Wind power PRESENTATION
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This document provides an overview of wind energy, including its history, workings, advantages, site selection considerations, improvements over time, and future potential. It notes that wind energy has been harnessed for centuries through windmills, but grid electrification displaced these in the early 20th century. Modern wind turbines convert kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power, with efficiency and capacity factors increasing through technological advances. While birds, noise, and visual impacts are disadvantages, wind energy provides environmental and economic benefits as a renewable source that could potentially generate 6% of the nation's electricity by 2020. The future potential of offshore wind farms is also discussed.
Wind power PRESENTATION
- 1. 1 Wind Energy A Renewable Source of Energy Presentation By Sanjana and Alekhya 2nd Year EEE Department BVRIT Hyderabad
- 2. 2 Renewable Energy Energy is basically classified into 2 categories. Renewable and Non Renewable. Non Renewable sources are Coal, Petrol etc... Renewable Sources are Solar, Biomass, Wind, Water etc…
- 3. 3 Wind Energy Outline History Context Working Advantages Site Selection Disadvantages Economics Improvement Future
- 4. 4 Wind Energy History 1200 to 1850 Golden era of windmills started in western Europe – 50,000 1850’s Multiblade turbines for water pumping made and marketed in U.S 1850 – 1930 As many as 6,000,000 units installed in US Midwest 1936+ US Rural Electrification Administration extends the grid to isolated rural sites. Grid Electricity rapidly displaced multiblade turbines
- 5. Wind Energy - What is it? All renewable energy (except tidal and geothermal power), ultimately comes from the sun. The earth receives 1.74 x 1017 watts of power (per hour) from the sun. About one or 2 percent of this energy is converted to wind energy (which is about 50-100 times more than the energy converted to biomass by all plants on earth). Differential heating of the earth’s surface and atmosphere induces vertical and horizontal air currents that are affected by the earth’s rotation and contours of the land WIND. Ex: Land Sea Breeze Cycle
- 6. Windmill Design A Windmill captures wind energy and then uses a generator to convert it to electrical energy. The design of a windmill is an integral part of how efficient it will be. When designing a windmill, one must decide on the size of the turbine, and the size of the generator.
- 8. 8 Increasingly Significant Power Source Wind could generate 6% of nation’s electricity by 2020.Wind currently produces less than 1% of the nation’s power. Source: Energy Information Agency
- 9. 9 Advantages of Wind Power Environmental Benefits Economic Development Benefits Fuel Diversity & Conservation Benefits Cost Stability Benefits
- 10. 10 Pollution from Electric Power 23% 28% 33% 34% 70% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Toxic Heavy Metals Particulate Matter Nitrous Oxides Carbon Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide Percentage of U.S. Emissions Electric power is a primary source of industrial air pollution
- 11. 11 Density = P/(RxT) P - pressure (Pa) R - specific gas constant (287 J/kgK) T - air temperature (K) = 1/2 x air density x swept rotor area x (wind speed)3 ρ A V3 Area = π r2 Instantaneous Speed (not mean speed) kg/m3 m2 m/s Power in the Wind (W/m2 )
- 12. 12 Site Selection Technical Factors affecting site selection: High Average annual wind speed Low Cost of Construction Close Distance from Utility line or customers Prevailing wind Direction Surface Roughness Obstacle Height, Dis >5OH, OH, <0.5HH
- 13. 13 Disadvantages Birds - A Serious Obstacle Noise Disturbances Cost of Wind Turbine Threat to Wildlife Wind Can Never Be Predicted Suited To Particular Region Visual Impact
- 14. 14 Wind Energy Natural Characteristics Wind Speed Height Air density Blade swept area
- 15. 15 Turbines Constantly Improving Larger turbines Specialized blade design Power electronics Computer modeling Produces more efficient design Manufacturing improvements
- 16. 16 Improved Capacity Factor Performance Improvements due to: Better sitting Larger turbines/energy capture Technology Advances Higher reliability Capacity factors > 35% at good sites Examples (Year 2000) Big Spring, Texas 37% CF in first 9 months Springview, Nebraska 36% CF in first 9 months
- 17. 17 Expectations for Future Growth 20,000 total turbines installed by 2010 6% of electricity supply by 2020 India now ranks as a “wind superpower” having a net potential of about 45000 MW only from 13 identified states. 100,000 MW of wind power installed by 2020
- 18. 18 The Future of Wind - Offshore • 1.5 - 6 MW per turbine • 60-120 m hub height • 5 km from shore, 30m deep ideal • Gravity foundation, pole, or tripod formation • Shaft can act as artificial reef • Drawbacks- T&D losses (underground cables lead to shore) and visual eye sore
- 19. 19
- 20. 20 Ancient Resource Meets 21st Century
- 21. Thank you Any Queries ?? Project Guide: COL Dr. SURENDRA Visionary Lighting and Energy INDIA Ltd.
Editor's Notes
- #9: As of October, 2002, there is more than 4,300 MW of wind power capacity installed in the U.S. The 10 billion kWh currently generated by wind plants in the U.S. each year displaces some 13.5 billion pounds (6.7 million tons) of carbon dioxide, 35,000 tons of sulfur dioxide, and 21,000 tons of nitrogen oxides. The power that is produced from the wind is still less than 1% of the country’s total electricity production. With the right policy and market incentives, wind power technology can provide more than 6% of the nation’s electricity by 2020, which is roughly equal to an installed capacity base of 100,000 MW. That would produce enough electricity for 25 million homes and displace approximately 160 million tons of carbon dioxide, 840,000 tons of sulfur dioxide, and 503,000 tons of nitrogen oxides.
- #10: The fact that electricity produced with wind power does not emit harmful pollutants or burn resources is an obvious advantage of the technology. In addition, it can provide cost stability to a utilty’s resource portfolio and bring income and tax benefits to rural communities.
- #12: Because the power that can be converted to electricity varies by the area swept by the rotor, a designer can dramatically increase the electricity output by making the blades longer.
- #16: Larger turbines produce exponentially more power, which reduces unit cost of electricity Rotor blade airfoils specially designed for wind turbines Power electronics improve turbine operations and maintenance Computer modeling produces more efficient design
- #17: The capacity factor assess the productivity of a wind turbine, comparing the actual production with the amount of power the plant would have produced if it had run at full capacity the same amount of time. Since a wind plant uses the wind for its fuel, and the wind does not constantly blow at full speed, modern wind turbines have capacity factors that range from 25%-40%, although they will probably achieve higher capacity factors during windy months. It is important to note that while capacity factor is almost entirely a matter of reliability for a fueled power plant, it is not for a wind plant—for a wind plant, it is a matter of economical turbine design. With a very large rotor and a very small generator, a wind turbine would run at full capacity whenever the wind blew and would have a 60-80% capacity factor—but it would produce very little electricity. The most electricity per dollar of investment is gained by using a larger generator and accepting the fact that the capacity factor will be lower as a result. Wind turbines are fundamentally different from fueled power plants in this respect. If a wind turbine&apos;s capacity factor is 33%, it does not mean that it is only running one-third of the time. A wind turbine at a typical location in the Midwestern U.S. should run about 65-80% of the time. However, much of the time it will be generating at less than full capacity (see previous answer), making its capacity factor lower.