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WHITE PAPER
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING IN A
         SERVICES-ORIENTED WORLD
                            OCTOBER 2009


                              IAN TOMLIN




                       www.encanvas.com
WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning
                                                                     (ERP) in a Services Oriented World


                       Contents




                         Overview ...................................................................................................................3

                         The battle for communities ....................................................................................3

                         The ERP holy grail ....................................................................................................4

                         A new concept of excellence in enterprise computing ......................................7

                         Re-thinking enterprise logic ...................................................................................8

                         Re-discovering IT competitive advantage ......................................................... 11

                         Services-oriented architecture ............................................................................ 13

                         Creating capacity for change .............................................................................. 13

                         Re-modelling for enterprise information management architecture ............ 19

                         Competency matching ......................................................................................... 24

                         Key project stages ................................................................................................ 25

                         Considerations ...................................................................................................... 28

                         Recommendations................................................................................................ 30

                         The role of Encanvas in ERP modernization...................................................... 31

                         Contact Information ............................................................................................. 34




© 2009 Encanvas Inc.                                                                                                                             2
WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning
                                                                        (ERP) in a Services Oriented World

                                       Overview




      The 2000’s has become a          In the 1990’s, the common definition of ‘best IT’ was ‘best ERP system’. IT leaders
      battle to win communities and    were encouraged to believe that one system could be procured and deployed to
      this has moved the value focus   support all essential business continuity processes of the enterprise whilst at the
      of computing out of the data     same time provide a single version of the truth. That was then. The 2000’s has
      centre and into the portal...
                                       become a battle to win communities and this has moved the value focus of
                                       computing out of the data centre and into the portal where people networks and
                                       the consumption of knowledge are the winning tickets.

                                       This paper examines the changing role of Enterprise Resource Planning.



                                       The battle for communities

                                       For most businesses, the 21st century has become a battle for hearts and minds; a
                                       battle for communities. Whether the driving force is to reach out to and win new
                                       customers, work more closely with industry partners to achieve common goals or
                                       source new talent and new ideas from a shrinking talent pool, organizations are
                                       under pressure to be the best at harnessing communities of people. In this race,
                                       data remains the critical weapon. But traditional perspectives of enterprise
                                       computing are not only at odds with this ethos, they often stand between the
                                       organization and its new priorities.




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                                                                        (ERP) in a Services Oriented World

                                     The ERP holy grail

                                     When they first arrived on the scene in the 1980’s, the promise of vendors was ERP
                                     systems could provide a single version of the truth spanning the entire enterprise
                                     information management architecture, and bag full boiler-plated processes that
                                     would bring any business tangible benefits through process optimization.

                                     The perfect prescription for operational excellence?
                                     ERP systems arrived at a time when the management concept of enterprise
     ERP systems arrived at a time
                                     performance was closely coupled with operational excellence. Books like ‘In Search
     when the management
     concept of enterprise
                                     of Excellence’ by Thomas J. Peters ad Robert H. Waterman Jr. were doing the
     performance was closely         rounds in management circles preaching the gospel of ‘mechanization rules’ and
     coupled with operational        exampling through case stories how managers could organize their people
     excellence...                   through more robust process models. The 1980’s was the decade ERP appeared to
                                     be the perfect prescription to boost productivity in the office by formalizing who
                                     does what when and capturing data at the earliest point in a process.

                                     There can be no doubt that for some organizations the majority of users have
                                     been better served by the adoption of a common core business information
                                     platform. But the business impact of ERP has been far from miraculous.

                                     More than one system
                                     The promise of ERP was that organizations could operate a single integrated
                                     computing platform to serve their business information management needs.

     ERP systems today commonly      In reality, ERP systems today commonly serve less than half the information needs
     serve less than half the        of the enterprise and hold less than half of the corporate information assets
     information needs of the        essential to business success – a proportion that is declining still further. IT leaders
     enterprise and hold less than   bent on creating a single harmonized IT universe find their plans crushed as their
     half of the corporate
                                     organizations decide to acquire, merge or collaborate with other businesses that
     information...
                                     operate vastly different systems. When the Mecca of ‘a single system and single
                                     version of the truth’ looks moments away, the dream is stolen by broadening
                                     business demands for collaboration and outsourcing.

                                     Contributing towards the demotion of corporals
                                     The headlong charge for mechanization of processes ignored the critical role that
                                     leadership at all levels of the enterprise has in business success. In the 1980’s
                                     business leaders were convinced that deeper process automation would eradicate
                                     imperfections in processes caused by human error. The Quality Assurance Manual
                                     became the new gospel of business and articulated how the enterprise worked.
                                     Systemic automation of processes by implementing ERP software would be the
                                     herald of change and nothing would stand in its way. The consequence of this
                                     strategy is that most organizations now lack competent ‘corporals’ – leaders that
                                     exist at departmental and team level within the enterprise with the creative skills
                                     and experience to adapt to change at departmental level in order to achieve



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                                                                        (ERP) in a Services Oriented World

                                     higher level business strategic goals. The human face of these actions is
                                     experienced by customers and partners – poor customer service resulting from a
                                     lack of adaptability of processes that directly leads to a lowering of customer
                                     value. For example, consider the experience of phoning a call centre and asking for
                                     a service that isn’t on speed-dial. The likelihood is that customers will be
                                     forwarded to a customer service representative who is unable to offer any service
                                     resolution beyond the automated scripts on their computer monitor. And should
                                     resolutions require the involvement of other departments, it’s most likely that the
                                     call will be transferred to a new point of contact and the ownership of problem
     ERP systems arrived at a time   resolution remains with the customer. Adapting processes by learning from these
     when the management             experiences is very difficult without perceptive ‘corporals’ who have the authority,
     concept of enterprise           information and skills to take charge.
     performance was closely
     coupled with operational
                                              Historians now believe that the success or failure of military campaigns has much
     excellence...
                                              to due to the ability and encouragement of lower-ranking officers to take the
                                              initiative and lead small teams of soldiers to overcome the challenges they faced
                                              in the field as they happened. Without innovative and talented section
                                              commanders to deal with emerging situations, as battlefield communications
                                              breakdown armies quickly became dysfunctional.


                                     Compromising agility
                                     ERP systems have proved difficult and costly to adapt to business needs and
                                     conditions. All major systems require programming skills to adapt them. Creating
                                     new processes can take months to implement and adapting them to meet even
                                     minor compliance and accounting requirements can cost many thousands of
                                     dollars. Even installing ERP systems has often had an enormous negative impact
                                     on organizations.

                                              When the European function of a global electronics manufacturer deployed its
                                              ERP system in 2006, it took three years to get the core system operating smoothly
                                              and even then country operations complained that they couldn’t transact
                                              business ‘the way their customers wanted them to because of an absence of
                                              service product codes. When customers wanted to bundle products into managed
                                              service offerings, the ERP system couldn’t support the complexity of accounting
                                              country operations were accustomed to with their previous country-specific
                                              accounting solutions.


                                     System complexity
     The presumption business        The presumption business leaders had when implementing ERP systems in the
     leaders had when                1980’s was that it would simplify the harmonization of computer systems. Yet ERP
     implementing ERP systems in     has proven to have little effect on the front-office and the creative processes that
     the 1980’s was that it would
                                     drive customer value. Still today, large organizations operate enormous computer
     simplify the harmonization of
     computer systems...             systems and do not always have the level of control over programs and systems
                                     they would like.




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WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning
                                                                          (ERP) in a Services Oriented World

                                                A survey of 163 companies that had implemented enterprise resource planning
                                                systems conducted by Accenture in the early 2000’s found that the mean number
                                                of instances (separate and distinct implementations of the same software across
                                                regions or business units) was eight, with 32% having implemented from six to
                                                more than 20 distinct instances.

                                       Such fragmented implementations results in disparate, disconnected sources of
                                       operational information.

                                       Doing IT to people, not for people
      Empirical evidence suggests      Empirical evidence suggests the impact of ‘IT imposed’ ERP process automation is
      the impact of ‘IT imposed’ ERP   to transfer accountability of information management performance away from
      process automation is to         process owners to the IT department. A blame culture emerges towards failure of
      transfer accountability of
                                       IT when many of the causes of failure have to do with its poor ‘fit’ to business
      information management
                                       needs. Deployment of large scale IT projects over the last 30 years has shown that
      performance away from
      process owners to the IT         ‘doing IT to people’ (i.e. When IT departments take accountability and ownership
      department.                      of project outcomes, defining scope of use and success) reduces functional
                                       accountability and prohibits a culture of curiosity in the way processes work today
                                       or should work tomorrow.

                                                Organizations like financial services firm Investec in South Africa that have asked
                                                their people to come up with their own processes based on business needs have
                                                surprisingly found that the process models they end up with are at odds with the
                                                imposed processes, were significantly less complex and work better at lower cost.
                                                In addition, processes are more adaptive to change because managers and
                                                contributors are fully aware of the reason WHY process steps are taken and can
                                                therefore question their validity. According to Investec this has lead to more
                                                double loop learning (ie. Doing better things rather than doing things better).


                                       Garbage it, garbage out
      Data quality continues to be     Data quality continues to be the ERP killer. Half a century of enterprise computing
      the ERP value killer. Half a     has done little to address the problem of data quality and enrichment. The
      century of enterprise            challenge of keeping data current in IT systems was best articulated by Nancy
      computing has done little to     Rybeck, global data warehouse architect and data administrator for Emerson
      address the fundamental
                                       Process Management in her online article for Information Management titled ‘The
      problem of data quality and
      enrichment.                      Bane of CRM: Data Quality’ where she states, “Quite frankly, most sane people
                                       don't find cleansing data any more fun than cleaning the toilet.”

                                       Maintaining data quality is the mucky end of computing that nobody wants to be
                                       associated with but has arguably the biggest influence on usefulness and value.

                                                IT analyst firm Bloor estimates that 84% of data migration projects within large-
                                                scale ERP projects have failed, overran their budgets, or both.

                                                A report by The Data Warehousing Institute in 2002 suggested that problems
                                                keeping data current cost businesses in the United States more than $600 billion
                                                per year. Findings were based on interviews with industry experts, customers and
                                                survey data from 647 respondents.


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                                        Whilst harvesting data from beyond the walls of the enterprise serves to enrich the
                                        quality of data, maintaining the data quality of core systems remains a key
                                        challenge for IT managers and a strong reason why control over core systems
                                        must remain with seasoned IT professionals.


                                        A new concept of excellence in enterprise computing

                                        Business computing grew up to serve the silos of operation that existed in
                                        organizations at a time when it was okay to have silos. It supported the status quo
                                        where departmental heads could retain their status around the boardroom table
      ERP systems encouraged            by owning ‘a piece of the enterprise’ and any asset relating to their domain.
      siloism by offering shrink-       Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software systems encouraged this siloism by
      wrapped process automation        offering shrink-wrapped process automation solutions for the finance manager,
      solutions...                      HR manager, logistics manager and sales and marketing managers (CRM). While
                                        every department could be assured that ERP systems improve the performance of
                                        the processes each department head, there were sweets enough for everyone to
                                        encourage a spending spree on ERP systems. What has changed to shatter this
                                        panacea model of corporate computing was not the performance of IT
                                        departments to deliver ERP (though it has proved to be expensive and difficult to
                                        adapt), but the environment of business. Globalization, the Internet, more
                                        demanding and individualistic consumers, an always online markets and the hyper
                                        growth economies of Asia – all of these factors have forever changed the
                                        landscape of business so that business leaders must now re-evaluate their
                                        strategies every year rather than every 10, 20 or 50 years. Agility has become the
                                        watchword of business.

                                                 A 2006 survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit of 336 senior corporate
                                                 executives, one quarter of whom were CEOs, found that 47% of respondents
                                                 anticipated major changes to their business model within three years. Hyper-
                                                 competitive global markets of the 21st century demand a kind of organization
                                                 that thinks and behaves differently.

                                        As business success increasingly depends on the ability of the enterprise to always
                                        fit its most competitive markets, demands for agile information management
                                        processes inevitably fall at the door of IT leaders who find themselves asked to
                                        change the course of their information management systems developments
                                        minute by minute in response to new business situations (akin to standing on the
                                        bridge of an oil tanker with minimal steerage and scant room to manoeuvre). The
      The role of ERP systems has
                                        role of ERP systems has been caught up in a boardroom crossfire resulting from an
      been caught up in a
      boardroom crossfire resulting
                                        unprecedented shift in the concept of excellence in enterprise computing: a move
      from an unprecedented shift       from ‘best system and boiler-plate processes’ to ‘the most adaptive and
      in the concept of excellence...   supportive of change’.




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                       Re-thinking enterprise logic

                       The mechanistic management beliefs of the 19th century sustain in many
                       organizations; the core logic of the enterprise being that productivity at all costs is
                       king that emerged in the industrial age. Leaders and managers think of people as
                       cogs in a machine composed of production line workflows, an ‘economic engine’
                       fuelled by transactions processed at the lowest cost to produce the highest
                       potential value. (The huge risk is the business ignores the broader talent potential
                       of workers, leaving workers feeling undervalued because they can’t leverage their
                       full ‘talent value’.)

                                “Many organizations haven’t changed the way they think and work in
                                decades. Exposing these issues and finding a route to greater levels of agility is
                                something most corporations can benefit from.” James McNerney, CEO, Boeing.


                       This perspective or organizational ‘thinking and acting’ is increasingly at odds with
                       the modern world.

                       Globalization
                       The global marketplace has hit the business world on many different levels. Most
                       obvious is the drift of economic growth towards the emerging economies of China
                       and India (with one eye on the sleeping giants of Russia and Africa). It’s thought
                       by the middle of this century India and China might well be producing 80% of the
                       world’s consumer products. For major corporations of today, globalization means
                       making sure they have a share in high growth markets. It means hugely scaling
                       organizations to lever corporate talent assets on a global stage. Very often, it also
                       means mergers and acquisitions to scale organizations to compete in a world of
                       corporate titan brands.

                       Some of these global brands are emerging from the Far East. HTC Corporation is
                       an example of a new generation global corporation that has leveraged its
                       component manufacturing of processors to grow into the fast growing mobile
                       phone industry. Now HTC competes with the biggest phone manufacturers around
                       the world. The presumption that emerging economies will settle for being ‘cheap’
                       places to manufacture is proving to be flawed logic. In all industries, corporations
                       from India and China are innovating.

                                In a survey of Chinese and U.S. manufacturers by Industry Week, 54% of Chinese
                                companies cited innovation as one of their top objectives, compared with only
                                26% of U.S. respondents. Today, Chinese companies spend more on worker
                                training and enterprise management software than their Western counterparts.


