Week 7 –morphology (part 3)
- 1. Week 7 –Morphology (2)Morphemes are word parts that carry meaningNot all words can be divided into separate morphemes:e.g. girl, uncle, orangeMost words do have more than one meaningful part, such as grandmother, bookshelf, homemade, asked, taller, oranges.
- 2. Some words are built up by adding elements to a core element:Truer ….untrue….truthfullyTruest truth ……..untruthfullyDefinition: A morpheme is a meaningful element in a word.How many morphemes in the following:untruthfulness
- 3. Most morphemes have:-lexical meaning, e.g. kite, tall- grammatical category: -edin past tenseIMPORTANTDON’T CONFUSE MORPHEMES WITH THE NOTION OF SYLLABLE
- 4. Example:harvest, grammar, river contain two syllables, but only one morpheme.However, one syllable can contain more than one morpheme:Kissed is one syllable with two morphemes: kiss +edFeet >foot +pl.
- 5. Syllables (revision)Def. A syllable is a unit of pronunciation uttered without interruption, loosely, a single sound. All words are made from at least one syllable.MonosyllableCatHouseTheLikeRun
- 6. Two or more syllablesRiver (2 Ri-ver; CV-CVC)Doctor (2 Doc-tor; CVC-CVC)Happy (2 Hap-py; CVC-CV)Computer (3 Com-pu-ter; CVC-CV-CVC)Beautiful (3 Beau-ti-ful; CV-CV-CVC)Pronunciation (5 Pro-nun-ci-a-tion; CV-CVC-CV- V-CVC)
- 7. Morphemes can be bound or freeFree: morphemes that can stand aloneTrue, mother, orange etcBound: un-true, where un-is a bound morpheme
- 8. Morphemes that Derive other wordsCertain bound morphemes change the category of a word, by adding a prefix or a suffixExamplesNoun +-ful: >>>>>>adj. (doubt+ful= doubtful)Here….we have N >>>>>>adj.We say then that, the morpheme –ful is a bound morpheme derivational (N>>>adj)
- 9. Can u use the same logic with the following words?ReallyBeautifullyEstablishmentAmazementSweetenFrighten
- 10. Derivational morphemes: these are mophemes that can be added to a word in two ways:* it changes its grammatical category (eg. Noun>>>veb)* it chnages its meaning (e.g. appear vsdis+appear)
- 11. Bound morpheme: inflectionalThe inflectional morpheme change the form of a word but not its lexical category or its central meaning.E.g. cats, collected, sleeps, louder