Webtech
- 1. Recent Trends in Web Technology Dr. H. Hannah Inbarani Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science Periyar University, Salem
- 3. Evolution of the web from web 1.0 to web 4.0. • Web is the largest transformable-information construct that its idea was introduced by Tim Burners-Lee in 1989 at first. • Web 1.0 is the first generation of the web which according to Berners-Lee, could be considered the read-only web and also as a system of cognition
- 4. Web 1.0 • Web 1.0 began as an information place for businesses to broadcast their information to people. The early web provided a limited user interactions or content contributions and only allowed to search the information and read it.
- 5. Web 1.0 – the Read Only Web • Origins of the Web Invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 First Web Browser – October 1990 First Web Server – November 1990 (nxoc01.cern.ch ) •
- 6. Example of a Web 1.0 Page
- 7. The World’s First Web Page • http://www.w3.org/History/19921103- hypertext/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
- 8. Web 1.0 Technologies • Core Web Protocols HTML, HTTP, URI • Newer Protocols XML, XHTML, CSS • Server-Side Scripting ASP, PHP, JSP, CGI, PERL • Client-Side Scripting JavaScript, VBScript, Flash • Downloadable Components ActiveX/Java
- 9. Web 1.0 Apps • Mostly Read only • Some interactivity • Submit forms • Dynamic Applications • Problems • Slow, clunky • Page needs to refreshed when new info entered • Session state not handled well
- 10. Search 1.0 Failings • Result of Web 1.0 search technology: • Focused purely on size of index • Relevance was ignored • By 1997, only 1 of the top 4 search engines could find itself! • Web Search seen as hopeless • And Google? Strictly Web 2.0
- 11. Web 1.0 Search Technologies • Characterized by large indexes but crude retrieval techniques • World Wide Web Worm (WWWW), 1993 • First Search Engine • Indexed titles and headers only • Yahoo, 1994 • Human edited directory (still is!) • WebCrawler, 1994 • First search engine to search the text of the web page • AltaVista, 1995 - Pinnacle of Web 1.0 technology • Natural language querying with Boolean operators • Huge index
- 12. Where Web 1.0 went wrong… • Misunderstood the Web’s dynamics • Relied on old software business models • Locked in users with APIs E.g. Netscape • Software sold as an application not a service
- 13. and kept going wrong! • Ignored their key asset It’s Data, not the software • Ignored the power of network effects The more people use a networked service, the more useful it becomes • Saw the Web as publishing, not participation Read-Write Web, not Read-only Web
- 14. Web application • A computer program that runs over the web. • For example, Google’s Writely is a word processor that runs over the web and is similar to Microsoft Word.
- 15. Web service • A technical way for web applications to exchange data. • Web services make mash-ups possible.
- 16. Surviving Companies were Web 2.0 all along • Google, Amazon, EBay • Why? • Tapped in to the Web’s dynamics • dynamics = success • Fight against them = failure
- 17. Web 2.0 • Web 2.0 was defined by Dale Dougherty in 2004 as a read-write web . The technologies of web 2.0 allow assembling and managing large global crowds with common interests in social interactions.
- 18. Constituents of Web 2.0
- 19. Mashups • A way to make different applications work together. For example, you could insert a Google Map in your website or list and sell books from Amazon in your blog.
- 20. Peer-to-peer: Flickr.com • Flickr • Allows photo sharing • Combines, blogs, tags and photo albums • Share photos and add comments, tags, keywords • Collective Intelligence and semantic tagging • Easier to search and access photos around specific themes, areas of interest etc.