                       Human cogs that don’t fit anymore
                       Opportunities to cut human data entry costs and streamline processes have all but
                       eradicated the use of people in administrative roles where systemization is
                       possible. The refined role of information workers in business today is to engineer


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                                         change, inject ideas and sustain key processes that demand high levels of
                                         competency. But ‘Generation Y’ (the young people leaving education today) is not
                                         happy to commit to a lifetime of employment with one employer. Registering that
                                         employers are no longer able or prepared to promise a job for life – and buoyed
                                         by the demand for information worker talent – Gen-Y is looking for a new deal
                                         and the opportunity to focus on their specialist work role rather than have their
                                         work-life compromised by having to fit into the confines of a job role. Employers
                                         who fail to lever a higher proportion of the talents of individuals risk losing that
                                         talent. This is driving demand for social operating systems in business and new
                                         ‘social’ ways of working.


                                         A global war for talent
                                         For various reasons resourcing of talent is becoming a growth threat. Today,
                                         profitable organizations see a concerning dichotomy: a spiral of demand for talent
                                         to fuel innovation and competitive advantage is happening in an era where
                                         generations of experienced workers are retiring. A global opportunity for
                                         knowledge workers ‘without borders’ means scarcity of talent is becoming a major
                                         threat to business success.

                                                  The more scarce skilled workers become the more corporations battle for the
                                                  best people. Indian companies surveyed by The Economist reported that over 50
                                                  percent of their employees had been contacted by another organization, resulting
                                                  in a 40 percent turnover rate.

                                         Information consumerism
                                         The 21st century has become an era of information consumerism.

                                         The modern weapons of commerce – the Internet, advertising and brands – are
                                         shaping the values and beliefs of individuals. In a chicken-and-egg way, a new
                                         vehicle for communication changes society that in turn impacts the way people
                                         want to communicate. And so it goes on. The digital age means that in large parts
                                         of the Western Hemisphere, individuals have instant access to news through
                                         digital TV and radio channels and on the Internet. With the emergence of
                                         participative technologies and social operating systems, these individuals can have
                                         even greater influence over buying decisions and brand behaviors.

       Society and business are          Society and business are increasingly bound by a digital cloudspace that shares
       increasingly bound by a digital   the thoughts, opinions, and passions of a global online community. It is forming a
       cloudspace that shares the        market-place of intellect and talent; a global meeting place for a generation born
       thoughts, opinions, and
                                         of computers and giving the Internet its conscience. Influencing the growth in
       passions of a global online
       community.                        information consumerism are increasing levels of computer literacy in young
                                         people. Corporate computing has fallen behind technology innovation in the
                                         consumer space – so much so that most new innovation in software development
                                         – digital media, mapping, social networking, e-commerce markets, language
                                         translation – are fuelling by demand coming from online consumer communities.


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                                                In January 2009, Toronto-based research firm Harris Decima surveying Generation
                                                Y workers about their attitudes towards technology. In their report ‘Freedom to
                                                Compute: The Empowerment of Generation Y’ they stated that approximately 69
                                                per cent of the more than 1,000 people surveyed in said they regard themselves
                                                as highly proficient computer users. This was particularly true among those
                                                between 18 and 29 with postgraduate degrees, 80 per cent of whom said they
                                                were highly proficient. The author of the report states, “Proficiency in this group
                                                is thought of in terms of usage and customization - not software development".

                                       The ideological transition of enterprise logic is slowly being exposed through
                                       changing business behaviors and an evolving role for IT:

                                       Near constant merging of systems and processes
     The idea of getting a ‘pure       Many business strategies demand that organizations or silos merge and this has
     Oracle’ or ‘pure SAP’ unified     an inevitable impact on the systems they use. The idea of getting a ‘pure Oracle’ or
     system becomes unachievable
                                       ‘pure SAP’ unified system becomes unachievable when the pace of merger and
     when the pace of merger and
     adaptation means that no          adaptation means that no process or departmental silo is left untouched and the
     process or departmental silo is   probability of operating a business empire with a single pure blood ERP system
     left untouched.                   becomes more of a pipe dream than an ambition.

                                       A new profile of data resources
                                       At one time it was thought that up to 40% of corporate critical data was held on
                                       core database systems while 60% of data was likely to exist in the minds and
                                       laptop drives of information workers who serve themselves with information and
                                       who willingly support business processes by calling on contributions of effort and
                                       knowledge found in their social networks. Today organizations are serving broader
     Today organizations are           information needs by giving workers access to online information services –
     serving broader information       systems like Googlemaps, Answers.com, LinkedIn, BBC, Met-office and other third
     needs by giving workers           party data sources - to access knowledge and cross-thread information to build
     access to online information      new views of information. Could it be that in the next decade, information workers
     services.
                                       will access more data from outside of their organization than from within?
                                       Certainly it’s likely as the volumes of data accessible to people from the Internet
                                       grows exponentially.

                                       Federation of portal workspaces
                                       People networks and processes are extending across silos and beyond the
                                       enterprise to serve the information needs of specialist communities. For security
                                       chief this means it’s no longer is it possible to secure the outer boundary of the
                                       enterprise (there isn’t one). Workers themselves want the ability to discharge their
                                       role no matter where they are. The growing popularity of home-workers and
                                       flexible-workers is putting even greater pressures on IT teams to extend networks,
                                       processes and IT systems beyond the Firewall.

                                       Demand for federated portal environments is also coming from sub contractors,
                                       customers and industry partners who today want to share insights, performance
                                       metrics and project outcomes. An increasing number of individuals are choosing



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                                         to work as self-employed contractors. These highly skilled individuals are prized by
                                         employers who will work hard to service their information needs in order to retain
                                         their services.

                                         The need for greater re-use of corporate data assets
                                         The ability to improve decision making, workforce productivity and the
                                         effectiveness of processes by re-using corporate data assets is hampered by
                                         complex data architectures and the high cost and complexity of IT projects. The
                                         wall between the business and its IT function continues to stand. Faced with
                                         unhappy information workers who claim not to have seen a significant change in
                                         their productivity since the Spreadsheet, IT leaders are under pressure to find
                                         better ways of re-using corporate data assets.

                                                     Volkswagen has introduced a new role of ‘process improvement manager’ to
                                                     embed IT skills into improvement teams. The introduction of this new role has
                                                     helped Volkswagen to govern the continual improvement in processes by
                                                     devolving IT responsibilities deeper into the business and to harness IT skills in a
                                                     way that instils a sustained improvement agenda.



                                         Re-discovering IT competitive advantage

                                         With the continuity of systems expected as a ‘given’, IT leaders are today being
                                         measured on their contributions to drive process improvement and the
                                         achievement of corporate outcomes through technology innovation. Releasing
                                         capacity to achieve marked innovation improvements becomes the significant
                                         challenge.

       In the early days of IT, even     In the early days of IT, even moderate expenditure in systems and software could
       moderate expenditure in           generate highly visible returns to the business. Newly automated business
       systems and software could        processes and information worker insights and tools made huge strides in
       generate highly visible returns   delivering value back to the business; further bolstered by a reduction in head-
       to the business. Not today...
                                         count. But these rewards have lessened over time. Over the last decade -
                                         challenged by the complexity of IT software architectures, spaghetti hosting
                                         platform infrastructures and a steady stream of complex upgrades and
                                         enhancements - the size of IT budgets has skyrocketed without significant inroads
                                         being made into workforce productivity, customer value or shareholder benefits.

                                                   Over time, the competitive advantage derived from investments in IT has declined

                                                                1950’s     1960’s       1970’s       1980’s       1990’s      2000’


                                         Share holder value
                                                               $$$$$$     $$$$$$       $$$$$$      $$$$$$
                                          Customer value                                                          $$$$            $
                                                                $$$$       $$$$         $ $$$$     $$$$$$
                                            Innovation                                                           $$$$$           $$$
                                                                 $$         $$           $$$$      $$$$$$        $$$$$$         $$$$
                                                                  $          $            $$$$     $$$$$$        $$$$$$        $$$$$$

                                         Business continuity




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                                          Recent attempts to increase in customer value have been seen in customer service
                                          centres and online web portals. Organizations have invested $millions in
                                          Customer Relationship Management systems and associated online strategies But
                                          too great a focus on process mechanization with too little regard for the human-
                                          centricity of organizational design (i.e. honouring social processes, killing the
                                          corporals, the need to harvest talent, register the role of social networks, set
                                          behavioral standards etc.) has won incremental value in one area of customer
                                          value to the detriment of other areas of customer service quality and workforce
                                          goodwill.

                                                  Since the 1990’s the level of shareholder value from IT investments has plateaued


                                           25


                                           20


                                           15                                                                        Customer Value
                                                                                                                     Shareholder Value

                                           10                                                                        Process Mechanization
                                                                                                                     Workforce Productivity

                                            5


                                            0
                                                 1960's    1970's    1980's     1990's     2000's

                                                                                         Source: NDMC Consulting 2005: Illustrating the value of IT to the business:



                                          Vanilla IT
      Vanilla IT – Have IT leaders lost   One argument explaining why this has happened is that corporations have
      the will to seek out competitive    lowered their aspirations for technology and IT leaders have broadly come to
      advantage from IT systems?          accept ‘vanilla IT’ as the status quo. They’ve lost the will to seek out competitive
                                          advantage from IT systems. A belief of many technology gurus is that enterprise
                                          computing has become more about ‘standards and compliance’ than competitive
                                          advantage – better for every player in a market to use the same underpinning
                                          technology stack nulling out the influence of IT on competitiveness.

                                                   Regulation is driving information technology (IT) spend and this is stifling
                                                   innovation. We are seeing ‘vanilla IT’. Vanilla IT has become too prevalent in
                                                   many large enterprises. The organization is preventing users having anywhere
                                                   near the computing power they have at home. James Bennet, Director of
                                                   Technology, Communications and Entertainment at Ernst & Young




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                                          Services-oriented architecture

      SOA - Enables the aggregation
                                          A services oriented architecture enables the aggregation of a diverse portfolio of
      of a diverse portfolio of IT
      assets in order to deliver          IT assets in order to deliver business services that support operations more
      business services.                  effectively, with minimal effort, and without the need for specialized skills. In a
                                          services oriented architecture, programs are essentially turned into black boxes
                                          that can be used to build new business services without any knowledge of where
                                          or on what system they are running.
      Companies with ERP systems
      will immediately benefit from       Companies with ERP systems investments will immediately benefit from years of
      years of data asset                 data asset investments as this knowledge becomes accessible to departments and
      investments...                      decision makers across the enterprise. Technology investments can feed off each
      While IT gurus argue over the       other creating the maximum value and improving return on assets. While IT gurus
      source of competitive               argue that competitive innovation will likely come from innovations in cloud
      innovation - without the ability
                                          computing, social operating systems, agile development and web portal strategies,
      to access, transform and re-use
      corporate information assets -
                                          without the ability to access, transform and re-use corporate information assets,
      opportunities to lever              there can be little doubt that opportunities to lever competitive advantage are
      competitive advantage are           significantly constrained.
      significantly constrained.
                                          Perceived value benefits of migrating to a services oriented architecture and operating environment
                                                             (employing social operating systems and data mashup tools)




                                                                                                                          Source: Encanvas Ltd 2008©

                                          Creating capacity for change

      For IT leaders, the key challenge   For IT leaders, the key challenge today is to rekindle the competitive impact of the
      today is to rekindle the            IT function through adoption of a services-oriented architecture but to do this
      competitive impact of the IT
                                          requires a re-alignment of investment to value: economies have to be found in
      function.
                                          operational budgets to release capacity and money for innovation. A number of
                                          embryonic strategies are surfacing in the boardroom (often sponsored by CIOs / IT
                                          leaders) to facilitate this resourcing transformation:




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                                          Passing responsibility back to line-of-business managers
      IT leaders are happily jumping
                                          IT leaders are happily jumping on the willingness of (increasingly IT literate) line-
      on the willingness of line-of-
      business managers to take           of-business managers to take accountability for IT projects to try out and validate
      accountability for IT projects to   new innovations. With information management being so critical to workforce
      try out and validate new            productivity and process excellence, progressive line-of-business managers are
      innovations.                        leading the charge to try new things and lever technologies they use in their social
                                          lives that have yet to cross the Rubicon into the business world. The deal being
                                          offering by resource constrained IT leaders is straight-forward: “So long as it
                                          doesn’t threaten business continuity or security, see if you can make it work in
                                          your department and, if you can, then we’ll talk.”

                                                   The report ‘Greater Business Value" published in 2008 by IT industry analysts
                                                   Gartner Inc. exploring the changing landscape of enterprise business intelligence
                                                   states that by 2012, business units, not technology departments, will be held
                                                   responsible for more than 40 percent of the total budget for BI projects. They add
                                                   “While technology departments might be making decisions about what
                                                   technology products to run, business units will be the ones deciding what to do
                                                   with those tools once they're in the enterprise.”

                                          Cross-sourcing operational IT duties
                                          To align IT budgets away from operational pressures towards innovation,
                                          organizations are exploring outsourcing and cross-sourcing arrangements with IT
                                          services companies where proficient expertise can be acquired on demand to
                                          serve operational demands. Key areas of outsourcing include applications
                                          engineering, help-desk, upgrades, security and platform administration.

                                          Platform outsourcing and cloud computing
      Cloud computing - a computing       Cloud computing is a computing model by which users gain access to their
      model by which users gain           preferred portfolio of information services from anywhere, through an Internet
      access to their preferred
                                          browser. The term ‘cloud’ is used as a metaphor to suggest a digital cloud that’s
      portfolio of information services
                                          everywhere; supplying a seemingly endless source of processing resources. The
      from anywhere, through an
      Internet browser.                   advent of cloud computing is providing new opportunities for organizations to call
                                          on the investments and expertise of specialist platform management vendors. The
                                          cost of maintaining systems and supporting demands for change is encouraging IT
                                          leaders to consider moving their systems to ‘the clouds’.

                                                   The growth rate of cloud computing is expected to be over five times that of on-
                                                   premise IT delivery and consumption models. Market analysts IDC suggest that
                                                   ‘One third of all new IT investment will go on cloud-based technologies by 2013’.
                                                   By 2012, they predict, customer spending on IT cloud services will grow almost
                                                   threefold to $42 billion.


                                          Adopting agile design and self-service tools to serve up agile IT
                                          An unsupportable level of demand for information is causing IT leaders to
                                          consider new ways of bringing more self-serviceability of applications to online
                                          web workers.



