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Balancing Exposure
Derek Miller
Balancing Exposure
Ansel
Adams
You don't make a photograph just with a camera.
You bring to the act of photography...
all the pictures you have seen,
the books you have read,
the music you have heard,
the people you have loved.
Balancing Light
Patterns of Light
BLOG
FINEART
COMPOSITE
PHOTOBOOK
I T TA K E S P R O J E C T S . . .
4
What makes a fascinating image?
I T TA K E S P R I N C I P L E S . . .
4
What makes a fascinating image?
light
focus
composition
creativity
I T TA K E S P R I N C I P L E S . . .
4
What makes a balanced exposure?
iso
aperture
shutter speed
white balance
I T TA K E S P R I N C I P L E S . . .
4
What makes a balanced exposure?
What makes a balanced exposure?
iso
What makes a balanced exposure?
iso
aperture
What makes a balanced exposure?
iso
aperture
shutter speed
What makes a balanced exposure?
iso
aperture
shutter speed
white balance
What makes a balanced exposure?
What makes a balanced exposure?
f/2.5
1/500
ISO 100
AWB
What makes a balanced exposure?
What makes a balanced exposure?
f/4.0
1/2000
ISO 100
AWB
What makes a balanced exposure?
What makes a balanced exposure?
f/2.2
1/500
ISO 400
AWB
What makes a balanced exposure?
What makes a balanced exposure?
f/2.5
1/4000
ISO 200
AWB
What makes a balanced exposure?
What makes a balanced exposure?
f/22.0
1/4
ISO 100
AWB
What makes a balanced exposure?
Aperture: How wide the lens is open
f/22f/16f/8f/4f/2
f/22f/16f/8f/4f/2
Aperture = f/stop
Aperture: How wide the lens is open
f/22f/16f/8f/4f/2
Aperture = f/stop
Depth of field = How much is in focus
Aperture: How wide the lens is open
Depth of field = How much is in focus
Aperture: How wide the lens is open
Olympus OM40 Manual, Page 52
f/22f/22f/16f/8f/4f/2
Aperture = f/stop
Depth of field = How much is in focus
Wide aperture: f/2 = less in focus / shallow depth
Aperture: How wide the lens is open
f/22f/16f/8f/4f/2
Aperture = f/stop
Depth of field = How much is in focus
Wide aperture: f/2 = less in focus / shallow depth
Narrow aperture: f/22 = more in focus / deep depth
Aperture: How wide the lens is open
Aperture = f/stop
Depth of field = How much is in focus
Wide aperture: f/2 = less in focus / shallow depth
Narrow aperture: f/22 = more in focus / deep depth
f/22f/16f/8f/4f/2
Aperture: How wide the lens is open
Garden Hose Analogy
Small opening: f/22 =
large area in focus
Large opening: f/2 =
small area in focus
Aperture: Shallow depth
Aperture: Shallow depth
f/1.8
1/1250
ISO 250
Aperture: Shallow depth
Aperture: Shallow depth
f/2.8
1/500
ISO 125
Aperture: Shallow depth
Aperture: Shallow depth
f/3.5
1/500
ISO 160
Aperture: Medium depth
Aperture: Medium depth
f/11
1/250
ISO 100
Aperture: Medium depth
Aperture: Medium depth
f/11
1/320
ISO 100
Aperture: Deep depth
Aperture: Deep depth
f/16
15 sec
ISO 200
Aperture: Deep depth
Aperture: Deep depth
f/18
1/4 sec
ISO 100
Shutter Speed: How long the shutter
curtain is open
Use slower shutter in low light
Use faster shutter in bright light
Freeze motion: 1/500 – 1/2000+
Freeze motion: 1/500 – 1/2000+
f/2
1/8000
ISO 320
Freeze motion: 1/500 – 1/2000+
Freeze motion: 1/500 – 1/2000+
f/5
1/1600
ISO 400
Freeze motion: with flash
1/60 – 1/250
to sync with
external flash
Freeze motion:
Freeze motion:
Explode
While flashing
Freeze: Explode while flashing
4 seconds
…Explode
While flashing
Freeze: Explode while flashing
Blur motion: Panning
Blur motion: Panning
f/11
1/40
ISO 100
Blur motion: Cloud movement
f/22
1 min 35 sec
ISO 100
Blur motion: Cloud movement
f/22
1 min 35 sec
ISO 100
9-stop ND
FILTER
Blur motion: Zooming
f/22
6 seconds
ISO 100
TRIPOD!
Blur motion: Fireworks
Blur motion: Fireworks
f/10.00
7 seconds
ISO 100
TRIPOD
Blur motion - Abstract: Handheld
f/22
1/8
ISO 100
NO TRIPOD
Blur motion:
f/14
15 seconds
ISO 100
TRIPOD
ISO = Sensor Sensitivity
International Standards Organization
Scale for measuring light sensitivity
ISO = Sensor Sensitivity
Images > Image Sensor
ISO settings determine how
sensitive the sensor is to light
ISO 100 = least sensitive
ISO 6400 = most sensitive
✔
✔
✔
ISO TIPS
Turn off Auto ISO
Use ISO 100 – 400 when
available light is adequate
In low light, use a tripod to
keep ISO at 100 – 400 and
leave shutter open longer
✔
✔
✔
ISO 100 to restrict light
ISO 100…
to restrict light
High ISO 1600+ Gathers more light… but can add noise
ISO 6400
Understand the difference in ISO 1600+
Balancing Aperture & Shutter Speed
f/22f/16f/8f/4f/2
A wider opening gathers more light, so the
shutter can be faster.
1/1000 1/250 1/60 1/15 1/8
Week 2 - Balancing Exposure
Balancing Aperture & Shutter Speed
Balancing Aperture & Shutter Speed
f/2.5
1/6400
ISO 250
The Magic of 4…
ISO
Shutter
Aperture
WB
Balancing exposure: It takes 4…
White Balance = Color of light
Balancing exposure: It takes 4…
White Balance = Color of light
Tip: Use Auto WB most of the time
Balancing Exposure: All 3 work together
ISO
Shutter
Aperture
The Magic of 4…
ISO
Shutter
Aperture
WB
What makes a balanced exposure?
Mode dial: Aperture & Shutter Priority
Canon Nikon
Aperture Priority Mode
You set aperture…
Camera sets shutter
Shutter Priority Mode
You set shutter…
Camera sets aperture
Program Mode
Camera sets A&S
You customize…
Manual Mode
You set A&S
Auto Mode
Camera sets everything
I T TA K E S P R I N C I P L E S . . .
4
What makes a balanced exposure?
iso
aperture
shutter speed
white balance
I T TA K E S P R I N C I P L E S . . .
4
What makes a balanced exposure?

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Week 2 - Balancing Exposure