Whats New In Java Ee 6

What's new in Java EE 6 ?

Antonio Goncalves

Overall presentation

Focuses on news features of Java EE 6
You must know Java EE 5

28 specifications
Thousands of pages
Tough presentation

Agenda
● Quick overview
● New concepts
● New features on existing specifications
● New specifications
● Summary

Antonio Goncalves
● Freelance software architect
● Former BEA consultant
● Author (Java EE 5 and Java EE 6)
● JCP expert member
● Co-leader of the Paris JUG
● Les Cast Codeurs podcast
● Java Champion
● antonio dot goncalves at gmail dot com

Zooming in Java EE 6
Web Enterprise Web Services
JSF 2.0 EJB 3.1 JAX-RPC 1.1
Servlet 3.0 JAF 1.1 JAXM 1.0
JSP 2.2 JavaMail 1.4 JAX-RS 1.1
EL 2.2 JCA 1.6 JAXR 1.0
JSTL 1.2 JMS 1.1 Web Services 1.3
Debugging 1.0 JPA 2.0 WS Metadata 2.0
Support JTA 1.1

+ Java SE 6
Management, Security, JAX-WS 2.2
Common JAXB 2.2
CDI (JSR 299) 1.0 JDBC 4.0
@Inject (JSR 330) 1.0 JNDI 1.5
Bean Validation 1.0 SAAJ 1.3
Interceptors 1.1 Common 1.1
Managed Beans 1.0 Annotations
JACC 1.4 RMI
Java EE Application Deployment 1.2 Java IDL
Java EE Management 1.1 JMX
JASPIC 1.0 JAAS
JAXP
StAX

Agenda
● Quick overview
● New concepts
● Pruning, Profiles, EJB Lite, Portable JNDI names,
Managed Beans, Interceptors 1.1
● Summary

Pruning (Soon less specs)
● Marks specifications optional in next version
● Pruned in Java EE 6
● Entity CMP 2.x
● JAX-RPC
● JAX-R
● JSR 88 (Java EE Application Deployment)
● Might disappear from Java EE 7
● Vendors may decide to keeps them...
● … or offer the delta as a set of modules

Profiles

Full Java EE 6

Profile X

Web Profile

Profile Y

Web Profile 1.0
● Subset of full platform JSF 2.0
Servlet 3.0
● For web development JSP 2.2
EL 2.2
● Packages in a war JSTL 1.2
EJB Lite 3.1
● Separate specification Managed Beans 1.0
● Evolves at its own pace Interceptors 1.1
JTA 1.1
● Others will come JPA 2.0
Bean Validation 1.0
● Minimal (Servlet/JSP) CDI 1.0
@Inject 1.0
● Portal....

EJB Lite
● Subset of the EJB 3.1 API
● Used in Web profile
● Packaged in a war

Local Session Bean Message Driven Beans
Injection EJB Web Service Endpoint
CMT / BMT RMI/IIOP Interoperability
Interceptors Remote interface
Security EJB 2.x
Timer service
CMP / BMP

Portable JNDI names
● Client inside a container (use DI)
@EJB Hello h;

● Client outside a container
Context ctx = new InitialContext();
Hello h = (Hello) ctx.lookup(xyz);

● Portable JNDI name is specified
java:global/foo/bar/HelloEJB

Portable JNDI names
● OrderBean implements Order packaged in
orderejb.jar within orderapp.ear
● java:global/orderapp/orderejb/OrderBean
java:global/orderapp/orderejb/OrderBean!
org.foo.Order
Usable from any application in the container

● java:app/orderejb/OrderBean
java:app/orderejb/OrderBean!com.acme.Order
Fully-qualified interface name

● java:module/OrderBean java:module/OrderBean!
org.foo.Order

Managed Beans 1.0
● Separate spec shipped with Java EE 6
● Container-managed POJOs
● Support a small set of basic services
● Injection (@Resource...)
● Life-cycle (@PostConstruct, @PreDestroy)
● Interceptor (@Interceptor, @AroundInvoke)
● Lightweight component model