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                                                  Middle managers spend more than a quarter of their time searching for
                                                  information necessary to their jobs, and when they do find it, it is often wrong.
                                                  Source: Accenture Information Management Systems sponsored survey, January
                                                  2007.

                                         In response to these demands, IT leaders are adopting services-oriented
                                         information management architectures whereby IT teams forge ‘formal’ data links
                                         to core data sources to make ‘web services’ available to business users on their
                                         own terms. Information is served up in a form that is easily understood and may
                                         be re-used time and again by users for different applications without creating a
     The risk for IT teams of making     mishmash of data structures and connections to systems that would degrade
     more self-service tools available   database performance and be impossible to regulate or sustain. The risk for IT
     to departments is a free-for-all    teams of making more self-service tools available to departments is a free-for-all
     that results in unmanageable        that results in unmanageable data structures and risks of data corruption, security
     data structures...
                                         breaches and accounting errors owing to users unknowingly looking at the wrong
                                         data – or worse still, exposing sensitive data to unauthorized people.

                                         Advances in operating systems and Rich Internet technologies are introducing a
                                         new generation of software applications that provide pint-and-click tools for IT
                                         teams to design and deploy new business applications without the overheads of
                                         integration and programming. These tools enable IT teams to design applications
                                         iteratively in consort with business stakeholders. Not only do these new design
                                         methods increase the likelihood of better applications, they also remove the costs
                                         of reworking (i.e. Re-coding applications when authored solutions don’t meet the
                                         business need/user expectation).

                                         Mashing up the enterprise
     The Long-tail of applications       The people responsible for innovation, sales growth and the empowerment of
     demand – Small communities of       cross-organizational teams represent a proportionately small group of users as a
     users demanding                     proportion of the total enterprise community, yet their demands for applications
     proportionately large numbers       are disproportionately high creating what has become known as the ‘long-tail of
     of applications.
                                         applications’ (see how the diagram stretches out to the right because of small
                                         numbers of users demanding a larger number of applications to serve their needs).

                                                     The long-tail of applications; a driver for service-oriented architectures




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                                           Social operating systems
                                           The successor to enterprise portal suites, these systems manage and facilitate
                                           human social relationships and interactions to provide individuals with a means of
                                           accessing social networks, content, applications and communications tools at any
                                           time. The always online society made possible by the Internet and mobile
                                           computing is the primary factor behind the timely arrival of social operating
                                           systems while the so-called ‘participative age’ is the prime driver of demand. The
      Social operating systems place       marked difference between social operating systems and the enterprise portal
      people networks at the core of
                                           suites that precede them is the realization that people and their networks must be
      computing architectures.
                                           at the very core of the computing architectures if they are to be successful rather
                                           than databases (i.e. ‘doing IT for people, not to them’).

                                           Exposing the rich social fabric that underpins business life and capturing meta-
                                           information on user behaviors, relationships, knowledge sharing, document
                                           collaboration etc. means for the first time that IT systems can progressively learn
                                           what matters most to users inviting a new era of collective intelligence and
                                           wisdom. It’s not inconceivable that within a matter of a few years, social operating
                                           systems will be able to serve relevant content to users even before they know they
                                           need it, and the greater use of natural language enquiry and predictive models
                                           could further sharpen the ability of systems to almost instinctively interpret and
                                           respond to user needs.

                                           With social operating systems, the concept of networks morphs from a vision of
                                           wires and computers to people and their relationship ties. Social operating
                                           systems might be considered the ultimate end-game of computing; a human-
                                           centric computing model that binds information, knowledge and wisdom to
                                           people and communities. Only recently has business computing shared with the
                                           consumer world a similar vista of the future as interest in social networking, and its
                                           business impact, has grown.

      For business, the critical role of   For business, the critical role of social operating systems is to facilitate the creation
      social operating systems is to       of gated social networks that may be used as part of organizational design
      facilitate the creation of gated     because they can be made accountable for delivery of specific project outcomes
      social networks...
                                           while contributors are contracted for their specific contributions to the outcomes.

                                           This organizational design component removes any potential lack of clarity over
                                           intellectual property ownership, terms and conditions of contributions etc. and
                                           makes on-demand resourcing of talent and knowledge markets a realistic
                                           possibility. This is exampled in the illustration overleaf that shows the
                                           requirements of a gated social network for business.




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                                                            Design components of a gated situational social network.




                                             (                      ,                                  ,                        );
                                                                                                                                 End of people-
                                               The organization   Comma                                       Two less
                                                                                   Your senior                                   grid           ‘Rest-of-
                                               owns the           signifies the                               senior
                                               intellectual       end of the first team of three              participants in                   World’
                                               property of the    level of         people                     the network
                                               People-grid.       hierarchy

                                                                                                   Comma
                                                                                                   signifies the
                                           Brackets         You – the                              end of the
                                                                                                                       End of secure
                                           denote a         originator and                                             network
                                                                                                   second level
                                           secure           owner of the                           of hierarchy
                                           network.         network



                                                                                  Copyright NDMC Ltd 2006 ©




      The emergence of social         The emergence of social operating systems is hugely relevant to ERP strategy
      operating systems is hugely     because these platforms promise to become the future consumption vehicle for
      relevant to ERP strategy
                                      corporate information assets; where the App Stores and information services they
      because these platforms
      promise to become the future
                                      employ become the information building blocks that bridge between the
      consumption vehicle for         traditional world of enterprise computing and the new world of secure online
      corporate information assets.   communities and millions of unique information experiences delivered online
                                      every day.

                                      Social operating systems are the essence of human-centric computing – easy to
                                      use, focused around the ego-centric needs of individuals and their social networks.
                                      Their broad capabilities require significant investment from vendors and this
                                      prohibits the number of potential vendors likely to be able to offer mature
                                      solutions.

                                      Current front-runners vying for inclusion in the early stage social operating
                                      systems market include such names as Apple, Facebook and Google. Other
                                      companies on the fringe and likely to break into this market include Amazon, eBay,
                                      Cisco, Microsoft, IBM, Oracle, Socialcast, BlueKiwi, LinkedIn, Encanvas (Squork) and
                                      Jive.

                                      Social operating systems exploit Rich Internet platforms to provide easy-to-learn-
                                      and-use applications accessible anywhere. They combine data mashup
                                      applications, exploit web services and adopt the ‘App Store’ concept popularized
                                      by the iPhone to recycle and re-use applications. They also focus more on the
                                      support of ‘social processes’ to serve human needs for appropriate protocols
                                      supporting casual, informal and formal conversations together and giving social
                                      context to the interaction of people.




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                                                    Social operating systems support a rich feature-set limiting the number of players

                                                 Identity & access controls                       Directory and lookup                       Person-to-person comms




                                                                                 Relationships




                                                                                                                             Communication
                                      Security
                                                 Data governance &                                Social networks                            Group comms
                                                 security                                         Social graphing                            File transfer
                                                 Systems, data transfer &                         Recommendations                            Web-chat
                                                 networks
                                                                                                  Social coordination                        VOIP
                                                 Rights management
                                                                                                  Spam control                               Email
                                                 IP ownership
                                                                                                                                             SMS

                                                 Semantic tag content                             Desk sharing                               Classified advertising
                                     Content




                                                                                                                            Commerce
                                                                                Collaboration
                                                 management                                       Document collaboration                     Auctions
                                                 Data visualization tools                         Recommendation                             Shopping
                                                 Recommendations                                  Project management                         Recommendations
                                                 Collective intelligence                          Activity management                        Knowledge markets
                                                 Search                                           Outcome measures                           Talent markets



                                                 Re-usable applications and                       Web Services                               Agile dev. tools
                                     App Store




                                                                               Data Integration




                                                                                                                            Agile Dev.
                                                 mashups                                          Data mashups                               Logic
                                                 Mobility                                         Data Connectors                            Data mart and store
                                                 Maps                                             Information Flow Design                    creation
                                                 Business Intelligence                                                                       Custom programming
                                                 Dashboards                                                                                  Application Life-cycle
                                                 Reports (etc.)




     Social operating systems       Social operating systems leverage new asynchronous hybrid forms of peer-to-peer
     leverage new asynchronous      and group web-chat communications that have advantages over email given that
     hybrid forms of peer-to-peer   interactions are live, group-based and more secure; delivering a user experience
     and group web-chat...
                                    more in-tune with a generation of web-workers accustomed to ‘instant’
                                    communications and collaboration over the Web.


                                                 ‘Hybrid’ social web-chat technologies bring people together on the same page




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                                            Inclusive security
                                            A major inhibitor to innovation in IT has been the threat of data security breaches
                                            and non-compliance brought about by use of inappropriate systems. It’s no longer
                                            possible for organizations to protect their outer boundaries; with the advent of
      Inclusive security – It’s no longer
      possible to protect the outer
                                            collaborative working practises sub-contractors, industry partners and customers
      boundary of the enterprise...         all expect to access information that has traditionally been held within the Firewall
                                            of the enterprise. For this reason the computing industry has moved towards
                                            inclusive security models that govern identity management and access to systems,
                                            data governance, system security and intellectual property rights management.
                                            Overcoming these security threats without creating a burden of operating
                                            overheads (the result of having to perform unwieldy data governance and
                                            administration tasks) makes adoption of new approaches more possible and more
                                            affordable.



                                            Re-modelling for enterprise information management architecture

                                            With the inevitable acceptance that there can never be a ‘closed corporate
                                            information management system’, the assumed role of ERP systems is now under
                                            scrutiny. The question now being asked is which components are ERP components
                                            best at and what to do for other areas.

                                            The key layers of modern enterprise computing platforms are:

                                            Hosting Layer
                                            This is the core hardware and software computing platform and its associated
                                            management and administration tools. Increasingly, organizations are expected to
                                            outsource core systems platforms in the next period due to the economies gained
                                            by cloud computing (‘multi-tenant’) approaches but there remain major concerns
                                            relating to the proprietary nature of current platforms, limitations in the ability to
                                            scale data stores and base customer service and applications deployment platform
                                            administration tools.

                                            Administration Layer
                                            The administration layer includes software and related services responsible for
                                            technical development, governance and continuity of business systems. This
                                            segment is experiencing the most dramatic shift in scope and approach owing to
                                            the introduction of agile development techniques, data mashup software tools
                                            and integrated software platforms like Encanvas Secure&Live™ that support
                                            massively scaling ‘secure and live’ portal architectures demanded of social
                                            operating systems.

                                            Master Data Management Layer
      Master data management –              Managing a single version of the truth continues to be a business critical necessity
      managing a single version of          for business organizations. Achieving this in a services oriented world requires
      the truth...


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                                         richer tools to understand how data is being governed, who is using it and HOW
                                         they are using it. Where third party data is being used, Master Data Management
                                         strategies must take account of how useful and accurate external sources are and
                                         what level of trust should be attributed to them.

                                         Information & Apps Services Layer
                                         This technology layer provides software tools and related services to enable IT
                                         professionals to support the information service delivery needs of information
                                         workers. While the future of computing is likely to involve greater self-servicing of
                                         information, and the services that provide information, the level of computer
                                         literacy today means that most people in business do not understand how
                                         relational databases work and this absence of knowledge can cause critical errors
                                         if not governed appropriately. For example, it’s conceivable that a business
                                         manager might elect to create their own ‘data mashup’ of customer data and
                                         statistics and base decisions on this insight without knowing that they are
                                         referencing the wrong tables in the database. It is likely that the majority of
      New point-and-click tools will     organizations will continue to employ IT professionals in support of applications
      dramatically reduce the burden     and web services development, but new point-and-click tools will dramatically
      of programming...                  reduce the burden of programming, testing, deployment and re-working of new
                                         applications.

                                               Integrated Software Platforms like Encanvas Secure&Live provide a complete
                                                  environment for the design, deployment and operation of applications




                                         Social Operating System Layer
                                         Social operating systems provide information workers with a ‘secure and live’
      Social operating systems
      provide information workers        virtual workspace able to blend social networking, collaboration, communications
      with a ‘secure and live’ virtual   and access to business systems in a single environment accessible anywhere via a
      workspace...                       browser. The massively scaling portal architectures of social operating systems
                                         mean that users can enjoy uniquely rich and personalized experiences. They are



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                       able to collaborate with fellow colleagues, customers and suppliers in open and
                       gated workspaces whilst having fewer concerns over security of data, systems and
                       protection of intellectual property than they have today.

                               Comparison between traditional and modern view of enterprise computing


                                Enterprise Portal Suite                          Social Operating System
                                 (Consumption Layer)                               (Consumption Layer)

                          Security      Communications       Collaboration     Security     Relationship      Communications


                                              Content                          Content       Collaboration       Commerce


                                                                                                 Apps Store
                                           FIREWALL

                         Front-office                  Middle-Ware           Information & Apps Services Layer

                             Office                     Business Process      Web Services        Data           BPM &
                             Apps                        Management             Library          Mashups          Logic


                          Shrink-wrap                     Integration
                             Apps                                                Master Data Management


                                              ERP                                     Administration Layer
                        Back-office
                                                              Customer       Web Server         Application         Site
                          Financials         Human
                                                             Relationship    Management          Lifecycle      Administration
                                            Resources
                                                             Management

                         Stock Control     Supply Chain          Assets      Data Quality        Security           Agile
                                           Management                          and ETL                           Development



                                                                                  Integration                 Middle-Apps
                         Hosting and Administration Layer
                         Development        Web Server Management and
                           & ALM                Site Administration                         Hosting Layer

                          Hardware          Operating         Platform        Virtualized       Operating       Administration
                                             Systems        Administration    hardware           Systems


                         Data Quality       Security           Upgrades      Data Quality        Security       Platform Version
                           and ETL                                             and ETL                               Control




                                      Systems Network                                     People Network




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                                     So which components of IT architecture should ERP systems deliver?

                                     The issue of determining what proportion of the total enterprise information
                                     management architecture should be delivered through ERP is a growing debate.
                                     The chart below provides a summary of the key technology platforms and
                                     considers which of these capabilities ERP is best suited to deliver.

