What is ravine.ppt

CONSERVATION OF
GULLIES AND RAVINES

GROUP MEMBERS

AJAY PRATAP SINGH(64)
ABHISHEK KUMAR SRIVASTAVA(65)
RITU SINGH(66)

CONTENT
Introduction
Causative factors
Process of formation

Gully
A gully is a landform created by
running water, eroding sharply
into soil, typically on ahillside. Gullies
resemble large ditches or
small valleys, but are metres to tens of
metres in depth and width.

RAVINE

A very small valley.
Product of streamcutting erosion.

Typically classified as larger in
scale than gullies, although smaller than
valleys

CAUSATIVE FACTORS

Natural Factors.
Man-made Factors.

1) Constant Rainfall:
Monthly distribution.
Rainfall Intensity & Run-off.
Rapid Snowmelts.
2) Prolonged inundation and impact
of back water during high floods.

 Improper land use.
 Forest and grass fires.
 Overgrazing.
 Mining.
 Road construction.
 Livestock and vehicle trails.
 Destructive logging.

Ravine formation is the
cumulative results of:
Indiscriminative destruction of
forests or vegetation.
Unplanned cultivation.
Destructive grazing and
Severe water erosion.

Formation of Ravine
Splash Erosion

Sheet Erosion

Rill Erosion

Gully Erosion

Ravine

Ravine and Gully types

 U and V shaped Ravines:
1) It can classified based on the shape of
their cross-section.
2) Both U and V shaped Ravines may be
found in same channels.

 Ravines spread – 3.67 million hectares along
the river and tributaries.
 It spreading at the Rate of about 0.5%
annually.
 Serious ravine intrusions.
 Beas in Punjab
 Chambal in Madhya Pradesh.
 Kalisind, Banas, Morel and
 Gambhir in Rajasthan.
 Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh.
 Mahi, Sabarwati, Narmada and Tapti in
Gujarat.

State Ravine area(lakh
ha)
12.30
UP
6.83
MP
6.50
Bihar
4.52
Rajasthan
4.00
Gujarat
1.20
Pune and Haryana
1.04
West Bengal
0.62
Tamil Nadu
0.20
Maharastra
37.00
Total

Types of Control Measures

 Mechanical

 Biological

Mechanical Measures

1)Check Dam
 Bolder check dam
 Loose stone check dam
 Log&Pole check dam

Gabion Structures
 Wire woven baskets filled with stones
 Adoptable: High slope & Heavy rainfall areas
 Constructed across small stream to conserve
stream flows with practically no submergence
beyond stream course
 The height of such structure is around 0.5m
& normally used in the streams with width of
about 10 to 15m

Contd…

Percolation Tanks

 Embankments across natural depressions
 It is permanent method

 Control Storm Water Flow
 Temporary Underground Water Storage
 Infiltration of Water into Surrounding Soil
 Storing Water for Re-use

Nala Bunds
 Earthen embankments across nala
 It is permanent method

Biological Measures
Strip Planting
 Growing of different crops on alternate strips of
ground that usually follow the contour of the
land
 To minimize erosion

2)COVER CROP
Any annual,biennial or perenial plant grown as
monoculture or polyculture.
To improve soil fertility,soil quality and water
infiltration.

3)Afforestation
Planting the trees along the edges of
the feilds,the wastelands and the
steepy slopes to prevent erosion.

Research center for Ravine
The Central Soil & water conservation
research and training institute,Research
Center.(CSWCRTIR)
It has carried out research at last 25 years
investigations to control of gullies and
reclamation of Ravines,Especially onthe
banksof Mahi river in Gujarat.

References
 M.P.SINGH,D N TIWARI(1996) Agroforestry
&Wasteland.
 www.thisland.illinois.edu/60ways/images/
 http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-
national/tp-newdelhi/destruction-of-ravines-
poses-threat-to-indian-
wolf/article2804572.ece
 www.wikkipedia.org

What is ravine.ppt

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