What Devops Need to Know about Mobile
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This document discusses the importance of user-agent strings for mobile apps and websites. It notes that the majority of web traffic now comes from mobile devices. It provides guidance on constructing meaningful user-agent strings for native mobile apps, hybrid apps, and mobile webviews. Specifically, it recommends prepending the app name and version for native apps and appending it for hybrid and webview apps. The document also discusses how user-agent strings can be used to gather device and platform statistics, optimize content delivery, and improve debugging and monitoring.
![The "User-Agent" header field contains information about the user
agent originating the request, which is often used by servers to help
identify the scope of reported interoperability problems, to work
around or tailor responses to avoid particular user agent
limitations, and for analytics regarding browser or operating system
use.
The User-Agent field-value consists of one or more product
identifiers, each followed by zero or more comments (Section 3.2 of
[RFC7230]), which together identify the user agent software and its
significant subproducts. By convention, the product identifiers are
listed in decreasing order of their significance for identifying the
user agent software. Each product identifier consists of a name and
optional version.
#devops
#BFF](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/devopsru-171116093442/85/What-Devops-Need-to-Know-about-Mobile-14-320.jpg)
![IOS WEBVIEW
UIWebView* webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero];
NSString* ua = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@“navigator.userAgent"];
Then modify the extracted User-Agent via the AppDelegate file:
NSDictionary *dictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: ua + @" WebViewApp Foo/1 “ + [self deviceName],
@"UserAgent", nil];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:dictionary];
Swift
let userAgent = UIWebView().stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(from: "navigator.userAgent")! + "WebViewApp Foo/1 “ + getName();
UserDefaults.standard.register(defaults: ["UserAgent" : userAgent])
Hybrid Apps
Swift:
Objective C:
Code at https://github.com/WURFL/User-Agent-Native-apps
More here: https://www.scientiamobile.com/page/correctly-form-user-agents-for-hybrid-apps/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/devopsru-171116093442/85/What-Devops-Need-to-Know-about-Mobile-23-320.jpg)
![IOS
Code at: https://github.com/WURFL/User-Agent-Native-apps
NSString* userAgent = getUAString();
NSURL* url = [NSURL URLWithString:@""];
NSMutableURLRequest* request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];
[request setValue:userAgent forHTTPHeaderField:@"User-Agent"];
let userAgent = UAString()
if let url = NSURL(string: "") {
let request = NSMutableURLRequest(url: url as URL)
request.setValue(userAgent, forHTTPHeaderField: "User-Agent")
//...
}
Native Apps
Swift:
Objective C:
More here: https://www.scientiamobile.com/page/correctly-form-user-agent-strings-in-mobile-apps/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/devopsru-171116093442/85/What-Devops-Need-to-Know-about-Mobile-27-320.jpg)
What Devops Need to Know about Mobile
- 1. WHAT DEVOPS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT MOBILE …or really everyone… Jon Arne Sæterås twitter: @jonarnes
- 2. MOBILE MAJORITY 0 20 40 60 80 100 2009-01 2010-01 2011-01 2012-01 2013-01 2014-01 2015-01 2016-01 2017-01 Desktop Mobile Tablet Console statcounter.com Oct. 2016
- 3. 80% MOBILE In India, and most of Asia, mobile is the main concern 0 25 50 75 100 2009-01 2010-01 2011-01 2012-01 2013-01 2014-01 2015-01 2016-01 2017-01 Desktop Mobile Tablet Console statcounter.com Aug. 2012
- 4. RUSSIA ?
- 6. Native apps Browsers Hybrid apps Web sites APIs Services http Logs Analytics Reporting Debug ? ?
- 10. KNOW WHO YOU’RE COMMUNICATING WITH Who sent the message?
- 12. USER-AGENT User Agent:“A software acting on behalf of a user” h"ps://tools.ie-.org/html/rfc7231#sec8on-5.5.3
- 13. Native apps Browsers Hybrid apps Web sites APIs Services Host:www.example.com User-Agent: ... Logs Analytics Reporting Debug MEANINGFUL USER-AGENTS
- 14. The "User-Agent" header field contains information about the user agent originating the request, which is often used by servers to help identify the scope of reported interoperability problems, to work around or tailor responses to avoid particular user agent limitations, and for analytics regarding browser or operating system use. The User-Agent field-value consists of one or more product identifiers, each followed by zero or more comments (Section 3.2 of [RFC7230]), which together identify the user agent software and its significant subproducts. By convention, the product identifiers are listed in decreasing order of their significance for identifying the user agent software. Each product identifier consists of a name and optional version. #devops #BFF
- 15. Format: User-Agent = product *( RWS ( product / comment ) ) MostSignificant/1.0 Significant/1.1 LessSignificant significancehigh low Name of the “thing” “Thing” version White space
- 16. IN THE BEGINNING… NCSA_Mosaic/2.0 Mozilla/1.22 (compatible; MSIE 2.0; Windows 95) History of the browser user-agent string: https://webaim.org/blog/user-agent-string-history/ Mozilla/1.0 (Win3.1) supported frames!