                                                                  Arguments For             Arguments Against
                                      Master Data                 ERP systems adopt         A single ERP system can
                                      Management                  robust protocols to       never support the
                                                                  ensure data assets are    majority corporate
                                                                  made secure               information assets of an
                                                                                            agile enterprise
                                      Business Process            ERP systems provide       Processes implemented
                                      Modelling                   boiler plate solutions    by ERP systems tend to
                                                                  for core business         be an over-kill. Case
                                                                  services                  experiences show that
                                                                                            business stakeholders are
                                                                                            best placed to specify
                                                                                            their information
                                                                                            requirements
                                      Customer Relationship       ERP systems can           ERP systems demand that
                                      Management                  integrate CRM             sales representatives
                                                                  processes to create a     spend too much time
                                                                  joined up IM strategy     manually entering
                                                                                            information
                                      Enterprise Portal and       All major ERP systems     ERP systems have limited
                                      Social Operating            now offer portal          track record in supporting
                                      Systems                     solutions                 social networking and
                                                                                            mashup portals

                                     With no single strategy fitting every organization, there are several strategies IT
                                     leaders can explore:

                                     UPGRADE

                                     Large footprint - single source
                                     Find an ERP system that has the agility to scale to meet all business needs. There
                                     are technical reasons why this probably isn’t possible. Furthermore the dexterity of
                                     functionality – and social networking functionality - required by service oriented
                                     platforms are normally at odds with the culture of ERP systems vendors. There are
      ERP vendors tend to charge a
                                     also affordability issues to consider as ERP vendors charge a premium for software
      premium for their software
      modules - buyers can only      modules based, no doubt, on the premise that buyers can only source modules
      source modules from them if    from them. Even if a vendor is able to deliver all of the functional components
      they want a single source      needed for the enterprise, it would still be a sensible precaution to make sure
      solution                       integration options exist to blend systems (as no system is an island these days).



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                                                 Thoughts.
                                                   What agility exists to support near-constant change in processes?
                                                   How to service the long-tail of applications demand
                                                   How open is the platform? Does it use a proprietary database that will
                                                     be difficult to migrate from?
                                                   Approach to services-oriented architecture
                                                   Master data management policy
                                                   Social operating system features
                                                   Is there an SOA version?
                                                   Are charging models able to support a pay-as-you use (utility) based
                                                     pricing model
                                                   Is a cloud borne solution an option?
                                                   What level of proprietary tie-up is involved?
                                                   What is the cost of migrating to the new ERP system from the old?
                                                   What data-quality strategy does the vendor recommend?
                                                   What is the potential cost of porting to an alternative system
                                                   Support for mobility and remote working
                                                   Policies and protocols for inclusive security including network,
                                                     message and systems security, identity management and access
                                                     control, data governance and security and IP protection

                                         Small footprint - focus on a core business processes
                                         Another stance is to source an ERP product that shows promise in its support for
                                         core processes and explore BPM tools as a means of providing richer support for
                                         the enterprise with agile development methods. In this case the proposal focuses
                                         on a small foot-print of ERP recognizing that – in the age of information
                                         consumers – ERP systems can no longer be the sole gate-keeper of enterprise
                                         processes and information assets.

                                         BUILD

                                         Medium footprint - build your own ERP solution
                                         It’s almost hard to think about now but in the early days of computerization of
                                         financial accounts it wasn’t uncommon for large corporations to build their own
                                         ERP solution. With today’s agile development software and BPM tools there are
                                         arguments that organizations are better placed than ever before to consider self-
                                         authoring a solution that fits their business and can be serviced by multiple
                                         contractors without a restrictive commercial tie-in to one vendor.

      Probably the most popular          MODERNIZE
      emerging strategy is to consider
      a blended strategy formed          Medium footprint – A blended strategy
      around a Master Data
                                         Probably the most popular emerging strategy is to consider a blended strategy
      Management (MDM) and
      Services-Oriented Architecture
                                         formed around a Master Data Management and Services-Oriented Architecture
      (SOA)...                           where the usefulness and ‘fit’ of existing ERP data assets is assessed and decisions



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                                      are made whether they should be re-sited, merged with another ERP system or re-
                                      designed. With the broad range of mature offerings in the BPM and agile
                                      development arena now available a growing number of IT thought-leaders are
                                      promoting the idea of Rich Internet based blended strategies.

                                               Bruce Richardson of AMR Research Technology in his article ‘ERP Doomsday
                                               Scenario: Death by SOA? (August 17, 2006)’ suggests a doomsday scenario for ERP
                                               vendors is that, circa 2010: SAP and Oracle customers stop buying applications
                                               from their ERP vendors. Instead, they contract with low-cost Indian or Eastern
                                               European integrators to build custom composite apps that sit on top of their ERP
                                               backbone. In 2005 a major wholesaler was able to forego a PeopleSoft upgrade
                                               by putting new features out in a service-enabled middleware stack. Richardson
                                               suggests, SOA may not overcome ERP with one big swoop, but through a
                                               dribbling of features toward the service layer, forestalling or reducing upgrades.

                                      No footprint - Forget ERP, think MDM!
                                      Consider what the Master Data Management strategy of the enterprise should be
                                      and what role a core ERP system should fulfil. There are arguments that more
      A more thoughtful and future-   adept Business Process Modelling (BPM) tools exist to create processes across the
      proof strategy is to consider   enterprise; that customer relationship management should be more social and
      what the Master Data            community based and that sourcing more open applications solutions is more cost
      Management (MDM) strategy of
                                      effective and assure a ‘better fit’ to the way a business actually works without
      the enterprise should be and
      what role a core ERP system     having to synthetically re-model the business to fit the ERP system.
      should fulfil.
                                      OUTSOURCE AND SOA

                                      Open, services-oriented ERP outsourcing
                                      An increasing number of service-oriented ERP offerings are appearing in the
                                      market, fuelled by the potential of cloud computing and Rich Internet Applications
                                      to provide a more, affordable, open and agile computing platform for businesses
                                      that is better placed to deal with rapid growth and scale to global proportions.

                                      Competency matching

                                      The disciplines demanded to meet all project aspects are unlikely to be supported
                                      by a single vendor. Referenced competencies might include:

                                       Item   Competencies                                           Source
                                       1      Data analytics, ETL and master data management         Data quality and ETL
                                       2      Organizational engineering and alignment               Management consulting
                                       3      Business processing modelling and RFP design           IT consulting
                                       4      Systems supply                                         Systems vendors
                                       5      Systems deployment and project management              Systems vendors / IT
                                                                                                     consulting
                                       6      Project facilitation, outsourcing and cross-sourcing   App dev, systems
                                              Platform support                                       engineering, outsourcing
                                       7      Customer service and help-desk                         Outsourcing



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                       Key project stages

                       While different circumstances and project kick-off points will vary approach,
                       Encanvas identifies the following project stages as being important:

                                        Recommended phases of ERP improvement programs



                                                           Data audit
                                                      Master Data Management
                             Data health-check                                        Data migration plan
                                                      (MDM) vision and strategy




                                         Discovery and value chain mapping
                                                                                         Improvement
                              Current status             Future wanted state
                                                                                     programming strategy




                                            Alignment and IM architecture
                              System analysis               Gap analysis             Tech specs, RFP specs



                                                 Business process modelling

                             Business analysis            Systems analysis                Roadmap




                                                         Procurement

                                        Selection                                 Commissioning




                                                          Partnership
                            Service agreement                 Selection                   Partnering




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                                        1. Data audit
                                        Know what you know and cut IT projects costs and risks

                                        Businesses spend billions of dollars migrating data between information-intensive
                                        applications yet 75% of new systems fail to meet expectations, often because flaws
                                        in data quality or the migration process are not adequately validated. With the
                                        excitement of new systems and capabilities, data migration planning is sometimes
                                        seen as the ‘dirty end’ of IT systems transformations: shifting data from one bucket
                                        to another via a process that it seen as a necessary administrative overhead. The
      The most effective way to         most effective way to deliver value from new systems is to make sure data quality
      deliver value from new systems    is high at an early stage. A data discovery audit enable organizations to quantify
      is to make sure data quality is
                                        and publish evidence of the true impact of Data Quality issues within the business
      high at an early stage.
                                        before advanced plans and expectations are put in place.

                                          Advanced interrogation and analysis tools speed up and improve the quality of data
                                                     analysis enabling planners to appreciate data quality threats




                                                                          Source: Datanomic Ltd


                                        2. Discovery and value chain mapping
                                        Business case development: Appreciate how to align information management
                                        strategy and priorities to make the biggest impact on customer value and
                                        operational excellence.

      The discovery phase, when         The discovery phase, when conducted in an inclusive manner, minimizes project
      conducted in an inclusive         risk by sharing project goals and expectations with stakeholders and ensuring
      manner, minimizes project risk    there is a shared commitment (and accountability) to achieve project goals. This is
      by sharing project goals and
                                        an opportunity to engage with stakeholders to identify quick wins, scope critical
      expectations with stakeholders
      and ensuring there is a shared    success factors, appreciate human-centric areas of organizational improvement
      commitment (and                   and any additional information management requirements that may fall within or
      accountability) to achieve        beyond the scope of the project. Key analytical elements include an examination
      project goals.                    of MDM strategy, a data quality heath-check and information service needs
                                        analysis.



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                       Approach:
                          1. Scorecard development / review
                          2. Economic value chain modelling
                          3. Issue Signature Analysis (ISA) for key stakeholders
                          4. Workshop reviews with senior management team
                          5. Draw up statement of requirements

                       Considerations:
                          Agree a discovery project profile. Thought should be given to:
                           Does the organization understand how its processes contribute to
                              strategic objectives and golden threads?
                           To what extent are customers, industry partners, channel partners, sub
                              contractors, outsources, SSC’s (etc.) contribute to the economic value chain
                              and, if they do, to what extend must ERP systems support them?

                       Outcomes:
                       Improvement programming report comprising of:
                          6. Project scope
                          7. Strategy model
                          8. Recommendations for improvement programming (including training)
                          9. Options and opinions - quick wins and critical success factors
                          10. Risk analysis
                       IM discovery report comprising of:
                          11. Project scope
                          12. MDM report (including findings and recommendations)
                          13. Data quality report (including findings and recommendations)
                          14. SOA report (including findings and recommendations)
                          15. Opportunities and quick-wins
                          16. Statement of requirements
                          17. Risk analysis

                       3. Alignment and IM architecture
                       Develop coherent IM strategy: Gather business and technical requirements to
                       create an information management strategy aligned to the current and anticipated
                       future organizational needs with clearly articulated customer value and
                       operational excellence benefits resulting from project investments.

                       Approach:
                          18. Mapping and prioritization of processes to economic value chain
                          19. Action framework organizational design model
                          20. Architectural modelling
                          21. Draw up statement of requirements

                       Outcomes:
                       IM report comprising of:
                            Project scope


© 2009 Encanvas Inc.                                                                                  27
WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning
                                                        (ERP) in a Services Oriented World

                             Strategic alignment model (cascading scorecard)
                             Process maps
                             Data quality and enrichment strategy
                             MDM strategy
                             ERP strategy
                             Portal strategy
                             Opportunities, quick-wins and risk analysis

                       4. Business process modelling
                       The purpose of this phase is to provide detailed use cases and process models as a
                       pre-curser to development or procurement.

                       Approach:
                          22. Business analysis
                          23. System Analysis
                          24. Development roadmap or specification for RFP

                       Outcomes:
                           Business process and system analysis
                           Requirements specification
                           RFP documentation or development roadmap

                       5. Procurement
                       The procurement phase for systems or services.

                       6. Partnership
                       The purpose of this phase is to select appropriate partners for hosting, cross-
                       sourcing and outsourcing to re-align IT investments away from operational
                       competencies towards innovation and improvement.



                       Considerations

                       Given its strategic remit of ERP systems to guide the hand of core business
                       processes and protect and serve the most critical information assets, any decision
                       to replace or upgrade is a big one. It’s worthy of considering a series of broader
                       strategic questions:

                          1. Check to make sure you’re answering the right question
                             Understanding WHY a change in ERP system is being considered helps
                             focus minds on how to better serve business needs. When approaching
                             ERP deployments second time around, it’s likely that transactional
                             processes are well understood and function well, so the broader question
                             is around the growth support opportunity, such as support of online
                             communities (partners, suppliers, customers) etc.



© 2009 Encanvas Inc.                                                                                 28
WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning
                                                     (ERP) in a Services Oriented World

                          Drivers for upgrading or modernizing ERP systems may include:
                               The cost of the incumbent ERP system is getting intolerable
                               Platform obsolescence
                               Platforms fail to fit business needs
                               Inability to support communities
                               Harmonization – Too many ERP systems
                               Cost of sustainability and upgrades
                          Drivers that raise ‘ERP performance’ on the priorities agenda may provide
                          an opportunity to reflect on the balance of accountability within
                          departments over IT projects. It might also offer the opportunity to re-
                          qualify the alignment and value that IT offers the enterprise. A broader
                          debate can deliver more returns to the business, such as:
                          “How should the IT function support process owners in always
                          delivering operational excellence and what is the expected future role
                          of ERP systems in this context?

                       2. Question if ‘mechanization of processes done by IT’ the right path
                          There is a huge risk that ‘doing IT to people’ will only result in more
                          mechanization without creating ownership, accountability and double loop
                          learning in operational silos. Improvements in IT ‘functionality’ and data
                          quality might well be offset by poor workforce engagement and a lack of
                          talent exploitation. Perhaps a better strategy would be to engage
                          departmental leaders on how to engineer continuous improvement and
                          consider embedded process improvement managers (trained in IT) within
                          change teams.

                       3. Think about the broader master data management outcomes
                          Accepting that the majority of business critical information will in future be
                          sourced from beyond the boundaries of the enterprise, perhaps a review
                          of Master Data Management and SOA strategy will define requirements
                          and scope of ERP.




© 2009 Encanvas Inc.                                                                                29
WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning
                                                      (ERP) in a Services Oriented World

                       Recommendations

                       Before making decisions on how to modernize ERP platforms, IT leaders should
                       consider the following strategic questions:

                          1. How does the organization set an improvement agenda that embraces
                             process mechanization but isn’t driven by it (resulting in ‘doing IT to
                             people, not for them’)?

                          2. How well does information management strategy serve the business today
                             - and what about tomorrow? What gap exists?
                                 a. Is the standard of data quality able to support the objectives of
                                    improvement programmes?
                                 b. What Master Data Management architecture should exist to
                                    support change in the business and what role has ERP to play in
                                    that strategy?

                          3. How can a joined-up improvement program be initiated that:
                                a. Delivers break-through customer and shareholder value benefits,
                                   competitive advantage and cashable efficiency savings
                                b. Encourages line-of-business stakeholders to take accountability
                                   and responsibility for improvement.
                                c. Considers human and system opportunities (and threats) of
                                   improvement
                                d. Meets IT deadline targets for systems improvement




© 2009 Encanvas Inc.                                                                              30
WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning
                                                            (ERP) in a Services Oriented World

                       The role of Encanvas in ERP modernization


                       Encanvas® software makes the workplace work better, bringing value to the
                       Microsoft® enterprise platform by creating the technologies organizations need to
                       spend less and achieve more from software investments. The company has created
                       the world’s first Integrated Software Platform; digital equivalent of the micro-chip.
                       Its Secure&Live™ platform enables the design, deployment and operation of
                       applications without coding or scripting all made possible by a single tightly
                       coupled architecture. Encanvas facilitates the massive scaling of portal
                       architectures so users can communicate, share information and their applications
                       in real-time while operating in ‘secure spaces’ that protect systems, data, identity
                       and intellectual property.


