Week 3 morphology copy2
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The document discusses morphology, which is the study of the internal structure of words. It defines morphology, words, and morphemes. Words are the smallest independent units of language, while morphemes are the smallest meaning-bearing units that make up words. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes like nouns and verbs that can stand alone, and bound morphemes like prefixes and suffixes that cannot stand alone and modify the meaning of words. The document provides examples of different types of morphemes and how they combine to form complex words.
![Morphemes
Free Morphemes
Content Words
1. Nouns
2. Verbs
3. Adjectives
4. adverbs
Function Words
1. Determiners
2. Prepositions
3. Pronouns
4. conjunctions
Bound Morphemes
Bound roots (affix)
Derivational affixes
1. adjective-to-noun: -ness (slow → slowness)
2. adjective-to-verb: -ise (modern → modernise) in British English or -ize
(final → finalize) in American English and Oxford spelling.
3. adjective-to-adjective: -ish (red → reddish)
Inflectional affixes
For example, the suffix [-ed] signals that a verb is past tense: walk-
ed.
English has only eight inflectional affixes: noun plural {-s} – “He has
three desserts.” noun possessive {-s} – “This is Betty's dessert.”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/week3morphology-copy-180326034846/85/Week-3-morphology-copy2-8-320.jpg)
Week 3 morphology copy2
- 1. Week 3 Morphology SESSION 1 RUSSELL RODRIGO
- 2. What is Morphology? Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words and forms a core part of linguistic study today. The term morphology is Greek and is a makeup of morph- meaning ‘shape, form’, and -ology which means ‘the study of something’. Morphology as a sub-discipline of linguistics was named for the first time in 1859 by the German linguist August Schleicher who used the term for the study of the form of words.
- 3. What is a word? Smallest independent units of language Independent: do not depend on other words. can be separated from other units can change position. Example: The man looked at the horses. s is the plural marker, dependent on the noun horse to receive meaning Horses is a word: can occur in other positions or stand on its own
- 5. What is morpheme? Morphemes – the building blocks of morphology Words have internal structure: built of even smaller pieces 1. SIMPLE WORDS: Don’t have internal structure (only consist of one morpheme) eg. work, build, run. They can’t be split into smaller parts which carry meaning or function. 2. COMPLEX WORDS: Have internal structure (consist of two or more morphemes) eg. worker: affix -er added to the root work to form a noun. Morphemes are the smallest meaning-bearing units of language.
- 8. Morphemes Free Morphemes Content Words 1. Nouns 2. Verbs 3. Adjectives 4. adverbs Function Words 1. Determiners 2. Prepositions 3. Pronouns 4. conjunctions Bound Morphemes Bound roots (affix) Derivational affixes 1. adjective-to-noun: -ness (slow → slowness) 2. adjective-to-verb: -ise (modern → modernise) in British English or -ize (final → finalize) in American English and Oxford spelling. 3. adjective-to-adjective: -ish (red → reddish) Inflectional affixes For example, the suffix [-ed] signals that a verb is past tense: walk- ed. English has only eight inflectional affixes: noun plural {-s} – “He has three desserts.” noun possessive {-s} – “This is Betty's dessert.”
- 9. Practice: 1. Dismantle: V (Daff + V) 2. Dismantled: Adj (Daff +V + Iaff) 3. Humanities: N (N + Iaff ) 4. Educational : Adj (V + Daff + Daff) 5. Misunderstanding: N (Daff + V + Daff) V Daff V Dis mantle
- 10. Practice 1: Free and Bound Morphemes
- 11. Word Trees