What is-discourse (2)

SAIRA BANO
NABILA SYED
ASIF RAZA

 The distinct manners of communication.
 The meaningful physical and intellectual
communications.
 Each discourse has some norms ,roles, aims and
objectives.

 Discourse analysis focuses on the knowledge about
knowledge, word, phrase, sentence and clause.
 It is the study of language in use.
 It is the study of language at use in the world ,not just
to say things ,but to do things.

 Given the power of the written and spoken word, CDA
is necessary for describing, interpreting, analyzing,
and critiquing social life reflected in text (Luke, 1997).
 Discourses can be used for an assertion of power and
knowledge, and they can be used for resistance and
critique.
 Discourses are used in everyday contexts for building
power and knowledge, for regulation and
normalization, for the development of new knowledge
and power relations, and for hegemony (excess
influence or authority of one nation over another).

 Ideology is the set of beliefs .
 Ideology can be defined as the norms or rules, the
points or objectives through which the things stands.
 Every culture and civilizations has their own specific
ideology.
 Ideology may personal or collective.

Culture Ideology
 An orientation that
characterized the
thinking of a group or a
nation.e.g Pukhtan
culture, Chatriali
culture etc.
 An institution to express
belief in a divine
power.e.g. Islamic
ideology ,Christianity
and Judaism etc.
Religion Ideology

IDEOLOGY :
 Ideology refers to a group of ideas that relate to a
person’s goals and targets, comprehensive vision
of a person or a group of individuals.
 Ideology aims at bringing a kind of change in the
society.
 Ideology is an instrument of social
transformation.
 Ideology is individual in thought and concept.

DISCOURSE:
Discourse refers to debate or oral explanation of
some phenomenon or principle.
Discourse aims at making people understand
certain dogmas and underlying principles of
science or religion.
Discourse consists in explaining what the other
person has said about a phenomenon or a
principle.

Discourse is not always ideologically transparent,
and discourse analysis does not always allow us to
infer what people's ideological beliefs are.
Discourse always depends on the definition of the
communicative situation by the participants, that
is on context.
Ideological discourse is always personally and
contextually variable this means these ideas are
not being manifest so that conflicts can be
resolved more easily.

Political Discourse is simply a discourse of
politicians that is there text ,talk and professional
activities .
Indeed, the vast bulk of studies of political
discourse is about the text and talk of
professional politicians or political institutions,
such as president and prime ministers and
other members of government, parliament or
political parties, both at the local, national and
international levels.

 General science of ideas
 Invented by French philosopher Destutt de Tracy at
the end of 18th C.
 Addressed to young people because he says that the
minds of established scholars are already full of “fixed
ideas” that are very difficult to change.

 It is a system of ideas of social, religious and political
ideas shared by social group or movement
 Types of ideology
Communism, anti-communism, socialism and
liberalism, feminism and sexism, racism and anti-
racism, pacifism and militarism

 The value of ideology can be positive or negative that
totally depend on the point of view of people or the
group membership
 Importance of ideology
 Make a nation resting on Religious , Linguistic ,
ethnic, political and some other basis
 Provide framework for social economic political
cultural and strategic activities
 Backbone for structure of a nation
 Give force to move towards evolution or evolution

 Ideology grows amongst dissatisfied and rejected
group usually emerges in the time of crises that show
them other horizon of future and life.
 Ideologies give shape to the revolutions and create new
cultures and civilizations.
 Ideology of Pakistan has a great importance in the
history, it not only gave a freedom to Muslims but also
preserved the religious identity and value of Muslims.
 Feminism advocates equality for women economically,
socially and politically. It also deals with the rights of
women, including reproductive rights

 Gender ideology is concerned with the attitudes of men
and women on their place in society, their rights and
responsibilities.
 Individualism deals with inherent worth of each individual
and focuses on self-sufficiency and freedom.
 Work ethic is a set of beliefs that focus on the moral virtue
of work and the way work can lead to a stronger character.
 Religions are all ideologies and within each one is a
variation of beliefs. Some believers strictly follow all the
tenets while others are more liberal and choose the ones
they feel are more important.


What is-discourse (2)

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