                       Risk mitigation
                       Encanvas reduces project risks in the following ways:

                         1. Encanvas rapidly constructs functioning software applications (that are live
                             working systems, not prototypes or simulations) to enable stakeholders to
                             quickly realize the value of applications without exposing the organization
                             to high costs of development.

                         2. The cost of learning is slight. Developing new applications is a learning
                             exercise and mistakes will inevitably be made but, with Encanvas, the cost of
                             change is minimized by its iterative design approach and simple
                             deployment.

                         3. Encanvas adopts industry standards in every aspect of its deployment which
                             means there is no proprietary tie-in to software vendors.


                       Software development cost reduction
                       Encanvas Agile is an example of an agile development environment created for the
                       services oriented world. Using ready-made applications building blocks, Encanvas
                       dramatically reduces programming overheads and encourages iterative design
                       and publishing of business applications.


                       Encanvas is supplied on a licensing model which means there is no on-cost for
                       successive applications. IT teams can create as many applications as they like for
                       portal or mobile deployment without any frictional IT costs. Furthermore, Encanvas
                       releases capacity in IT teams to focus investments in IT towards customer value
                       and shareholder returns.


© 2009 Encanvas Inc.                                                                                    31
WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning
                                                            (ERP) in a Services Oriented World
                        Impact of Encanvas Secure&Live™ on software development process and costs


                       Time




                                  Project
                                management
                                 overhead

                                Maintenance &
                                Enhancements

                                  Help files

                                 User testing                                            Plus:
                                 Re-working                                              Encanvas produces
                              Testing and tuning                                         hundreds of unique
                                Cross browser                                            web experiences!
                                 compatibility
                                                                                        Smaller, simpler projects mean
                                                                                         lower project overheads
                                Development
                                                                                         Webshow360™ provides
                                                                                          remote support (guide users
                                                                                          through applications online)
                                                                                         Version Rollback™ means
                                                                                          updates and enhancements
                                                                                          are made simple!

                                                                                         Automates help file creation
                                                                  PM overhead            Iterative design means no re-
                                                                   Maintenance            working
                                                                   Help files and        Cross-browser support
                                                                  documentation          Rapid, iterative development
                              Database Design                       User testing          using ready-made components
                                                                Testing and tuning       Auto database creation
                                 Integration
                                                                  Development            AnySource™ data mashups
                                                                                          and integration
                                                                                         Data analysis / re-usable flow
                                Data analysis                   Database creation
                                                                                          design tools
                                                                   Integration
                                                                                        Iterative development
                                                                   Data analysis
                                Specification                                            requires less detailed specs.
                                                                                         Small project teams,
                                                                Spec. Development         less complexity
                                Project setup                      Project setup

                                 Traditional                  With Encanvas®
                                development
                                   project


© 2009 Encanvas Inc.                                                                                                     32
WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning
                                                        (ERP) in a Services Oriented World

                       Growth innovation support
                       Encanvas supports growth innovation within organizations by enabling IT teams to
                       serve more stakeholder requirements for ‘best fit’ solutions. It offers a ‘see-no-
                       code’ design, deployment and operational management platform that cuts the
                       amount of coding and scripting required when deploying business applications. It
                       facilitates the embedding of IT professionals into business improvement teams to
                       design new applications iteratively in consort with stakeholders; speeding time to
                       value, cutting the complexity/cost of projects, and removing re-working and
                       integration costs.


                       Data mashups and federated applications
                       Advanced data integration capabilities enable Encanvas to exploit services
                       oriented architectures and acquire data from silos across the enterprise and
                       beyond. Its ability to re-use and bridge across information sources to create new
                       business applications and dashboards provides rapid time to value.


                       Supporting information management for communities
                       With its rich data integration and mashup features blended with Rich Internet
                       Applications development and cloud based deployment, Encanvas extends ERP
                       systems to support the needs of supplier, industry partner and customer
                       communities.




© 2009 Encanvas Inc.                                                                                 33
WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning
                                                                   (ERP) in a Services Oriented World


                       Contact Information


                       About the Author




                       Previously holding a series of Sales and Marketing Management and Directorship
                       positions in the European IT industry, in 2002 Ian Tomlin co-founded the
                       International Management Consultancy NDMC Ltd whose portfolio of clients
                       includes some of the world’s largest public and private sector organizations. With
                       Nick Lawrie he co-authored ‘Agilization’, a guide to regenerating competitiveness
                       for Western World companies. Ian Tomlin has authored several other business
                       books and hundreds of articles on business strategy, IT and organizational design.

                       About Encanvas

                       Encanvas makes the workplace work better. We bring added value to the
                       Microsoft enterprise platform by creating technologies organizations need to
                       spend less and get more from their software investments. We’ve created the
                       world’s first Integrated Computer-Aided-Applications-Design (CAAD) Software
                       Platform.          Encanvas        Secure&Live™            facilitates      the    near-real-time          design,
                       deployment and operation of applications without coding - all made possible by a
                       single tightly coupled architecture. It offers a massively scaling portal architecture;
                       so users can communicate, share information and their applications while
                       operating in ‘secure spaces’ that protect systems, data, identity and intellectual
                       property.


                       Encanvas Inc.
                       2710 Thomas Avenue, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001 USA.
                       (Americas) +1 201 777 3398
                       (Europe) +44 1865 596151
                       www.encanvas.com
                       All information of whatever kind and which is contained in this documentation shall be called for the purposes of this
                       project ‘Confidential Information’ and remains the property of Encanvas Inc. All trademarks and trade names used
                       within this document are acknowledged as belonging to their respective owners.




© 2009 Encanvas Inc.                                                                                                                    34

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White Paper - ERP in a Services Oriented World

