Week6.1_DA2020
- 2. 2 Aesthetic in Design Processes Form Sensing Judgem ent Form imaginati on ideation FormSensing Discovering Developing Defining Delivering Double Diamond Model, Design Council 2019, https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/news-opinion/what- framework-innovation-design-councils-evolved-double-diamond
- 3. 3 Values Taste Values Aesthetic: Perception to Emotion Morality Smell See Hear Touch Perception Cognition Emotion
- 4. 4 Aesthetic Preferences and Design: a battle of impulses Paul Hekkert, 2014 Hekkert, P. (2014). Aesthetic responses todesign: A battle of impulses. In P. Tinio & J. Smith (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Psychology of Aesthetics and the Arts (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology, pp. 277-299). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- 5. 5 The beauty dilemma • “Physically attractive people are assumed to possess more desirable personality traits and expected to be more successful than less attractive people” (Dion, Berscheid and Walster, 1972) • “What-is-beautiful-is-good” principle also holds for designed artefacts?
- 6. 6 On aesthetic responses • Aesthesis, “an understanding through sensory perception” • Gratification that comes from sensory perception • No direct implications for any of our everyday concerns • Dispositional states fundamental to our emotion • “Disinterested” (Kant, 1952) or distanced (Bullough, 1912) • People have a concern for experiencing aesthetic pleasure and will therefore seek stimuli that provide such pleasure (Desmet and Hekkert, 2007). • Sensorial sensation: most people experience strong emotional reactions when they listen to their favorite music (Blood and Zatorre, 2001)
- 7. 7 The function of aesthetic: “Attractive things work better” • Visual aesthetics positively affects perceived usability (Hassenzahl, 2004; Tractinsky, Katz and Ikar, 2000) • More aesthetically pleasing websites are considered better and therefore more usable (Hassenzahl and Monk, 2010; Van Schaik, Hassenzahl and Ling, 2012) • Enhancing task performance (i.e., speeding up task completion; Moshagen, Musch and Göritz, 2009;Sonderegger and Sauer, 2009) • Customer loyalty (Chang and Chen, 2009; see Moshagen and Thielsch, 2010 and Tractinsky, 2012 for overviews of aesthetic studies in HCI). • Positive affect broadens cognition and attention (e.g., Isen, 2002; Rowe, Hirsh and Anderson, 2006), and increases motivation (e.g., Forgas, 2000).
- 8. 8 The function of aesthetic: Why do we like what we like? • Lindgaard and colleagues (2006) demonstrated that the visual appeal of a website can be reliably assessed in 50 ms or less. • “Feelings are adaptations for guiding human motivation and behavior, and arise from ancestral cue processing by the mind. For the most part, humans are not designed to consciously comprehend the ancestral cues. • On all human-made artifacts: buildings, art, products or various forms of entertainment. • Only the scientific method can identify the cues involved in aesthetic judgment and the evolutionary function of the judgment.” (Thornhill, 2003, p. 22) • Aesthetics on Non human-made objects: brain mechanism selected through human evolution (Symonds, 1995).
- 9. 9 The function of aesthetic: A battle of impulses • Two evolutionary pressures(motivation and development theories): – On the one hand, humans seek that which is safe to approach, offers security and makes little demand on their limited processing capacity. – On the other hand, humans are motivated to take risks, engage in exploratory behavior, extend their capabilities and promote their learning. (e.g., Bowlby, 1969; Gray, 1987; Higgins, 1997) 扩展阅读：（荷）布斯克斯，进化思维——达尔文对我们世界观的影响，四川人 民出版社，2010.
- 10. 10 Model of Aesthetic Preference What makes a product good listen to, pleasant to touch or use and nice to smell (or even taste)?
- 11. 11 The perception level: unity-in-variety Principle of closure applied to the design of a billboard (design by Fabrique). Note that the black dividing seam is unnecessarily large, but this is perceptually “acceptable” because of closure. • Sensory-motor understanding • Like to perceive unity, attracted to diversity, complexity and variety(Berlyne, 1966, 1971)
- 12. 12 • Underlying perceptual organization represent our “best guess” to order an incoming stream of information “Gestalt principles”
- 13. 13Domus winery by Herzog and de Meuron, 1997 Maximum effect for minimum means
- 14. 14 Rem Koolhaas
- 15. 15 The cognitive level: Typicality in novelty • “MAYA principle: people like things that are Most Advanced, Yet Acceptable.” Social robots: design for acceptability
- 16. 16 Aesthetic association to “Typicality”
- 17. 17 Aesthetic association to “Novelty”
- 18. 18 The social level: connectedness in uniqueness • Interaction and intention Altruistic garbage bag (designed by Simon Akkaya)