Managed Beans 1.0
@javax.annotation.ManagedBean
public class MyPojo {

@Resource
private Datasource ds;

@PostConstruct
private void init() {
....
}

@Interceptors(LoggingInterceptor.class)
public void myMethod() {...}
}

Interceptors 1.1
● Address cross-cutting concerns in Java EE
● Were part of the EJB 3.0 spec
● Now a seperate spec shipped with EJB 3.1
● Can be uses in EJBs...
● … as well as ManagedBeans
● @AroundInvoke
● @AroundTimeout for EJB timers

Agenda
● Quick overview
● New concepts
● JPA 2.0, EJB 3.1, Servlet 3.0, JSF 2.0
● Summary

JPA 2.0
● Evolves separately from EJB now
● JSR 317
● Richer mappings
● Richer JPQL
● Standard config options
● Criteria API
● ...

Richer mapping
● Collection of embeddables and basic types
● Not just collection of JPA entities
● Multiple levels of embeddables
● More flexible support for Maps
● Keys, values can be one of : entities, embeddables
or basic types
● More relationship mapping options
● Unidirectional 1-many foreign key mappings

Collections of Embeddable Types
@Embeddable public class BookReference {
String title;
Float price;
String description;
String isbn;
Integer nbOfPage;
...
}

@Entity public class ListOfGreatBooks {
@ElementCollection
protected Set<BookReference> javaBooks;
@ElementCollection
protected Set<String> tags;
...
}

Richer JPQL
● Added entity type to support non-polymorphic
queries
● Allow joins in subquery FROM clause
● Added new reserved words
● ABS, BOTH, CONCAT, ELSE, END, ESCAPE,
LEADING, LENGTH, LOCATE, SET, SIZE, SQRT,
SUBSTRING, TRAILING

Criteria API
● Strongly typed criteria API
● Object-based query definition objects
● (Rather than JPQL string-based)
● Operates on the meta-model
● Browse the structure of a Persistence Unit
● Dynamically: EntityManager.getMetamodel()
● Statically:
Each entity X has a metamodel class X_
● CriteriaQuery as a query graph

Criteria API
EntityManager em = ...;
CriteriaBuilder cb = em.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Book> query =
cb.createQuery(Book.class);
Root<Book> book = query.from(Book.class);
query.select(book)
.where(cb.equal(book.get("description"), ""));

SELECT b
FROM Book b
WHERE b.description IS EMPTY

Criteria API (Type-safe)

query.select(book)
.where(cb.isEmpty(book.get(Book_.description)));

Statically generated
JPA 2.0 MetaModel

Criteria API (Builder pattern)


query.select(book)
.where(cb.isEmpty(book.get(Book_.description)))
.orderBy(...)
.distinct(true)
.having(...)
.groupBy(...);

List<Book> books =
em.createQuery(query).getResultList();

Standard properties
● In persistence.xml :

● javax.persistence.jdbc.driver
● javax.persistence.jdbc.url
● javax.persistence.jdbc.user
● javax.persistence.jdbc.password
● javax.persistence.lock.scope
● javax.persistence.lock.timeout

And more...
● detach()
● Join<X,Y>, ListJoin, MapJoin
● Orphan removal functionality
● @OneToMany(orphanRemoval=true)
● BeanValidation integration on lifecycle
● Second-level cache API
● @Cacheable annotation on entities
● contain(Class,PK), evict(Class,PK), ...
● Pessimistic locking

Servlet 3.0
● Ease of development
● Pluggability
● Asynchronous support

Ease of development
● Annotations based programming model
● @WebServlet
● @WebFilter
● @WebListener
● @WebInitParam
● Optional web.xml
● Better defaults and CoC

A servlet 3.0 example
@WebServlet(urlPatterns={"/MyApp"})
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

public void doGet (HttpServletRequest req,
HttpServletResponse res){
....
}
}
web.xml is optional

● Same for @WebFilter
and @WebListener

Pluggability
● Fragments are similar to web.xml
● <web-fragment> instead of <web-app>
● Declare their own servlets, listeners and filters
● Annotations and web fragments are merged
following a configurable order
● JARs need to be placed in WEB-INF/lib
● and use /META-INF/web-fragment.xml
● Overridden by main web.xml