  • 1. WHITE PAPER ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING IN A SERVICES-ORIENTED WORLD OCTOBER 2009 IAN TOMLIN www.encanvas.com
  • 2. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................3 The battle for communities ....................................................................................3 The ERP holy grail ....................................................................................................4 A new concept of excellence in enterprise computing ......................................7 Re-thinking enterprise logic ...................................................................................8 Re-discovering IT competitive advantage ......................................................... 11 Services-oriented architecture ............................................................................ 13 Creating capacity for change .............................................................................. 13 Re-modelling for enterprise information management architecture ............ 19 Competency matching ......................................................................................... 24 Key project stages ................................................................................................ 25 Considerations ...................................................................................................... 28 Recommendations................................................................................................ 30 The role of Encanvas in ERP modernization...................................................... 31 Contact Information ............................................................................................. 34 © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 2
  • 3. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Overview The 2000’s has become a In the 1990’s, the common definition of ‘best IT’ was ‘best ERP system’. IT leaders battle to win communities and were encouraged to believe that one system could be procured and deployed to this has moved the value focus support all essential business continuity processes of the enterprise whilst at the of computing out of the data same time provide a single version of the truth. That was then. The 2000’s has centre and into the portal... become a battle to win communities and this has moved the value focus of computing out of the data centre and into the portal where people networks and the consumption of knowledge are the winning tickets. This paper examines the changing role of Enterprise Resource Planning. The battle for communities For most businesses, the 21st century has become a battle for hearts and minds; a battle for communities. Whether the driving force is to reach out to and win new customers, work more closely with industry partners to achieve common goals or source new talent and new ideas from a shrinking talent pool, organizations are under pressure to be the best at harnessing communities of people. In this race, data remains the critical weapon. But traditional perspectives of enterprise computing are not only at odds with this ethos, they often stand between the organization and its new priorities. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 3
  • 4. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World The ERP holy grail When they first arrived on the scene in the 1980’s, the promise of vendors was ERP systems could provide a single version of the truth spanning the entire enterprise information management architecture, and bag full boiler-plated processes that would bring any business tangible benefits through process optimization. The perfect prescription for operational excellence? ERP systems arrived at a time when the management concept of enterprise ERP systems arrived at a time performance was closely coupled with operational excellence. Books like ‘In Search when the management concept of enterprise of Excellence’ by Thomas J. Peters ad Robert H. Waterman Jr. were doing the performance was closely rounds in management circles preaching the gospel of ‘mechanization rules’ and coupled with operational exampling through case stories how managers could organize their people excellence... through more robust process models. The 1980’s was the decade ERP appeared to be the perfect prescription to boost productivity in the office by formalizing who does what when and capturing data at the earliest point in a process. There can be no doubt that for some organizations the majority of users have been better served by the adoption of a common core business information platform. But the business impact of ERP has been far from miraculous. More than one system The promise of ERP was that organizations could operate a single integrated computing platform to serve their business information management needs. ERP systems today commonly In reality, ERP systems today commonly serve less than half the information needs serve less than half the of the enterprise and hold less than half of the corporate information assets information needs of the essential to business success – a proportion that is declining still further. IT leaders enterprise and hold less than bent on creating a single harmonized IT universe find their plans crushed as their half of the corporate organizations decide to acquire, merge or collaborate with other businesses that information... operate vastly different systems. When the Mecca of ‘a single system and single version of the truth’ looks moments away, the dream is stolen by broadening business demands for collaboration and outsourcing. Contributing towards the demotion of corporals The headlong charge for mechanization of processes ignored the critical role that leadership at all levels of the enterprise has in business success. In the 1980’s business leaders were convinced that deeper process automation would eradicate imperfections in processes caused by human error. The Quality Assurance Manual became the new gospel of business and articulated how the enterprise worked. Systemic automation of processes by implementing ERP software would be the herald of change and nothing would stand in its way. The consequence of this strategy is that most organizations now lack competent ‘corporals’ – leaders that exist at departmental and team level within the enterprise with the creative skills and experience to adapt to change at departmental level in order to achieve © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 4
  • 5. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World higher level business strategic goals. The human face of these actions is experienced by customers and partners – poor customer service resulting from a lack of adaptability of processes that directly leads to a lowering of customer value. For example, consider the experience of phoning a call centre and asking for a service that isn’t on speed-dial. The likelihood is that customers will be forwarded to a customer service representative who is unable to offer any service resolution beyond the automated scripts on their computer monitor. And should resolutions require the involvement of other departments, it’s most likely that the call will be transferred to a new point of contact and the ownership of problem ERP systems arrived at a time resolution remains with the customer. Adapting processes by learning from these when the management experiences is very difficult without perceptive ‘corporals’ who have the authority, concept of enterprise information and skills to take charge. performance was closely coupled with operational Historians now believe that the success or failure of military campaigns has much excellence... to due to the ability and encouragement of lower-ranking officers to take the initiative and lead small teams of soldiers to overcome the challenges they faced in the field as they happened. Without innovative and talented section commanders to deal with emerging situations, as battlefield communications breakdown armies quickly became dysfunctional. Compromising agility ERP systems have proved difficult and costly to adapt to business needs and conditions. All major systems require programming skills to adapt them. Creating new processes can take months to implement and adapting them to meet even minor compliance and accounting requirements can cost many thousands of dollars. Even installing ERP systems has often had an enormous negative impact on organizations. When the European function of a global electronics manufacturer deployed its ERP system in 2006, it took three years to get the core system operating smoothly and even then country operations complained that they couldn’t transact business ‘the way their customers wanted them to because of an absence of service product codes. When customers wanted to bundle products into managed service offerings, the ERP system couldn’t support the complexity of accounting country operations were accustomed to with their previous country-specific accounting solutions. System complexity The presumption business The presumption business leaders had when implementing ERP systems in the leaders had when 1980’s was that it would simplify the harmonization of computer systems. Yet ERP implementing ERP systems in has proven to have little effect on the front-office and the creative processes that the 1980’s was that it would drive customer value. Still today, large organizations operate enormous computer simplify the harmonization of computer systems... systems and do not always have the level of control over programs and systems they would like. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 5
  • 6. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World A survey of 163 companies that had implemented enterprise resource planning systems conducted by Accenture in the early 2000’s found that the mean number of instances (separate and distinct implementations of the same software across regions or business units) was eight, with 32% having implemented from six to more than 20 distinct instances. Such fragmented implementations results in disparate, disconnected sources of operational information. Doing IT to people, not for people Empirical evidence suggests Empirical evidence suggests the impact of ‘IT imposed’ ERP process automation is the impact of ‘IT imposed’ ERP to transfer accountability of information management performance away from process automation is to process owners to the IT department. A blame culture emerges towards failure of transfer accountability of IT when many of the causes of failure have to do with its poor ‘fit’ to business information management needs. Deployment of large scale IT projects over the last 30 years has shown that performance away from process owners to the IT ‘doing IT to people’ (i.e. When IT departments take accountability and ownership department. of project outcomes, defining scope of use and success) reduces functional accountability and prohibits a culture of curiosity in the way processes work today or should work tomorrow. Organizations like financial services firm Investec in South Africa that have asked their people to come up with their own processes based on business needs have surprisingly found that the process models they end up with are at odds with the imposed processes, were significantly less complex and work better at lower cost. In addition, processes are more adaptive to change because managers and contributors are fully aware of the reason WHY process steps are taken and can therefore question their validity. According to Investec this has lead to more double loop learning (ie. Doing better things rather than doing things better). Garbage it, garbage out Data quality continues to be Data quality continues to be the ERP killer. Half a century of enterprise computing the ERP value killer. Half a has done little to address the problem of data quality and enrichment. The century of enterprise challenge of keeping data current in IT systems was best articulated by Nancy computing has done little to Rybeck, global data warehouse architect and data administrator for Emerson address the fundamental Process Management in her online article for Information Management titled ‘The problem of data quality and enrichment. Bane of CRM: Data Quality’ where she states, “Quite frankly, most sane people don't find cleansing data any more fun than cleaning the toilet.” Maintaining data quality is the mucky end of computing that nobody wants to be associated with but has arguably the biggest influence on usefulness and value. IT analyst firm Bloor estimates that 84% of data migration projects within large- scale ERP projects have failed, overran their budgets, or both. A report by The Data Warehousing Institute in 2002 suggested that problems keeping data current cost businesses in the United States more than $600 billion per year. Findings were based on interviews with industry experts, customers and survey data from 647 respondents. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 6
  • 7. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Whilst harvesting data from beyond the walls of the enterprise serves to enrich the quality of data, maintaining the data quality of core systems remains a key challenge for IT managers and a strong reason why control over core systems must remain with seasoned IT professionals. A new concept of excellence in enterprise computing Business computing grew up to serve the silos of operation that existed in organizations at a time when it was okay to have silos. It supported the status quo where departmental heads could retain their status around the boardroom table ERP systems encouraged by owning ‘a piece of the enterprise’ and any asset relating to their domain. siloism by offering shrink- Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software systems encouraged this siloism by wrapped process automation offering shrink-wrapped process automation solutions for the finance manager, solutions... HR manager, logistics manager and sales and marketing managers (CRM). While every department could be assured that ERP systems improve the performance of the processes each department head, there were sweets enough for everyone to encourage a spending spree on ERP systems. What has changed to shatter this panacea model of corporate computing was not the performance of IT departments to deliver ERP (though it has proved to be expensive and difficult to adapt), but the environment of business. Globalization, the Internet, more demanding and individualistic consumers, an always online markets and the hyper growth economies of Asia – all of these factors have forever changed the landscape of business so that business leaders must now re-evaluate their strategies every year rather than every 10, 20 or 50 years. Agility has become the watchword of business. A 2006 survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit of 336 senior corporate executives, one quarter of whom were CEOs, found that 47% of respondents anticipated major changes to their business model within three years. Hyper- competitive global markets of the 21st century demand a kind of organization that thinks and behaves differently. As business success increasingly depends on the ability of the enterprise to always fit its most competitive markets, demands for agile information management processes inevitably fall at the door of IT leaders who find themselves asked to change the course of their information management systems developments minute by minute in response to new business situations (akin to standing on the bridge of an oil tanker with minimal steerage and scant room to manoeuvre). The The role of ERP systems has role of ERP systems has been caught up in a boardroom crossfire resulting from an been caught up in a boardroom crossfire resulting unprecedented shift in the concept of excellence in enterprise computing: a move from an unprecedented shift from ‘best system and boiler-plate processes’ to ‘the most adaptive and in the concept of excellence... supportive of change’. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 7
  • 8. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Re-thinking enterprise logic The mechanistic management beliefs of the 19th century sustain in many organizations; the core logic of the enterprise being that productivity at all costs is king that emerged in the industrial age. Leaders and managers think of people as cogs in a machine composed of production line workflows, an ‘economic engine’ fuelled by transactions processed at the lowest cost to produce the highest potential value. (The huge risk is the business ignores the broader talent potential of workers, leaving workers feeling undervalued because they can’t leverage their full ‘talent value’.) “Many organizations haven’t changed the way they think and work in decades. Exposing these issues and finding a route to greater levels of agility is something most corporations can benefit from.” James McNerney, CEO, Boeing. This perspective or organizational ‘thinking and acting’ is increasingly at odds with the modern world. Globalization The global marketplace has hit the business world on many different levels. Most obvious is the drift of economic growth towards the emerging economies of China and India (with one eye on the sleeping giants of Russia and Africa). It’s thought by the middle of this century India and China might well be producing 80% of the world’s consumer products. For major corporations of today, globalization means making sure they have a share in high growth markets. It means hugely scaling organizations to lever corporate talent assets on a global stage. Very often, it also means mergers and acquisitions to scale organizations to compete in a world of corporate titan brands. Some of these global brands are emerging from the Far East. HTC Corporation is an example of a new generation global corporation that has leveraged its component manufacturing of processors to grow into the fast growing mobile phone industry. Now HTC competes with the biggest phone manufacturers around the world. The presumption that emerging economies will settle for being ‘cheap’ places to manufacture is proving to be flawed logic. In all industries, corporations from India and China are innovating. In a survey of Chinese and U.S. manufacturers by Industry Week, 54% of Chinese companies cited innovation as one of their top objectives, compared with only 26% of U.S. respondents. Today, Chinese companies spend more on worker training and enterprise management software than their Western counterparts. Human cogs that don’t fit anymore Opportunities to cut human data entry costs and streamline processes have all but eradicated the use of people in administrative roles where systemization is possible. The refined role of information workers in business today is to engineer © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 8
  • 9. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World change, inject ideas and sustain key processes that demand high levels of competency. But ‘Generation Y’ (the young people leaving education today) is not happy to commit to a lifetime of employment with one employer. Registering that employers are no longer able or prepared to promise a job for life – and buoyed by the demand for information worker talent – Gen-Y is looking for a new deal and the opportunity to focus on their specialist work role rather than have their work-life compromised by having to fit into the confines of a job role. Employers who fail to lever a higher proportion of the talents of individuals risk losing that talent. This is driving demand for social operating systems in business and new ‘social’ ways of working. A global war for talent For various reasons resourcing of talent is becoming a growth threat. Today, profitable organizations see a concerning dichotomy: a spiral of demand for talent to fuel innovation and competitive advantage is happening in an era where generations of experienced workers are retiring. A global opportunity for knowledge workers ‘without borders’ means scarcity of talent is becoming a major threat to business success. The more scarce skilled workers become the more corporations battle for the best people. Indian companies surveyed by The Economist reported that over 50 percent of their employees had been contacted by another organization, resulting in a 40 percent turnover rate. Information consumerism The 21st century has become an era of information consumerism. The modern weapons of commerce – the Internet, advertising and brands – are shaping the values and beliefs of individuals. In a chicken-and-egg way, a new vehicle for communication changes society that in turn impacts the way people want to communicate. And so it goes on. The digital age means that in large parts of the Western Hemisphere, individuals have instant access to news through digital TV and radio channels and on the Internet. With the emergence of participative technologies and social operating systems, these individuals can have even greater influence over buying decisions and brand behaviors. Society and business are Society and business are increasingly bound by a digital cloudspace that shares increasingly bound by a digital the thoughts, opinions, and passions of a global online community. It is forming a cloudspace that shares the market-place of intellect and talent; a global meeting place for a generation born thoughts, opinions, and of computers and giving the Internet its conscience. Influencing the growth in passions of a global online community. information consumerism are increasing levels of computer literacy in young people. Corporate computing has fallen behind technology innovation in the consumer space – so much so that most new innovation in software development – digital media, mapping, social networking, e-commerce markets, language translation – are fuelling by demand coming from online consumer communities. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 9
  • 10. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World In January 2009, Toronto-based research firm Harris Decima surveying Generation Y workers about their attitudes towards technology. In their report ‘Freedom to Compute: The Empowerment of Generation Y’ they stated that approximately 69 per cent of the more than 1,000 people surveyed in said they regard themselves as highly proficient computer users. This was particularly true among those between 18 and 29 with postgraduate degrees, 80 per cent of whom said they were highly proficient. The author of the report states, “Proficiency in this group is thought of in terms of usage and customization - not software development". The ideological transition of enterprise logic is slowly being exposed through changing business behaviors and an evolving role for IT: Near constant merging of systems and processes The idea of getting a ‘pure Many business strategies demand that organizations or silos merge and this has Oracle’ or ‘pure SAP’ unified an inevitable impact on the systems they use. The idea of getting a ‘pure Oracle’ or system becomes unachievable ‘pure SAP’ unified system becomes unachievable when the pace of merger and when the pace of merger and adaptation means that no adaptation means that no process or departmental silo is left untouched and the process or departmental silo is probability of operating a business empire with a single pure blood ERP system left untouched. becomes more of a pipe dream than an ambition. A new profile of data resources At one time it was thought that up to 40% of corporate critical data was held on core database systems while 60% of data was likely to exist in the minds and laptop drives of information workers who serve themselves with information and who willingly support business processes by calling on contributions of effort and knowledge found in their social networks. Today organizations are serving broader Today organizations are information needs by giving workers access to online information services – serving broader information systems like Googlemaps, Answers.com, LinkedIn, BBC, Met-office and other third needs by giving workers party data sources - to access knowledge and cross-thread information to build access to online information new views of information. Could it be that in the next decade, information workers services. will access more data from outside of their organization than from within? Certainly it’s likely as the volumes of data accessible to people from the Internet grows exponentially. Federation of portal workspaces People networks and processes are extending across silos and beyond the enterprise to serve the information needs of specialist communities. For security chief this means it’s no longer is it possible to secure the outer boundary of the enterprise (there isn’t one). Workers themselves want the ability to discharge their role no matter where they are. The growing popularity of home-workers and flexible-workers is putting even greater pressures on IT teams to extend networks, processes and IT systems beyond the Firewall. Demand for federated portal environments is also coming from sub contractors, customers and industry partners who today want to share insights, performance metrics and project outcomes. An increasing number of individuals are choosing © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 10