- 21. Mashups • Wikipedia “A mashup is a website or web application that seamlessly combines content from more than one source into an integrated experience.” Mashup data from the following: • Amazon Web Services • Products list, market data • Google, Microsoft • Maps, search, Earth, Messaging • Yahoo • Images (flickr), music, search, shopping, maps, jobs, traffic, travel, weather, bookmarks (del.icio.us)
- 23. Web as the platform • Google Docs & Spread sheets
- 24. Web as the Platform: Google Docs & Spreadsheets
- 25. Blogs • Blogs – a blog, or weblog, is an online journal or web site on which articles are posted and displayed in chronological order. . Subject resources, book reviews, library news, discussion groups . Blogging software: http://wordpress.com http://www.livejournal.com http://www.blogger.com
- 26. Wiki • As with blogs, you can download software so you can run a wiki on your own website or you can sign up for a hosted service. • The hosted service is the easier route and many are free. A good place to start looking is on Wikipedia which has a comprehensive article titled “Comparison of wiki software.” • If you want a hosted wiki, you can start by checking out www.wetpaint.com and www.wikispaces.com.
- 27. Web 2.0 Tools • Blogs – a blog, or weblog, is an online journal or web site on which articles are posted and displayed in chronological order. . Subject resources, book reviews, library news, discussion groups . Blogging software: http://wordpress.com http://www.livejournal.com http://www.blogger.com
- 28. Web 2.0 Tools • RSS and Newsreaders . Really Simple Syndication is a technology that enables publishers to syndicate news and other contents on the web Libraries are keeping up to date by subscribing to news & information sources via RSS feeds.
- 29. Social Network • Start a Social Network • A good way to start a social network would be to create a space on MySpace, Facebook, Windows Live, or one of the other offerings listed in the Wikipedia article mentioned above. • If you are willing to host and configure your own software, you can explore some of the open source offerings such as Drupal (www.drupal.org) and Mambo (www.mamboserver.com). However, be warned that setting up one of these sites can be a significant task.
- 30. YouTube • YouTube allows users to upload video clips which made available to other users who can view, rate and comment on them. • YouTube makes it easy for people to send out email links of videos they found interesting, creating a powerful viral marketing environment.
- 31. Search Engines • Web 1.0 AltaVista, • Web 2.0 Google • Web 3.0 Google personalized, Semantic Search: SWSE, Swoogle, DumpFind, Hakia
- 32. Blogs • Web 3.0 • Semantic Blogs: SemiBlog, • Haystack, Semblog, • Structured Blogging
- 33. Wiki • Web 2.0 Wikis, Wikipedia • Web 3.0 Semantic Wikis: Semantic system MediaWiki, SemperWiki, Platypus, dbpedia, Rhizome
- 34. Semantic Search: • SWSE, Swoogle, • DumpFind, Hakia Intellidimension • Semantic Digital Libraries: • Citeseer, Project Gutenberg • Google scholar, Book search • JeromDl, BRICKS, Longwell
- 35. Who Provides APIs? • Amazon • Google Map • Flicker • eBay • Youtube • Microsoft
- 36. Client side Technologies • Asynchronous Javascript and XML (Ajax) • Adobeflash and Adobe flex framework • Javascript/ Ajax framework
- 37. Server side Technologies • Same technologies like Web 1.0 • PHP, Ruby, Coldfusion, perl, python, JSP and ASP • Only difference lies in the way the data is formatted. To share its data with other web sites, a web site generates output in machine readable formats such as XML , RSS and JSON.
- 38. Social Networking • FOAF – Friend Of A Friend Machine readable ontology describing persons, their activities and their relations to other people and objects FOAF – expressed using RDF( Resource Description Framework) • XFN - XHTML Friends Network XHTML Friends Network (XFN) is an HTML microformat developed by Global Multimedia Protocols Group that provides a simple way to represent human relationships using links.
- 39. Web Operating Systems • EyeOS 2005 PHP, XML and JavaScript Supports MS-office and Open office file formats • YouOS 2008 – Webshake Web desktop and Web IDE Uses JavaScript to communicate with remote server APIs Youbrowser,Youchat,YouEditor,Youshell,Youfeeds
- 42. Web 1.0 2.0 & 3.0 • Hypertext/CGI Web. • Community Web • Semantic Web (for machines).
- 43. Web 3.0 • The term ‘Web 3.0’ was first coined by John Markoff of the New York Times in 2006 • Web 3.0 is a term, which definition is not confirmed or defined so far as several experts have given several meaning, which do not match to each other, but sometimes it is referred to as a Semantic Web.