And more...
● Async support (Comet-style)
● Static resources in META-INF/resources
● Configuration API
● Add and configure Servlet, Filters, Listeners
● Add security constraints
● Using ServletContext API
● File upload (similar to Apache File Upload)
● Configure cookie session name
● Security with @ServletSecurity

EJB 3.1
● Optional local interface
● Packaging in a war
● Asynchronous calls
● Timer service
● Singleton
● Embeddable container

Optional Local Interface
● @Local, @Remote
● Interfaces are not always needed
● Only for local interfaces
● Remote interfaces are now optional !

@Stateless
public class HelloBean {

public String sayHello() {
return "Hello world!";
}
}

Packaging in a war
foo.ear foo.war
lib/foo_common.jar WEB-INF/classes
com/acme/Foo.class
com/acme/Foo.class
com/acme/FooServlet.class
com/acme/FooEJB.class
foo_web.war
WEB-INF/web.xml
WEB-INF/classes
com/acme/FooServlet.class

foo_ejb.jar
com/acme/FooEJB.class
com/acme/FooEJBLocal.class

Asynchronous calls
● How to have asynchronous call in EJBs ?
● JMS is more about sending messages
● Threads and EJB's don't integrate well
● @Asynchronous
● Applicable to any EJB type
● Best effort, no delivery guarantee
● Method returns void or Future<T>
● javax.ejb.AsyncResult helper class :
return new AsyncResult<int>(result)

Asynchronous calls
@Stateless
public class OrderBean {

public void createOrder() {
Order order = persistOrder();
sendEmail(order); // fire and forget
}

public Order persistOrder() {...}

@Asynchronous
public void sendEmail(Order order) {...}
}

Timer Service
● Programmatic and Calendar based scheduling
● « Last day of the month »
● « Every five minutes on Monday and Friday »

● Cron-like syntax
● second [0..59], minute[0..59], hour[0..23]...
● dayOfMonth[1..31]
● dayOfWeek[0..7] or [sun, mon, tue..]
● Month[0..12] or [jan,feb..]

Timer Service
@Stateless
public class WakeUpBean {

@Schedule(dayOfWeek="Mon-Fri", hour="9")
void wakeUp() {
...
}
}

Singleton
● New component
● No/local/remote interface
● Follows the Singleton pattern
● One single EJB per application per JVM
● Used to share state in the entire application
● State not preserved after container shutdown
● Added concurrency management
● Default is single-threaded
● @ConcurrencyManagement

Singleton
@Singleton
public class CachingBean {

private Map cache;

@PostConstruct void init() {
cache = ...;
}

public Map getCache() {
return cache;
}

public void addToCache(Object key, Object val) {
cache.put(key, val);
}
}

Embeddable Container
● API allowing to : EJB 3.1 Embedded container
Transaction Security Messaging
● Initialize a container manager system engine

● Get container ctx Java SE

● …

● Can run in any Java SE environment
● Batch processing
● Simplifies testing
● Just a jar file in your classpath

Embeddable Container
public static void main(String[] args){

EJBContainer container =
EJBContainer.createEJBContainer();

Context context = container.getContext();

Hello h = (Hello)context.lookup("Global_JNDI_Name");

h.sayHello();

container.close();
}

And more...
● Interceptors and InterceptorBinding
● Singletons can be chained
● Non persistent timer
● @StatefulTimeout
● ...

JSF 2.0
● The standard component-oriented MVC framework
● Part of Java EE 5
● Part of Java EE 6 and Web Profile
● Other frameworks can rely on EE 6 extensibility
● Deserves its 2.0 version number
● New features, issues fixed, performance focus
● Fully available today in Mojarra 2.0.2
● Production-quality implementation
● Part of GlassFish v3

Facelets now preferred VDL
● Facelets (XHTML) as alternative to JSP
● Based on a generic View Description Language
(VDL)
● Can't add Java code to XHTML page
(and “that's a good thing!”™)
● Pages are usable from basic editors
● IDEs offer traditional value-add:
● Auto-completion (EL)
● (Composite) Component management
● Project management, testing, etc...