  • 11. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World to work as self-employed contractors. These highly skilled individuals are prized by employers who will work hard to service their information needs in order to retain their services. The need for greater re-use of corporate data assets The ability to improve decision making, workforce productivity and the effectiveness of processes by re-using corporate data assets is hampered by complex data architectures and the high cost and complexity of IT projects. The wall between the business and its IT function continues to stand. Faced with unhappy information workers who claim not to have seen a significant change in their productivity since the Spreadsheet, IT leaders are under pressure to find better ways of re-using corporate data assets. Volkswagen has introduced a new role of ‘process improvement manager’ to embed IT skills into improvement teams. The introduction of this new role has helped Volkswagen to govern the continual improvement in processes by devolving IT responsibilities deeper into the business and to harness IT skills in a way that instils a sustained improvement agenda. Re-discovering IT competitive advantage With the continuity of systems expected as a ‘given’, IT leaders are today being measured on their contributions to drive process improvement and the achievement of corporate outcomes through technology innovation. Releasing capacity to achieve marked innovation improvements becomes the significant challenge. In the early days of IT, even In the early days of IT, even moderate expenditure in systems and software could moderate expenditure in generate highly visible returns to the business. Newly automated business systems and software could processes and information worker insights and tools made huge strides in generate highly visible returns delivering value back to the business; further bolstered by a reduction in head- to the business. Not today... count. But these rewards have lessened over time. Over the last decade - challenged by the complexity of IT software architectures, spaghetti hosting platform infrastructures and a steady stream of complex upgrades and enhancements - the size of IT budgets has skyrocketed without significant inroads being made into workforce productivity, customer value or shareholder benefits. Over time, the competitive advantage derived from investments in IT has declined 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’ Share holder value $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ Customer value $$$$ $ $$$$ $$$$ $ $$$$ $$$$$$ Innovation $$$$$ $$$ $$ $$ $$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$ $ $ $$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ Business continuity © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 11
  • 12. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Recent attempts to increase in customer value have been seen in customer service centres and online web portals. Organizations have invested $millions in Customer Relationship Management systems and associated online strategies But too great a focus on process mechanization with too little regard for the human- centricity of organizational design (i.e. honouring social processes, killing the corporals, the need to harvest talent, register the role of social networks, set behavioral standards etc.) has won incremental value in one area of customer value to the detriment of other areas of customer service quality and workforce goodwill. Since the 1990’s the level of shareholder value from IT investments has plateaued 25 20 15 Customer Value Shareholder Value 10 Process Mechanization Workforce Productivity 5 0 1960's 1970's 1980's 1990's 2000's Source: NDMC Consulting 2005: Illustrating the value of IT to the business: Vanilla IT Vanilla IT – Have IT leaders lost One argument explaining why this has happened is that corporations have the will to seek out competitive lowered their aspirations for technology and IT leaders have broadly come to advantage from IT systems? accept ‘vanilla IT’ as the status quo. They’ve lost the will to seek out competitive advantage from IT systems. A belief of many technology gurus is that enterprise computing has become more about ‘standards and compliance’ than competitive advantage – better for every player in a market to use the same underpinning technology stack nulling out the influence of IT on competitiveness. Regulation is driving information technology (IT) spend and this is stifling innovation. We are seeing ‘vanilla IT’. Vanilla IT has become too prevalent in many large enterprises. The organization is preventing users having anywhere near the computing power they have at home. James Bennet, Director of Technology, Communications and Entertainment at Ernst & Young © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 12
  • 13. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Services-oriented architecture SOA - Enables the aggregation A services oriented architecture enables the aggregation of a diverse portfolio of of a diverse portfolio of IT assets in order to deliver IT assets in order to deliver business services that support operations more business services. effectively, with minimal effort, and without the need for specialized skills. In a services oriented architecture, programs are essentially turned into black boxes that can be used to build new business services without any knowledge of where or on what system they are running. Companies with ERP systems will immediately benefit from Companies with ERP systems investments will immediately benefit from years of years of data asset data asset investments as this knowledge becomes accessible to departments and investments... decision makers across the enterprise. Technology investments can feed off each While IT gurus argue over the other creating the maximum value and improving return on assets. While IT gurus source of competitive argue that competitive innovation will likely come from innovations in cloud innovation - without the ability computing, social operating systems, agile development and web portal strategies, to access, transform and re-use corporate information assets - without the ability to access, transform and re-use corporate information assets, opportunities to lever there can be little doubt that opportunities to lever competitive advantage are competitive advantage are significantly constrained. significantly constrained. Perceived value benefits of migrating to a services oriented architecture and operating environment (employing social operating systems and data mashup tools) Source: Encanvas Ltd 2008© Creating capacity for change For IT leaders, the key challenge For IT leaders, the key challenge today is to rekindle the competitive impact of the today is to rekindle the IT function through adoption of a services-oriented architecture but to do this competitive impact of the IT requires a re-alignment of investment to value: economies have to be found in function. operational budgets to release capacity and money for innovation. A number of embryonic strategies are surfacing in the boardroom (often sponsored by CIOs / IT leaders) to facilitate this resourcing transformation: © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 13
  • 14. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Passing responsibility back to line-of-business managers IT leaders are happily jumping IT leaders are happily jumping on the willingness of (increasingly IT literate) line- on the willingness of line-of- business managers to take of-business managers to take accountability for IT projects to try out and validate accountability for IT projects to new innovations. With information management being so critical to workforce try out and validate new productivity and process excellence, progressive line-of-business managers are innovations. leading the charge to try new things and lever technologies they use in their social lives that have yet to cross the Rubicon into the business world. The deal being offering by resource constrained IT leaders is straight-forward: “So long as it doesn’t threaten business continuity or security, see if you can make it work in your department and, if you can, then we’ll talk.” The report ‘Greater Business Value" published in 2008 by IT industry analysts Gartner Inc. exploring the changing landscape of enterprise business intelligence states that by 2012, business units, not technology departments, will be held responsible for more than 40 percent of the total budget for BI projects. They add “While technology departments might be making decisions about what technology products to run, business units will be the ones deciding what to do with those tools once they're in the enterprise.” Cross-sourcing operational IT duties To align IT budgets away from operational pressures towards innovation, organizations are exploring outsourcing and cross-sourcing arrangements with IT services companies where proficient expertise can be acquired on demand to serve operational demands. Key areas of outsourcing include applications engineering, help-desk, upgrades, security and platform administration. Platform outsourcing and cloud computing Cloud computing - a computing Cloud computing is a computing model by which users gain access to their model by which users gain preferred portfolio of information services from anywhere, through an Internet access to their preferred browser. The term ‘cloud’ is used as a metaphor to suggest a digital cloud that’s portfolio of information services everywhere; supplying a seemingly endless source of processing resources. The from anywhere, through an Internet browser. advent of cloud computing is providing new opportunities for organizations to call on the investments and expertise of specialist platform management vendors. The cost of maintaining systems and supporting demands for change is encouraging IT leaders to consider moving their systems to ‘the clouds’. The growth rate of cloud computing is expected to be over five times that of on- premise IT delivery and consumption models. Market analysts IDC suggest that ‘One third of all new IT investment will go on cloud-based technologies by 2013’. By 2012, they predict, customer spending on IT cloud services will grow almost threefold to $42 billion. Adopting agile design and self-service tools to serve up agile IT An unsupportable level of demand for information is causing IT leaders to consider new ways of bringing more self-serviceability of applications to online web workers. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 14
  • 15. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Middle managers spend more than a quarter of their time searching for information necessary to their jobs, and when they do find it, it is often wrong. Source: Accenture Information Management Systems sponsored survey, January 2007. In response to these demands, IT leaders are adopting services-oriented information management architectures whereby IT teams forge ‘formal’ data links to core data sources to make ‘web services’ available to business users on their own terms. Information is served up in a form that is easily understood and may be re-used time and again by users for different applications without creating a The risk for IT teams of making mishmash of data structures and connections to systems that would degrade more self-service tools available database performance and be impossible to regulate or sustain. The risk for IT to departments is a free-for-all teams of making more self-service tools available to departments is a free-for-all that results in unmanageable that results in unmanageable data structures and risks of data corruption, security data structures... breaches and accounting errors owing to users unknowingly looking at the wrong data – or worse still, exposing sensitive data to unauthorized people. Advances in operating systems and Rich Internet technologies are introducing a new generation of software applications that provide pint-and-click tools for IT teams to design and deploy new business applications without the overheads of integration and programming. These tools enable IT teams to design applications iteratively in consort with business stakeholders. Not only do these new design methods increase the likelihood of better applications, they also remove the costs of reworking (i.e. Re-coding applications when authored solutions don’t meet the business need/user expectation). Mashing up the enterprise The Long-tail of applications The people responsible for innovation, sales growth and the empowerment of demand – Small communities of cross-organizational teams represent a proportionately small group of users as a users demanding proportion of the total enterprise community, yet their demands for applications proportionately large numbers are disproportionately high creating what has become known as the ‘long-tail of of applications. applications’ (see how the diagram stretches out to the right because of small numbers of users demanding a larger number of applications to serve their needs). The long-tail of applications; a driver for service-oriented architectures © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 15
  • 16. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Social operating systems The successor to enterprise portal suites, these systems manage and facilitate human social relationships and interactions to provide individuals with a means of accessing social networks, content, applications and communications tools at any time. The always online society made possible by the Internet and mobile computing is the primary factor behind the timely arrival of social operating systems while the so-called ‘participative age’ is the prime driver of demand. The Social operating systems place marked difference between social operating systems and the enterprise portal people networks at the core of suites that precede them is the realization that people and their networks must be computing architectures. at the very core of the computing architectures if they are to be successful rather than databases (i.e. ‘doing IT for people, not to them’). Exposing the rich social fabric that underpins business life and capturing meta- information on user behaviors, relationships, knowledge sharing, document collaboration etc. means for the first time that IT systems can progressively learn what matters most to users inviting a new era of collective intelligence and wisdom. It’s not inconceivable that within a matter of a few years, social operating systems will be able to serve relevant content to users even before they know they need it, and the greater use of natural language enquiry and predictive models could further sharpen the ability of systems to almost instinctively interpret and respond to user needs. With social operating systems, the concept of networks morphs from a vision of wires and computers to people and their relationship ties. Social operating systems might be considered the ultimate end-game of computing; a human- centric computing model that binds information, knowledge and wisdom to people and communities. Only recently has business computing shared with the consumer world a similar vista of the future as interest in social networking, and its business impact, has grown. For business, the critical role of For business, the critical role of social operating systems is to facilitate the creation social operating systems is to of gated social networks that may be used as part of organizational design facilitate the creation of gated because they can be made accountable for delivery of specific project outcomes social networks... while contributors are contracted for their specific contributions to the outcomes. This organizational design component removes any potential lack of clarity over intellectual property ownership, terms and conditions of contributions etc. and makes on-demand resourcing of talent and knowledge markets a realistic possibility. This is exampled in the illustration overleaf that shows the requirements of a gated social network for business. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 16
  • 17. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Design components of a gated situational social network. ( , , ); End of people- The organization Comma Two less Your senior grid ‘Rest-of- owns the signifies the senior intellectual end of the first team of three participants in World’ property of the level of people the network People-grid. hierarchy Comma signifies the Brackets You – the end of the End of secure denote a originator and network second level secure owner of the of hierarchy network. network Copyright NDMC Ltd 2006 © The emergence of social The emergence of social operating systems is hugely relevant to ERP strategy operating systems is hugely because these platforms promise to become the future consumption vehicle for relevant to ERP strategy corporate information assets; where the App Stores and information services they because these platforms promise to become the future employ become the information building blocks that bridge between the consumption vehicle for traditional world of enterprise computing and the new world of secure online corporate information assets. communities and millions of unique information experiences delivered online every day. Social operating systems are the essence of human-centric computing – easy to use, focused around the ego-centric needs of individuals and their social networks. Their broad capabilities require significant investment from vendors and this prohibits the number of potential vendors likely to be able to offer mature solutions. Current front-runners vying for inclusion in the early stage social operating systems market include such names as Apple, Facebook and Google. Other companies on the fringe and likely to break into this market include Amazon, eBay, Cisco, Microsoft, IBM, Oracle, Socialcast, BlueKiwi, LinkedIn, Encanvas (Squork) and Jive. Social operating systems exploit Rich Internet platforms to provide easy-to-learn- and-use applications accessible anywhere. They combine data mashup applications, exploit web services and adopt the ‘App Store’ concept popularized by the iPhone to recycle and re-use applications. They also focus more on the support of ‘social processes’ to serve human needs for appropriate protocols supporting casual, informal and formal conversations together and giving social context to the interaction of people. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 17
  • 18. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Social operating systems support a rich feature-set limiting the number of players Identity & access controls Directory and lookup Person-to-person comms Relationships Communication Security Data governance & Social networks Group comms security Social graphing File transfer Systems, data transfer & Recommendations Web-chat networks Social coordination VOIP Rights management Spam control Email IP ownership SMS Semantic tag content Desk sharing Classified advertising Content Commerce Collaboration management Document collaboration Auctions Data visualization tools Recommendation Shopping Recommendations Project management Recommendations Collective intelligence Activity management Knowledge markets Search Outcome measures Talent markets Re-usable applications and Web Services Agile dev. tools App Store Data Integration Agile Dev. mashups Data mashups Logic Mobility Data Connectors Data mart and store Maps Information Flow Design creation Business Intelligence Custom programming Dashboards Application Life-cycle Reports (etc.) Social operating systems Social operating systems leverage new asynchronous hybrid forms of peer-to-peer leverage new asynchronous and group web-chat communications that have advantages over email given that hybrid forms of peer-to-peer interactions are live, group-based and more secure; delivering a user experience and group web-chat... more in-tune with a generation of web-workers accustomed to ‘instant’ communications and collaboration over the Web. ‘Hybrid’ social web-chat technologies bring people together on the same page © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 18
  • 19. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Inclusive security A major inhibitor to innovation in IT has been the threat of data security breaches and non-compliance brought about by use of inappropriate systems. It’s no longer possible for organizations to protect their outer boundaries; with the advent of Inclusive security – It’s no longer possible to protect the outer collaborative working practises sub-contractors, industry partners and customers boundary of the enterprise... all expect to access information that has traditionally been held within the Firewall of the enterprise. For this reason the computing industry has moved towards inclusive security models that govern identity management and access to systems, data governance, system security and intellectual property rights management. Overcoming these security threats without creating a burden of operating overheads (the result of having to perform unwieldy data governance and administration tasks) makes adoption of new approaches more possible and more affordable. Re-modelling for enterprise information management architecture With the inevitable acceptance that there can never be a ‘closed corporate information management system’, the assumed role of ERP systems is now under scrutiny. The question now being asked is which components are ERP components best at and what to do for other areas. The key layers of modern enterprise computing platforms are: Hosting Layer This is the core hardware and software computing platform and its associated management and administration tools. Increasingly, organizations are expected to outsource core systems platforms in the next period due to the economies gained by cloud computing (‘multi-tenant’) approaches but there remain major concerns relating to the proprietary nature of current platforms, limitations in the ability to scale data stores and base customer service and applications deployment platform administration tools. Administration Layer The administration layer includes software and related services responsible for technical development, governance and continuity of business systems. This segment is experiencing the most dramatic shift in scope and approach owing to the introduction of agile development techniques, data mashup software tools and integrated software platforms like Encanvas Secure&Live™ that support massively scaling ‘secure and live’ portal architectures demanded of social operating systems. Master Data Management Layer Master data management – Managing a single version of the truth continues to be a business critical necessity managing a single version of for business organizations. Achieving this in a services oriented world requires the truth... © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 19
  • 20. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World richer tools to understand how data is being governed, who is using it and HOW they are using it. Where third party data is being used, Master Data Management strategies must take account of how useful and accurate external sources are and what level of trust should be attributed to them. Information & Apps Services Layer This technology layer provides software tools and related services to enable IT professionals to support the information service delivery needs of information workers. While the future of computing is likely to involve greater self-servicing of information, and the services that provide information, the level of computer literacy today means that most people in business do not understand how relational databases work and this absence of knowledge can cause critical errors if not governed appropriately. For example, it’s conceivable that a business manager might elect to create their own ‘data mashup’ of customer data and statistics and base decisions on this insight without knowing that they are referencing the wrong tables in the database. It is likely that the majority of New point-and-click tools will organizations will continue to employ IT professionals in support of applications dramatically reduce the burden and web services development, but new point-and-click tools will dramatically of programming... reduce the burden of programming, testing, deployment and re-working of new applications. Integrated Software Platforms like Encanvas Secure&Live provide a complete environment for the design, deployment and operation of applications Social Operating System Layer Social operating systems provide information workers with a ‘secure and live’ Social operating systems provide information workers virtual workspace able to blend social networking, collaboration, communications with a ‘secure and live’ virtual and access to business systems in a single environment accessible anywhere via a workspace... browser. The massively scaling portal architectures of social operating systems mean that users can enjoy uniquely rich and personalized experiences. They are © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 20
