Why? A Discussion about Cognitive Architectures and Deep Thinking
- 1. Why? Cognitive Architectures and Deep Thinking ISSIP Conference Call 21 January, 2016 Jack Park
- 2. My Purpose • Is Not – To advance our understandings by making claims, broad or otherwise. • Is – To explore avenues which can lead to advanced understandings by way of illustrations , with a touch of theoretical considerations – To start a larger conversation…
- 3. Situation A • Niel deGrasse Tyson asked Sir Richard Branson if Sir Richard could grant free rides to space for politicians and world leaders* • Why? • Tyson had stated that every astronaut he interviewed could not imagine lifting arms against another human after experiencing Earth from space. • Why? * http://www.techinsider.stfi.re/neil-degrasse-tyson-meets-pepper-the-robot-at-clinton-globale-initiative-2015-9?sf=aaeoxy after minute 46 in the video
- 4. Situation B • A person’s parent succumbs to the end game of a Leukemia. – The person is told by the parent’s physician that Leukemias are not familial; nothing to worry about. – Several years later, that person is diagnosed with the same Leukemia. • Why?
- 5. Situation C • CO2 in the upper atmosphere is claimed to contribute to climate change • Why? • CO2 is defined as a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases contribute to climate change. • Why?
- 6. Why Indeed! Aristotle’s 4 Causes* • Material Cause – Change related to the material composition (components) • Formal Cause – Change related to the arrangement, shape, structure (design) • Efficient Cause – Change related to agency (carpenters) • Final Cause – Change related to the target to which change directs (purpose) * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_causes
- 7. Final Cause • Final Cause as: – Purpose – Emergent state based on a final binding of the history – Anticipation*: a predictive model *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticipation_(artificial_intelligence) Robert Rosen (1985): Anticipatory Systems
- 8. A Non-living Example What How Why
- 10. Tighter Focus
- 11. Why Microbiome? Anticipatory Systems: Closed To Efficient Cause Robert Rosen * (1991): Life Itself * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Rosen_(theoretical_biologist)
- 12. Why Ask Why? • To Study Complex Systems – Anticipatory Systems • Living systems are anticipatory – Deep Thinking: • Relational Models of complex systems entail examination of all aspects of causality A system containing a predictive model of itself and/or its environment, which allows it to change state at an instant in accord with the model's predictions pertaining to a later instant. (Rosen)* *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticipation_(artificial_intelligence) Robert Rosen (1985): Anticipatory Systems
- 13. Thanks to the organizers at IBM: Jim Spohrer Dianne Fodell Thanks to reviewers: Randy Goebel Mark Szpakowski Nefer Doane Why Not? Cognitive Systems Institute talks are archived at http://cognitive-science.info/community/weekly-update/ jackpark@topicquests.org