Week 7 –morphology (part 4)
- 1. Week 7 –Morphology (4)How are morphemes organized within words?Affixes, prefixes and suffixesPrefix: a prefix is attached to the front of the stem, e.g. untrue, disappear, repaintSuffix: a suffix follows the stem, e.g. girlsInfixes: some languages have infixes like Tagalog (spoken on the Philippines)Eg. gulay ‘greenish vegetable’, by adding the infix ‘-in-, becomes ginulay ‘greenish blue’
- 2. ExerciceHow many morphemes are there in the word uncontrolably? Design a chart showing the different parts.
- 3. How does a language increase its vocabulary?
- 4. 1. new words can be formed from existing words and word parts2. words can be borrowed from another language3. new words can be made up, created from scratch
- 5. How to derive new wordsAffixesBy simply adding a morpheme to the existing stem.Example, English adds the suffix –erto verbs.sing >>>singer (someone who sings)Campaign>>>campaigner (someone who campaigns)2. ReduplicationA morpheme or part of a morpheme is repeated to create a new word with a different meaning or different category.
- 6. Reduplication is common in Chinese, Motu, or Turkish.Example:In the language Motu:Mahuta ‘to sleep’, but mahutamahuta ‘to sleep constantly’ The closest example in English would be, night-night, very verytired.
- 7. 3. compoundsRecent ones: e-mail,web page, web site, download, upload4. shorteningsAt times, we shorten words to make new words. Eg.Feds (federal agents)Indie (independent films)Apps (computer applications)Pc (personal compuater)
- 8. 5. AcronymsUNESCO, NASA, YUPPY (young urban professional)6. BlendsBlends are words created by combining parts of existing words.Smog >> (smoke +fog)Motel >>(motor+hotel)
- 9. Biotech (biology+technology)Any blends in Arabic?6. Back formationFor instance creating a verb from a noun, example verb pronunciate comes from the noun pronunciation.Other examples include , baby-sit (backformed from nouns, babysitter), to typewrite (from typewriter), edit (from editor)