Setup, configuration
● JSF 2.0 does not mandate Servlet 3.0
● Servlet 2.5 containers will run JSF 2.0
● web.xml may be optional depending on runtime

● faces-config.xml now optional
● @javax.faces.bean.ManagedBean
● Not required with JSR 299
● Navigation can now belong to the page
(<navigation-rules> become optional)

JSF Composite Component
● Using JSF 1.x
● Implement UIComponent, markup in renderer, register in
faces-config.xml, add tld, ...
● With JSF 2.0
● Single file, no Java code needed
● Use XHTML and JSF tags to create components
<html xmlns:cc="http://java.sun.com/jsf/composite">
<cc:interface>
<cc:attribute ...>
<cc:implementation>
● Everything else is auto-wired

/resources/ezcomp/mycomponent.xhtml
Naming the
component
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"
xmlns:composite="http://java.sun.com/jsf/composite"> Defining the

<composite:interface>
component
<composite:attribute name="param"/> Implicit EL object
</composite:interface>

<composite:implementation>
<h:outputText value="Hello there, #{cc.attrs.param}"/>
</composite:implementation>
</html>

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"
Using the xmlns:custom="http://java.sun.com/jsf/composite/ezcomp">
<h:body>
component <custom:mycomponent param="Java EE 6 attendees"/>
</h:body>
</html>

Ajax support
● Inspired by RichFaces, IceFaces, DynaFaces, ...
● Common JavaScript library (jsf.js)
● request JavaScript functions captured by
PartialViewContext for sub-tree processing
● Client JavaScript updates the DOM
<h:commandButton
onclick="jsf.ajax.request(this,event,{render:'foo'});
return false;"/>

● <f:ajax> tag to ajaxify existing pages
xmlns:f="http://java.sun.com/jsf/core"
<h:commandButton>
<f:ajax event="change" execute="myForm" render="foo" />
</h:commandButton>

And more...
● Validation delegated to BeanValidation
● Easier resources management
● Better error reporting
● New managed bean scope (View)
● Groovy support (Mojarra)
● Bookmarkable URLs
● Templating : define and apply layouts
● Project stages (dev vs. test vs. production)
● ...

Agenda
● Quick overview
● New concepts
● Bean Validation, JAX-RS, @Inject, CDI
● Summary

Bean Validation 1.0
● Enable declarative validation in your
applications
● Constrain Once, Validate Anywhere
● restriction on a bean, field or property
● not null, size between 1 and 7, valid email...
● Standard way to validate constraints
● Integration with JPA 2.0 & JSF 2.0

Bean Validation 1.0
public class Address {
@NotNull @Size(max=30,
message="longer than {max} characters")
private String street1;
...
@NotNull @Valid
private Country country;
}

public class Country {
@NotNull @Size(max=20) request recursive
private String name; object graph
... validation
}

Build your own!
@Size(min=5, max=5)
@ConstraintValidator(ZipcodeValidator.class)
@Documented
@Target({ANNOTATION_TYPE, METHOD, FIELD})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface ZipCode {
String message() default "Wrong zipcode";
String[] groups() default {};
}

Integration with JPA 2.0 and JSF 2.0
● Automatic
● No extra code
● Happens during @PrePersist, @PreUpdate,
@PreRemove
● Shows how well integrated EE can be

And more...
● Group subsets of constraints
● Partial validation
● Order constraint validations
● Create your own
● Bootstrap API
● Messages can be i18n
● ...

