.ciat.cgiar.org/ArcGISServer/services/IA/FutureDeforestation/MapServer/WMSServer Biomass http://gismap.ciat.cgiar.org/ArcGISServer/services/IA/Biomass/MapServer/WMSServer Accessibility http://gismap.ciat.cgiar.org/ArcGISServer/services/IA/Accessibility/MapServer/WMSServer
- 17. Consuming Spatial Services: Examples WFS/WMS RESTful Geo-processing Services
- 18. User experience Users rarely read the documentation Users enjoy the tool at first, but their use is not sustained. Use limited by need to acquire specific data YouTube videos appear to be helpful for users
- 19. User polygon tracks Users draw random polygons to test application. Users draw outside the study area, eg. Panama, Africa, even over the sea.
- 20. Users Statistics by Module (15/03/10 – 31/03/10)
- 21. What are some user needs Download underlying data sets Know more details on the base map and data layers Visualize other layers such as soils, precipitation, updated satellite images, among others Query by Biodiversity Import a predetermined shapefiles of an area of study Display current and future distribution of endemic and threatened species Access Portuguese version and video tutorials for each tool or module
- 22. Developer experience Key objective is to make it simple Opportunities for improvement come from working with just a few interested users The details are all important A lot of alphanumeric and geospatial information to show the users in a reduced space
- 23. Challenges Deal with regional to local scales to represent the real deforestation Continuous generation of cache maps and techniques to speed up the results at different scales Deal with several geographic and design tools to distribute an effective web-mapping application
- 24. Difficulties Consistency between browsers is difficult to achieve Many people in the Amazon still do not have sufficient bandwidth to use these types of tools Speed of application remains a concern: Flash is one possible solution
- 25. What’s next More easy to use tools to estimate the deforestation and/or degradation baseline for REDD Query by biodiversity Import user-polygon or draw by coordinates of study area Open user-polygon in Google Maps/Earth Include results of deforestation probability Print option and export to several formats The system becomes more accurate as time goes on
- 26. Thank you for your attention Q&A http://www.iamazonica.org.br/IAViewer
Editor's Notes
- #2: Project supported by World Bank and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). “Strengthening the Amazon Initiative Consortium for Sustainable Use of Natural Resources" (FORT-IA), Institutional Development Fund Grant for Strengthening the Amazon Initiative Consortium to Address the Need for Sustainable Resource Use Systems in the Amazon. Project Grant No. TF090577.
- #5: The present paper is an activity of the Project, " Strengthening the Amazon Initiative Consortium for Sustainable Use of Natural Resources " (FORT-IA), conceived as an instrument for regional inter-institutional collaboration aimed at development and implementation of studies and practices suited to strengthen conservation and rational use of natural resources in continental Amazonia. Its main purpose is to contribute to better policy targeting, research, and donor efforts in the Amazon region and to facilitate the communication of emerging research results from AI activities. Capacity Building & the Sharing of Data and Knowledge for Collaborative Research in Amazon Basin (Inventory, Database and Training for Institutional Development)
- #8: The dataset used in this study is summarize in the following table Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization
- #9: The dataset used in this study is summarize in the following table
- #10: - The structure is based on a Geospatial Service-Oriented Architecture using Representational State Transfer (REST) style - It’s implemented using two server with Microsoft Windows Server operating system. One of them is used for the presentation-tier and the other used for support web services, geo-processing and data layers. - To support Geospatial analysis we used an AGS Advanced license - It allows user to connect via web browser or open source or commercial GIS. - Almost all devices are supported. - It uses a mixed open source and commercial architecture to support a Web 2.0 user experience, making GIS functionality available to a broad audience.
- #11: View Window and maps display, Control Panel, Pop-up menus, Components admin, Infowindows popup, Scale bar, and Tools organized by component The Graphical User Interface was designed and developed by ESRI, and it has been customized and improved by CIAT providing a more interactive experience for a site visitor wishing to review deforestation and Opportunity cost information. New and emerging technologies in the realm of the Geospatial Web are altering how maps and other cartographic artifacts are designed, generated, distributed, and interacted with.
- #12: What this tool can do Overview of functions Features and underlying assumptions Calculation steps and assumptions
- #17: What this tool can do Overview of functions Features and underlying assumptions Calculation steps and assumptions [1] http://ionia1.esrin.esa.int/ [2] http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw/ [3] http://www.csr.ufmg.br/simamazonia/ [4] http://bioval.jrc.ec.europa.eu/products/gam/index.htm
- #19: Requirements Forum Users Statistics by Module What are some user information needs The purpose of this tool is to facilitate the data-gathering for successful decision making and successful Grant application for Project related to the Amazon. Therefore, we are very interested in understanding what your use of the tool is and in learning what are your information needs. Give us your feedback through: http://wiki-ia.wikispaces.com/IA+Map+Viewer
- #21: Deforestation Module is the most used while Biomass, Land Cover and Opportunity Cost Modules have the same frequency in fifteen days of monitoring.
- #23: Mas que experiencia del programador debe ser del geógrafo, que retos tiene para presentar la información.
- #24: Mas que experiencia del programador debe ser del geógrafo, que retos tiene para presentar la información. Artifacts such as preloaded data in a xml or json formats, loaded maps on a hide background, bring only the data according to the extends or found area, etc…
- #25: Depend of some goals Consistency between browser is difficult achieve