- 18. OK, IT’S A MESS …but what can we do with our apps?
- 19. THREE KINDS OF APPS • (Progressive) Web Apps • Hybrid Apps • Native Apps …for simplicity Run in the browser. We’re good. An app, but loads web content/pages Native code using APIs to communicate
- 20. ANDROID WEBVIEW <Stock User-Agent> WebViewApp <AppName>/<Version> Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; Nexus 5 Build/LMY48B; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/43.0.2357.65 Mobile Safari/537.36 WebViewApp MyApp/1 Hybrid Apps Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; Nexus 5 Build/LMY48B; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/43.0.2357.65 Mobile Safari/537.36 More here: https://www.scientiamobile.com/page/correctly-form-user-agents-for-hybrid-apps/
- 21. ANDROID WEBVIEW String ua = new WebView(this).getSettings().getUserAgentString(); webviewToUse.getSettings().setUserAgentString(ua + “ WebViewApp MyApp/1”); Hybrid Apps More here: https://www.scientiamobile.com/page/correctly-form-user-agents-for-hybrid-apps/
- 22. IOS WEBVIEW Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.3.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15B93 WebViewApp MyApp/1 iPhone4,1 Hybrid Apps Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.3.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15B93 <Stock User-Agent> WebViewApp <AppName>/<Version> <iOS HW ID> Code at https://github.com/WURFL/User-Agent-Native-apps More here: https://www.scientiamobile.com/page/correctly-form-user-agents-for-hybrid-apps/
- 23. IOS WEBVIEW UIWebView* webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero]; NSString* ua = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@“navigator.userAgent"]; Then modify the extracted User-Agent via the AppDelegate file: NSDictionary *dictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: ua + @" WebViewApp Foo/1 “ + [self deviceName], @"UserAgent", nil]; [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:dictionary]; Swift let userAgent = UIWebView().stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(from: "navigator.userAgent")! + "WebViewApp Foo/1 “ + getName(); UserDefaults.standard.register(defaults: ["UserAgent" : userAgent]) Hybrid Apps Swift: Objective C: Code at https://github.com/WURFL/User-Agent-Native-apps More here: https://www.scientiamobile.com/page/correctly-form-user-agents-for-hybrid-apps/
- 24. ANDROID <AppName>/<version> <Default User-Agent> Myapp/1 Dalvik/2.1.0 (Linux; U; Android 6.0.1; vivo 1610 Build/MMB29M) Code here: https://github.com/WURFL/ImageEngine-DemoApp Native Apps Dalvik/2.1.0 (Linux; U; Android 6.0.1; vivo 1610 Build/MMB29M) More here: https://www.scientiamobile.com/page/correctly-form-user-agent-strings-in-mobile-apps/
- 25. ANDROID URLConnection cn = new URL("http://....").openConnection(); cn.setRequestProperty("User-agent", “Myapp/1 ” + System.getProperty("http.agent")); cn.connect(); Code at https://github.com/WURFL/ImageEngine-DemoApp Native Apps More here: https://www.scientiamobile.com/page/correctly-form-user-agent-strings-in-mobile-apps/
- 26. IOS MyApp/1 CFNetwork/808.3 Darwin/16.3.0 <AppName/<version> <iDevice platform><Apple model identifier> iOS/<OS version> CFNetwork/<version> Darwin/<version> MyApp/1 iPhone5,2 iOS/10_1 CFNetwork/808.3 Darwin/16.3.0 Native Apps More here: https://www.scientiamobile.com/page/correctly-form-user-agent-strings-in-mobile-apps/
- 27. IOS Code at: https://github.com/WURFL/User-Agent-Native-apps NSString* userAgent = getUAString(); NSURL* url = [NSURL URLWithString:@""]; NSMutableURLRequest* request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url]; [request setValue:userAgent forHTTPHeaderField:@"User-Agent"]; let userAgent = UAString() if let url = NSURL(string: "") { let request = NSMutableURLRequest(url: url as URL) request.setValue(userAgent, forHTTPHeaderField: "User-Agent") //... } Native Apps Swift: Objective C: More here: https://www.scientiamobile.com/page/correctly-form-user-agent-strings-in-mobile-apps/
- 28. PITFALLS • Fingerprinting/privacy • Truncation • Pretending to be something you’re not • Don’t ever trust regular expressions to parse a User-Agent
- 29. NOW THAT WE HAVE THE USER-AGENT… how to use it?