JAX-RS 1.1
● High-level HTTP API for RESTful Services
● POJO and Annotations Based
● API also available
● Maps HTTP verbs (Get, Post, Put, Delete...)
● JAX-RS 1.0 has been released in 2008
● JAX-RS 1.1 integrates with EJBs
(and more generally with Java EE 6)

Hello World
@Path("/helloworld")
public class HelloWorldResource {

@GET
@Produces("text/plain")
public String sayHello() {
return "Hello World";
}
}
GET http://example.com/helloworld

Hello World

Request
GET /helloworld HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Accept: text/plain
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2008 16:41:58 GMT
Server: GlassFish v3
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Hello World

Different Mime Types
@Path("/helloworld")
public class HelloWorldResource {

@GET @Produces("image/jpeg")
public byte[] paintHello() {
...
@GET @Produces("text/plain")
public String displayHello() {
...
@POST @Consumes("text/xml")
public void updateHello(String xml) {
...
}

Parameters & EJBs
@Path("/users/{userId}")
@Stateless
public class UserResource {

@PersistenceContext
EntityManage em;

@GET @Produces("text/xml")
public String getUser(@PathParam("userId")
String id){

User u = em.find(User.class, id)
...
}
}

And more...
● Different parameters (@MatrixParam,
@QueryParam, @CookieParam ...)
● Support for @Head and @Option
● Inject UriInfo using @Context
● JAX-RS servlet mapping with
@ApplicationPath("rs")
● ...

Injection in Java EE 5
● Common Annotation
● @Resource
● Specialized cases
● @EJB, @WebServicesRef,
@PersistenceUnit …
● Requires managed objects
● EJB, Servlet and JSF Managed Bean in EE 5
● Also in any Java EE 6's
javax.annotation.ManagedBean

Injection in Java EE 6

CDI (JSR 299)
&
@Inject (JSR 330)

Inject just about anything anywhere...
...yet with strong typing

The tale of 2 dependency JSRs
● Context & Dependency Injection for Java EE
● Born as WebBeans, unification of JSF and EJB
● “Loose coupling, strong typing"
● Weld as the reference implementation, others to follow
(Caucho, Apache)
● Dependency Injection for Java (JSR 330)
● Lead by Google and SpringSource
● Minimalistic dependency injection, @Inject
● Applies to Java SE, Guice as the reference impl.

● Both aligned and part of Java EE 6 Web Profile

@Inject
● javax.inject package
● @Inject : Identifies injectable constructors,
methods, and fields
● @Named : String-based qualifier (for EL)
● @Qualifier : Identifies qualifier
● @Scope : Identifies scope annotations
● @Singleton : Instantiates once

Injection

@Inject Customer cust;

injection point type

Qualifier Annotation
@Target({TYPE,METHOD,PARAMETER,FIELD})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Qualifier
public @interface Premium {…}

@Premium // my own qualifier (see above)
public class SpecialCustomer
implements Customer {
public void buy() {…}
}

Injection with qualifier

qualifier (user-defined label)
i.e. « which one? »

@Inject @Premium Customer cust;

injection point type

Contexts (The 'C' in CDI)
● Built-in “Web” Scopes :
● @RequestScoped *: requires Serializable
fields to enable passivation
● @SessionScoped*
● @ApplicationScoped*
● @ConversationScoped*
● Other Scopes
● @Dependent is the default pseudo-scope for
un-scoped beans (same as Managed Beans)
● Build your own @ScopeType
● Clients need not be scope-aware

@ConversationScoped
● A conversation is :
● explicitly demarcated
● associated with individual browser tabs
● accessible from any JSF request
@Named
@ConversationScoped
public class ItemFacade implements Serializable {
@Inject Conversation conversation;
...
conversation.begin(); // long-running
...
conversation.end(); // schedule for destruction

And more...
● Alternatives
● @Alternative annotation on various impl.
● Interceptors & Decorators
● Loosely-coupled orthogonal (technical) interceptors
● @Decorator bound to given interface
● Stereotypes (@Stereotype)
● Captures any of the above common patterns
● Events
● Loosely-coupled (conditional) @Observable events

Java EE 6 is...

Richer
Ligther
Simpler

Application servers are...

Less monolithic
More OSGi based
Ready for other profiles

Time is changing

Java EE 6 and GlassFish v3 shipped
th
final releases on December 10 2009

Want to know more ?
● Covers most specs
● 450 pages about Java EE 6

“The best book ever !” – my sister
“Nice photo at the back” – my mum
“Plenty of pages to draw on” – my daughter

Thanks for your attention!

Q&A

Whats New In Java Ee 6

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