  • 21. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World able to collaborate with fellow colleagues, customers and suppliers in open and gated workspaces whilst having fewer concerns over security of data, systems and protection of intellectual property than they have today. Comparison between traditional and modern view of enterprise computing Enterprise Portal Suite Social Operating System (Consumption Layer) (Consumption Layer) Security Communications Collaboration Security Relationship Communications Content Content Collaboration Commerce Apps Store FIREWALL Front-office Middle-Ware Information & Apps Services Layer Office Business Process Web Services Data BPM & Apps Management Library Mashups Logic Shrink-wrap Integration Apps Master Data Management ERP Administration Layer Back-office Customer Web Server Application Site Financials Human Relationship Management Lifecycle Administration Resources Management Stock Control Supply Chain Assets Data Quality Security Agile Management and ETL Development Integration Middle-Apps Hosting and Administration Layer Development Web Server Management and & ALM Site Administration Hosting Layer Hardware Operating Platform Virtualized Operating Administration Systems Administration hardware Systems Data Quality Security Upgrades Data Quality Security Platform Version and ETL and ETL Control Systems Network People Network © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 21
  • 22. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World So which components of IT architecture should ERP systems deliver? The issue of determining what proportion of the total enterprise information management architecture should be delivered through ERP is a growing debate. The chart below provides a summary of the key technology platforms and considers which of these capabilities ERP is best suited to deliver. Arguments For Arguments Against Master Data ERP systems adopt A single ERP system can Management robust protocols to never support the ensure data assets are majority corporate made secure information assets of an agile enterprise Business Process ERP systems provide Processes implemented Modelling boiler plate solutions by ERP systems tend to for core business be an over-kill. Case services experiences show that business stakeholders are best placed to specify their information requirements Customer Relationship ERP systems can ERP systems demand that Management integrate CRM sales representatives processes to create a spend too much time joined up IM strategy manually entering information Enterprise Portal and All major ERP systems ERP systems have limited Social Operating now offer portal track record in supporting Systems solutions social networking and mashup portals With no single strategy fitting every organization, there are several strategies IT leaders can explore: UPGRADE Large footprint - single source Find an ERP system that has the agility to scale to meet all business needs. There are technical reasons why this probably isn’t possible. Furthermore the dexterity of functionality – and social networking functionality - required by service oriented platforms are normally at odds with the culture of ERP systems vendors. There are ERP vendors tend to charge a also affordability issues to consider as ERP vendors charge a premium for software premium for their software modules - buyers can only modules based, no doubt, on the premise that buyers can only source modules source modules from them if from them. Even if a vendor is able to deliver all of the functional components they want a single source needed for the enterprise, it would still be a sensible precaution to make sure solution integration options exist to blend systems (as no system is an island these days). © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 22
  • 23. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Thoughts.  What agility exists to support near-constant change in processes?  How to service the long-tail of applications demand  How open is the platform? Does it use a proprietary database that will be difficult to migrate from?  Approach to services-oriented architecture  Master data management policy  Social operating system features  Is there an SOA version?  Are charging models able to support a pay-as-you use (utility) based pricing model  Is a cloud borne solution an option?  What level of proprietary tie-up is involved?  What is the cost of migrating to the new ERP system from the old?  What data-quality strategy does the vendor recommend?  What is the potential cost of porting to an alternative system  Support for mobility and remote working  Policies and protocols for inclusive security including network, message and systems security, identity management and access control, data governance and security and IP protection Small footprint - focus on a core business processes Another stance is to source an ERP product that shows promise in its support for core processes and explore BPM tools as a means of providing richer support for the enterprise with agile development methods. In this case the proposal focuses on a small foot-print of ERP recognizing that – in the age of information consumers – ERP systems can no longer be the sole gate-keeper of enterprise processes and information assets. BUILD Medium footprint - build your own ERP solution It’s almost hard to think about now but in the early days of computerization of financial accounts it wasn’t uncommon for large corporations to build their own ERP solution. With today’s agile development software and BPM tools there are arguments that organizations are better placed than ever before to consider self- authoring a solution that fits their business and can be serviced by multiple contractors without a restrictive commercial tie-in to one vendor. Probably the most popular MODERNIZE emerging strategy is to consider a blended strategy formed Medium footprint – A blended strategy around a Master Data Probably the most popular emerging strategy is to consider a blended strategy Management (MDM) and Services-Oriented Architecture formed around a Master Data Management and Services-Oriented Architecture (SOA)... where the usefulness and ‘fit’ of existing ERP data assets is assessed and decisions © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 23
  • 24. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World are made whether they should be re-sited, merged with another ERP system or re- designed. With the broad range of mature offerings in the BPM and agile development arena now available a growing number of IT thought-leaders are promoting the idea of Rich Internet based blended strategies. Bruce Richardson of AMR Research Technology in his article ‘ERP Doomsday Scenario: Death by SOA? (August 17, 2006)’ suggests a doomsday scenario for ERP vendors is that, circa 2010: SAP and Oracle customers stop buying applications from their ERP vendors. Instead, they contract with low-cost Indian or Eastern European integrators to build custom composite apps that sit on top of their ERP backbone. In 2005 a major wholesaler was able to forego a PeopleSoft upgrade by putting new features out in a service-enabled middleware stack. Richardson suggests, SOA may not overcome ERP with one big swoop, but through a dribbling of features toward the service layer, forestalling or reducing upgrades. No footprint - Forget ERP, think MDM! Consider what the Master Data Management strategy of the enterprise should be and what role a core ERP system should fulfil. There are arguments that more A more thoughtful and future- adept Business Process Modelling (BPM) tools exist to create processes across the proof strategy is to consider enterprise; that customer relationship management should be more social and what the Master Data community based and that sourcing more open applications solutions is more cost Management (MDM) strategy of effective and assure a ‘better fit’ to the way a business actually works without the enterprise should be and what role a core ERP system having to synthetically re-model the business to fit the ERP system. should fulfil. OUTSOURCE AND SOA Open, services-oriented ERP outsourcing An increasing number of service-oriented ERP offerings are appearing in the market, fuelled by the potential of cloud computing and Rich Internet Applications to provide a more, affordable, open and agile computing platform for businesses that is better placed to deal with rapid growth and scale to global proportions. Competency matching The disciplines demanded to meet all project aspects are unlikely to be supported by a single vendor. Referenced competencies might include: Item Competencies Source 1 Data analytics, ETL and master data management Data quality and ETL 2 Organizational engineering and alignment Management consulting 3 Business processing modelling and RFP design IT consulting 4 Systems supply Systems vendors 5 Systems deployment and project management Systems vendors / IT consulting 6 Project facilitation, outsourcing and cross-sourcing App dev, systems Platform support engineering, outsourcing 7 Customer service and help-desk Outsourcing © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 24
  • 25. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Key project stages While different circumstances and project kick-off points will vary approach, Encanvas identifies the following project stages as being important: Recommended phases of ERP improvement programs Data audit Master Data Management Data health-check Data migration plan (MDM) vision and strategy Discovery and value chain mapping Improvement Current status Future wanted state programming strategy Alignment and IM architecture System analysis Gap analysis Tech specs, RFP specs Business process modelling Business analysis Systems analysis Roadmap Procurement Selection Commissioning Partnership Service agreement Selection Partnering © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 25
  • 26. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World 1. Data audit Know what you know and cut IT projects costs and risks Businesses spend billions of dollars migrating data between information-intensive applications yet 75% of new systems fail to meet expectations, often because flaws in data quality or the migration process are not adequately validated. With the excitement of new systems and capabilities, data migration planning is sometimes seen as the ‘dirty end’ of IT systems transformations: shifting data from one bucket to another via a process that it seen as a necessary administrative overhead. The The most effective way to most effective way to deliver value from new systems is to make sure data quality deliver value from new systems is high at an early stage. A data discovery audit enable organizations to quantify is to make sure data quality is and publish evidence of the true impact of Data Quality issues within the business high at an early stage. before advanced plans and expectations are put in place. Advanced interrogation and analysis tools speed up and improve the quality of data analysis enabling planners to appreciate data quality threats Source: Datanomic Ltd 2. Discovery and value chain mapping Business case development: Appreciate how to align information management strategy and priorities to make the biggest impact on customer value and operational excellence. The discovery phase, when The discovery phase, when conducted in an inclusive manner, minimizes project conducted in an inclusive risk by sharing project goals and expectations with stakeholders and ensuring manner, minimizes project risk there is a shared commitment (and accountability) to achieve project goals. This is by sharing project goals and an opportunity to engage with stakeholders to identify quick wins, scope critical expectations with stakeholders and ensuring there is a shared success factors, appreciate human-centric areas of organizational improvement commitment (and and any additional information management requirements that may fall within or accountability) to achieve beyond the scope of the project. Key analytical elements include an examination project goals. of MDM strategy, a data quality heath-check and information service needs analysis. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 26
  • 27. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Approach: 1. Scorecard development / review 2. Economic value chain modelling 3. Issue Signature Analysis (ISA) for key stakeholders 4. Workshop reviews with senior management team 5. Draw up statement of requirements Considerations: Agree a discovery project profile. Thought should be given to:  Does the organization understand how its processes contribute to strategic objectives and golden threads?  To what extent are customers, industry partners, channel partners, sub contractors, outsources, SSC’s (etc.) contribute to the economic value chain and, if they do, to what extend must ERP systems support them? Outcomes: Improvement programming report comprising of: 6. Project scope 7. Strategy model 8. Recommendations for improvement programming (including training) 9. Options and opinions - quick wins and critical success factors 10. Risk analysis IM discovery report comprising of: 11. Project scope 12. MDM report (including findings and recommendations) 13. Data quality report (including findings and recommendations) 14. SOA report (including findings and recommendations) 15. Opportunities and quick-wins 16. Statement of requirements 17. Risk analysis 3. Alignment and IM architecture Develop coherent IM strategy: Gather business and technical requirements to create an information management strategy aligned to the current and anticipated future organizational needs with clearly articulated customer value and operational excellence benefits resulting from project investments. Approach: 18. Mapping and prioritization of processes to economic value chain 19. Action framework organizational design model 20. Architectural modelling 21. Draw up statement of requirements Outcomes: IM report comprising of:  Project scope © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 27
  • 28. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World  Strategic alignment model (cascading scorecard)  Process maps  Data quality and enrichment strategy  MDM strategy  ERP strategy  Portal strategy  Opportunities, quick-wins and risk analysis 4. Business process modelling The purpose of this phase is to provide detailed use cases and process models as a pre-curser to development or procurement. Approach: 22. Business analysis 23. System Analysis 24. Development roadmap or specification for RFP Outcomes:  Business process and system analysis  Requirements specification  RFP documentation or development roadmap 5. Procurement The procurement phase for systems or services. 6. Partnership The purpose of this phase is to select appropriate partners for hosting, cross- sourcing and outsourcing to re-align IT investments away from operational competencies towards innovation and improvement. Considerations Given its strategic remit of ERP systems to guide the hand of core business processes and protect and serve the most critical information assets, any decision to replace or upgrade is a big one. It’s worthy of considering a series of broader strategic questions: 1. Check to make sure you’re answering the right question Understanding WHY a change in ERP system is being considered helps focus minds on how to better serve business needs. When approaching ERP deployments second time around, it’s likely that transactional processes are well understood and function well, so the broader question is around the growth support opportunity, such as support of online communities (partners, suppliers, customers) etc. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 28
  • 29. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Drivers for upgrading or modernizing ERP systems may include:  The cost of the incumbent ERP system is getting intolerable  Platform obsolescence  Platforms fail to fit business needs  Inability to support communities  Harmonization – Too many ERP systems  Cost of sustainability and upgrades Drivers that raise ‘ERP performance’ on the priorities agenda may provide an opportunity to reflect on the balance of accountability within departments over IT projects. It might also offer the opportunity to re- qualify the alignment and value that IT offers the enterprise. A broader debate can deliver more returns to the business, such as: “How should the IT function support process owners in always delivering operational excellence and what is the expected future role of ERP systems in this context? 2. Question if ‘mechanization of processes done by IT’ the right path There is a huge risk that ‘doing IT to people’ will only result in more mechanization without creating ownership, accountability and double loop learning in operational silos. Improvements in IT ‘functionality’ and data quality might well be offset by poor workforce engagement and a lack of talent exploitation. Perhaps a better strategy would be to engage departmental leaders on how to engineer continuous improvement and consider embedded process improvement managers (trained in IT) within change teams. 3. Think about the broader master data management outcomes Accepting that the majority of business critical information will in future be sourced from beyond the boundaries of the enterprise, perhaps a review of Master Data Management and SOA strategy will define requirements and scope of ERP. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 29
  • 30. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Recommendations Before making decisions on how to modernize ERP platforms, IT leaders should consider the following strategic questions: 1. How does the organization set an improvement agenda that embraces process mechanization but isn’t driven by it (resulting in ‘doing IT to people, not for them’)? 2. How well does information management strategy serve the business today - and what about tomorrow? What gap exists? a. Is the standard of data quality able to support the objectives of improvement programmes? b. What Master Data Management architecture should exist to support change in the business and what role has ERP to play in that strategy? 3. How can a joined-up improvement program be initiated that: a. Delivers break-through customer and shareholder value benefits, competitive advantage and cashable efficiency savings b. Encourages line-of-business stakeholders to take accountability and responsibility for improvement. c. Considers human and system opportunities (and threats) of improvement d. Meets IT deadline targets for systems improvement © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 30
  • 31. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World The role of Encanvas in ERP modernization Encanvas® software makes the workplace work better, bringing value to the Microsoft® enterprise platform by creating the technologies organizations need to spend less and achieve more from software investments. The company has created the world’s first Integrated Software Platform; digital equivalent of the micro-chip. Its Secure&Live™ platform enables the design, deployment and operation of applications without coding or scripting all made possible by a single tightly coupled architecture. Encanvas facilitates the massive scaling of portal architectures so users can communicate, share information and their applications in real-time while operating in ‘secure spaces’ that protect systems, data, identity and intellectual property. Risk mitigation Encanvas reduces project risks in the following ways: 1. Encanvas rapidly constructs functioning software applications (that are live working systems, not prototypes or simulations) to enable stakeholders to quickly realize the value of applications without exposing the organization to high costs of development. 2. The cost of learning is slight. Developing new applications is a learning exercise and mistakes will inevitably be made but, with Encanvas, the cost of change is minimized by its iterative design approach and simple deployment. 3. Encanvas adopts industry standards in every aspect of its deployment which means there is no proprietary tie-in to software vendors. Software development cost reduction Encanvas Agile is an example of an agile development environment created for the services oriented world. Using ready-made applications building blocks, Encanvas dramatically reduces programming overheads and encourages iterative design and publishing of business applications. Encanvas is supplied on a licensing model which means there is no on-cost for successive applications. IT teams can create as many applications as they like for portal or mobile deployment without any frictional IT costs. Furthermore, Encanvas releases capacity in IT teams to focus investments in IT towards customer value and shareholder returns. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 31
  • 32. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Impact of Encanvas Secure&Live™ on software development process and costs Time Project management overhead Maintenance & Enhancements Help files User testing Plus: Re-working Encanvas produces Testing and tuning hundreds of unique Cross browser web experiences! compatibility  Smaller, simpler projects mean lower project overheads Development  Webshow360™ provides remote support (guide users through applications online)  Version Rollback™ means updates and enhancements are made simple!  Automates help file creation PM overhead  Iterative design means no re- Maintenance working Help files and  Cross-browser support documentation  Rapid, iterative development Database Design User testing using ready-made components Testing and tuning  Auto database creation Integration Development  AnySource™ data mashups and integration  Data analysis / re-usable flow Data analysis Database creation design tools Integration  Iterative development Data analysis Specification requires less detailed specs.  Small project teams, Spec. Development less complexity Project setup Project setup Traditional With Encanvas® development project © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 32
  • 33. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Growth innovation support Encanvas supports growth innovation within organizations by enabling IT teams to serve more stakeholder requirements for ‘best fit’ solutions. It offers a ‘see-no- code’ design, deployment and operational management platform that cuts the amount of coding and scripting required when deploying business applications. It facilitates the embedding of IT professionals into business improvement teams to design new applications iteratively in consort with stakeholders; speeding time to value, cutting the complexity/cost of projects, and removing re-working and integration costs. Data mashups and federated applications Advanced data integration capabilities enable Encanvas to exploit services oriented architectures and acquire data from silos across the enterprise and beyond. Its ability to re-use and bridge across information sources to create new business applications and dashboards provides rapid time to value. Supporting information management for communities With its rich data integration and mashup features blended with Rich Internet Applications development and cloud based deployment, Encanvas extends ERP systems to support the needs of supplier, industry partner and customer communities. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 33
  • 34. WHITE PAPER | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Services Oriented World Contact Information About the Author Previously holding a series of Sales and Marketing Management and Directorship positions in the European IT industry, in 2002 Ian Tomlin co-founded the International Management Consultancy NDMC Ltd whose portfolio of clients includes some of the world’s largest public and private sector organizations. With Nick Lawrie he co-authored ‘Agilization’, a guide to regenerating competitiveness for Western World companies. Ian Tomlin has authored several other business books and hundreds of articles on business strategy, IT and organizational design. About Encanvas Encanvas makes the workplace work better. We bring added value to the Microsoft enterprise platform by creating technologies organizations need to spend less and get more from their software investments. We’ve created the world’s first Integrated Computer-Aided-Applications-Design (CAAD) Software Platform. Encanvas Secure&Live™ facilitates the near-real-time design, deployment and operation of applications without coding - all made possible by a single tightly coupled architecture. It offers a massively scaling portal architecture; so users can communicate, share information and their applications while operating in ‘secure spaces’ that protect systems, data, identity and intellectual property. Encanvas Inc. 2710 Thomas Avenue, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001 USA. (Americas) +1 201 777 3398 (Europe) +44 1865 596151 www.encanvas.com All information of whatever kind and which is contained in this documentation shall be called for the purposes of this project ‘Confidential Information’ and remains the property of Encanvas Inc. All trademarks and trade names used within this document are acknowledged as belonging to their respective owners. © 2009 Encanvas Inc. 34