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- 45. The Semantic Web Cake
- 46. WEB 3.0 The web 3.0 is also known as the “Semantic web”. It includes several technologies in order to arrange and structure data you can find on the internet to make it available and usable by programs and software thanks to a metadata system. The purpose is to make the web readable by machines and not only by humans. It starts with the Resource Description Framework (RDF) which gives the specifications of such a metadata data model. It is also the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and notations like RDF Schema (RDFS). SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) are between the web 2.0 and the web 3.0. Many websites are already using this technology to display animated content. Flash animations are already taking advantage of this technology to deliver advanced animated content without the heavy weight of usual “movie files”.
- 47. Web 3.0 “Web 3.0 is a third generation of Internet based Web services, collectively consists of semantic web, microformats, natural language search, data-mining, machine learning, recommendation agents that is known as Artificial Intelligence technologies or Intelligent Web. Web 3.0 is highly specialized information structures, moderated by a group of personality, validated by the community, and put into context with the inclusion of meta-data through widgets”.
- 48. Semantic web
- 49. Mobility • Currently two different webs: • Fixed and mobile • Limited integration between the two • Need to develop for both types of device • Reasons: • Input/output • Screen size (Max ~2.6 inches) • Tiny Keyboard, Fat Fingers • Processing Power • Max ~350MHz CPUs
- 50. Web Technology
- 51. Web 3.0 Technology • Apart from cloud-based technologies, is there anything else that will accelerate the adoption of Web 3.0?
- 52. Web 3.0 to 4.0 • It is clear that success in the world of Web 2.0 has stemmed from the understanding of the next generation of the web, the semantic web or web 3.0 .We are now entering an age of connected data (Big Data, Open Data, Personal Data are all part of the story) and if the idea of using the principles of next generation of technologies to win current battles has any weight, we need to ask what will define web 4.0 and how will it shape innovation in the current age of the web?
- 53. Web 4.0 • Web 4.0 is often characterised as the WebOS - the entire web being a single operating system where information flows from any one point to any other. It is often defined in technical terms because technical people are the only ones thinking about it. I believe that the principle can go wider and that the WebOS will define the entire economy, or at least the economic activity that can be linked to digital technology
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- 55. Open Source Technology • Richard Stallman worked on a project called GNU project , a free software foundation for developing and improving the open source community on Sep 1983 at MIT. • The first GNU project was Unix based operating systems.
- 56. Licensing in Open source • GNU offers General Public License (GPL ) as a license for all open source softwares. • Recently GPL version 3 is adopted. • It must be agreed upon by the user while installing the open source software which specifies terms and conditions of usage of software.
- 57. Adoption of Open source in India • Kerala is the first state to start Free software foundation in India. • It introduced Free and Open source software(FOSS) in education through IT@school project. • Foreign Countries Germany,Malaysia, US,Brazil,France have started migrating from proprietary softwares to open source softwares
- 58. Open source software for Various fields Operating systems - Linux variants,Unix, Android,Free BSD Programming Languages - Python,Perl,Java,Ruby,C Integrated Develoment Environment - Netbeans,Eclipse ERP - Openbravo,Compiere,ERP5,Fedena
- 59. Open Source softwares- Data Processing and Analysis Database Management System - Mysql, Postgresql, Ingres Data Mining - R,Weka,Rapid Miner,Orange
- 60. Open Source softwares- Internet Technologies Scripting Languages PHP, Javascript, Groovy, Jython Application servers Glassfish, Jboss, Resin Web servers Apache, Lighttpd, Jigsaw
- 61. Proprietary Software FOSS MS-Windows Linux MS-Office Openoffice,Libreoffice,Lotus Symphony Adobe Photoshop Krita,CIMP,Cine Paint Adobe Illustrator Inkscape 3D Studio Max/MAYA Blender Internet Explorer Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Microsoft Outlook Evolution, Thunder Bird Microsoft Sharepoint Alfresco, Drupal MathLab SciLab AutoCAD FreeCAD Archimedas MS SQL MySQL,PostgreSQL, SQLite