- 30. RUSSIA Form factors Q3 2017 4 % 40 % 56 % Desktop Smartphone Tablet Feature Phone Smart-TV Source: MOVR by ScientiaMobile
- 31. RUSSIA Popular Devices Q3 2017 Samsung Galaxy J5 (2016) Samsung Galaxy J5 Samsung Galaxy J3 Duos Apple iPhone 6S Apple iPhone 6 Samsung Galaxy J7 (2016) Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime Apple iPhone 7 Apple iPhone 5S HuaweiY5II 0 0,013 0,025 0,038 0,05 1,95 % 2,05 % 2,16 % 2,17 % 2,39 % 2,61 % 2,84 % 2,84 % 3,59 % 4,15 %Samsung Galaxy J5 (2016) Samsung Galaxy J5 Samsung Galaxy J3 Duos Apple iPhone 6S Apple iPhone 6 Samsung Galaxy J7 (2016) Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime Apple iPhone 7 Apple iPhone 5S HuaweiY5II Other 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 73,25 % 1,95 % 2,05 % 2,16 % 2,17 % 2,39 % 2,61 % 2,84 % 2,84 % 3,59 % 4,15 % Source: MOVR by ScientiaMobile
- 32. RUSSIA Top manufacturers Q3 2017 2 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 4 % 6 % 7 % 15 % 15 % 41 % Samsung Huawei Apple LG Lenovo Sony Alcatel Nokia HTC Microsoft Source: MOVR by ScientiaMobile
- 33. RUSSIA Popular Apps Q3 2017 6 % 9 % 9 % 12 % 13 % 50 % Facebook Flipboard Google Search UCBrowser Opera browser Instagram Pinterest Twitter Facebook Messenger Source: MOVR by ScientiaMobile
- 34. CHIPSETS Huuuge difference in performance Other; 2,8% Exynos 5410; 2,4% Exynos 7420; 19,5% Exynos 7420 Octa; 9,5% Exynos 7580 Octa; 2,1% Exynos 8890; 37,9% Exynos 8895; 1,5% Snapdragon 400; 3,4% Snapdragon 801; 17,0% Snapdragon 820; 1,1% Snapdragon 835; 2,8% SamsungChipsets Apple A10 Fusion; 25,8% Apple A4;0,2% Apple A5;0,4% Apple A6; 4,4% Apple A7;8,4% Apple A8;24,6% Apple A9; 36,1% Apple Chipsets https://www.scientiamobile.com/page/most-used-chipsets
- 35. See device capabilities in Splunk
- 36. WHAT ELSE… OK, we got some stats, but is there more?
- 37. THE WEB • 55% of the web is images 1 % 2 % 3 % 3 % 14 % 24 % 55 % images video scripts css fonts html other
- 38. SCREEN RESOLUTIONS “Other” is the biggest! 22 % 1 %1 % 1 % 1 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 3 % 3 % 3 % 3 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 7 % 13 % 19 % 360x640 1366x768 1920x1080 375x667 720x1280 768x1024 320x568 1440x900 1280x800 1600x900 1024x768 320x534 1280x1024 480x800 414x736 320x570 540x960 1536x864 1080x1920 1280x720 Other
- 39. IMAGE CDN optimize detect distribute User-Agent Native apps Browsers Hybrid apps origin cache detect Screen size Resolution Formats Network etc. Cache key
- 40. 0 Mbps 35 000 000 Mbps 70 000 000 Mbps 105 000 000 Mbps 140 000 000 Mbps Time Actual Bandwidth Usage For Optimized Objects Original Bandwidth Usage For Non-Optimized Objects IS IT WORKING?
- 41. IS IT WORKING? • 75%-ish less data transmitted • No visual quality loss • >50% of images converted to different formats • In apps, most images resized • Faster loading UI traffic Original Optimized
- 42. MEANINGFUL USER-AGENTS • Would have been too romantic sticking with the standard • The real world is a mess with historical “mistakes” that stick with us. MostSignificant/1.0 Significant/1.1 LessSignificant significancehigh low Name of the “thing” “Thing” version White space
- 43. MEANINGFUL USER-AGENTS • Rule of thumb: • Native apps: Prepend app name/version • Hybrid apps: Append app name/version • Special rule for iOS • Include hardware info
- 44. MEANINGFUL USER-AGENTS Default Recommended iOS MyApp/1 CFNetwork/808.3 Darwin/16.3.0 MyApp/1 iPhone5,2 iOS/10_1 CFNetwork/808.3 Darwin/16.3.0 Android Dalvik/2.1.0 (Linux; U; Android 6.0.1; vivo 1610 Build/MMB29M) Myapp/1 Dalvik/2.1.0 (Linux; U; Android 6.0.1; vivo 1610 Build/MMB29M) Default Recommended iOS Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.3.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15B93 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.3.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15B93 WebViewApp MyApp/1 iPhone4,1 Android Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; Nexus 5 Build/LMY48B; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/ 43.0.2357.65 Mobile Safari/537.36 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; Nexus 5 Build/LMY48B) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/43.0.2357.65 Mobile Safari/537.36 WebViewApp MyApp/1 Native apps Hybrid apps
- 45. BENEFITS OF MEANINGFUL USER-AGENTS • “Know who you’re communicating with” • Easier debug • Richer statistics • Better monitoring • Safely apply Device Detection (WURFL)
- 46. –The pretty girl “I know where you live.”