Week 05 lecture 05 water supply

BUILDING SERVICES-II
(PLUMBING)
LECTURE-V
WATER SUPPLY
DISTRIBUTION

 At municipal level
 At domestic level
WATER SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION
METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION
 For efficient distribution system adequate water pressure
required at various points.
 Depending upon the level of source, topography of the area
and other local conditions the water may be forced into
distribution system by following ways-

GRAVITY
SYSTEM
PUMPING
SYSTEM
COMBINED
SYSTEM

Suitable when source of supply is at sufficient height.
Most reliable and economical distribution system.
The water head available at the consumer is just minimum
required.
The remaining head is consumed in the frictional and other
losses.
GRAVITY SYSTEM

PUMPING SYSTEM
Treated water is directly pumped in to the distribution main
without storage.
Also called pumping without storage system.
High lifts pumps are required.
If power supply fails, complete stoppage of water supply.
This method is not generally used.

COMBINED GRAVITY AND PUMPING SYSTEM
Most common system.
Treated water is pumped and stored in an elevated distribution
reservoir.
Then supplies to consumer by action of gravity.
The excess water during low demand periods get stored in
reservoir and get supplied during high demand period.
Economical, efficient and reliable system.

COMBINED GRAVITY AND PUMPING SYSTEM

DISTRIBUTION DOMESTIC LEVEL
Carries water from water mains to the various points (fixtures)
in the building where water is to be used.
Cold water system
Hot water system
COLD WATER SYSTEM
Two types
Direct supply system
Indirect supply system

DIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM (upward distribution system)
When pressure of water supply from the mains is sufficient the
supply of water is directly given to the various floors.
This system is recommended only if no. of floors is not more than
two.

Week 05 lecture 05 water supply

DIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM (upward distribution system)
Advantages
Less pipework and smaller or no cistern, making it easier and
cheaper to install.
Drinking water is available at all draw-off points.
Smaller cisterns which may be sited below the ceiling.
In systems without cistern there is no risk of polluting the
water from this source.
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

INDIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM (Down take distribution system)
It is a system whereby all the drinking water used in the
building is supplied from the main and water used for all other
purposes is supplied indirectly from a cold water storage
cistern.
The cistern also supplies water to the hot water cylinder
therefore its capacity will almost double the capacity required
for the direct system.

ADVANTAGES
 Large capacity cistern provides a reserve of water during
interruption of supply.
 Water pressure on the taps supplied from the cistern is
reduced, which minimizes wear on taps and noise.
 Fittings supplied with water from the cistern are prevented
from causing pollution of the drinking water by back siphon
age.
 Lower demand on the water main.

Parts of water distribution system
 Service pipe
 Distribution pipe / supply pipe
 Riser
 Fixture branch
 Fixture supply

PARTS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
SERVICE PIPE
The pipe from the water main or other sources of potable water
to the distribution system of the building to be served.
DISTRIBUTION PIPE / SUPPLY PIPE
The pipe within the structure or premises which conveys water
from service pipe to point of utilization.

RISER
water supply pipe that extends one full story or more to
convey water to branches or group of fixtures.
FIXTURE BRANCH
the supply pipe between fixture supply pipe and distribution
pipe.
FIXTURE SUPPLY
water supply pipe connecting fixture to fixture branch

Week 05 lecture 05 water supply

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Week 05 lecture 05 water supply