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Wireless Local Loops Theory and Applications Wireless Local Loops: Theory and Applications, Peter Stavroulakis Copyright # 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd ISBNs: 0±471±49846±7 (Hardback); 0±470±84187±7 (Electronic)
Wireless Local Loops Theory and Applications Edited by Peter Stavroulakis Director, Telecommunication Systems Institute Crete JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD Chichester New York Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto
Copyright # 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 1UD, England National 01243 779777 International (‡44) 1243 779777 e-mail (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on http://www.wiley.co.uk or http://www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1P 9HE, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the publication. Neither the author(s) nor John Wiley Sons Ltd accept any responsibility or liability for loss or damage occasioned to any person or property through using the material, instructions, methods or ideas contained herein, or acting or refraining from acting as a result of such use. The author(s) and Publisher expressly disclaim all implied warranties, including merchantability of fitness for any particular purpose. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley Sons, Ltd is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158±0012, USA WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Pappelallee 3, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley Sons Australia, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley Sons (Canada) Ltd, 22 Worcester Road Rexdale, Ontario, M9W 1L1, Canada John Wiley Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02±01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0471 49846 7 Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Kolam Information Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry, in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.
Dedicated to my family Nina, Peter, Steven, Bill, Stelios who helped me go when the going seemed difficult
Contents List of Contributors xi Preface xv Acknowledgement xvii Part I Theoretical aspects 1 1 Introduction to WLL: Digital Service Technologies 3 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Advantages of Wireless Systems 5 1.3 WLL Service Requirements 6 1.4 Generic WLL System Architecture 9 1.5 WLL System Technologies 14 1.6 Comparison of WLL Services 29 Appendix A Fixed versus Mobile Cellular Systems 30 Appendix B CDMA versus TDMA in WLL 31 References 33 2 Propagation Models for Wireless Local Loops 35 2.1 Introduction 35 2.2 WLL System Configuration 36 2.3 Delay Spread in WLL Environments 37 2.4 Components of Overall Path Loss 39 2.5 Path Loss Models 43 2.6 Comparison of Propagation Models 55 References 55 3 Wireless Local Loop Networks Capacity Enhancement by Space Division Multiple Access 57 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Background 57 3.3 Technologies for the First Generation of Wireless Local Loop 63 3.4 Multiple Access Techniques 70 3.5 Simulation Description 75 3.6 Performance Results 76 References 77
4 Combined Trellis Coded Quantization/Modulation over a Wireless Local Loop Environment 81 4.1 Introduction 81 4.2 Fundamentals of Trellis Coded Modulation 81 4.3 General Aspects of Combined Trellis Coded Quantization/Modulation Schemes 83 4.4 Basic Model 88 4.5 An Example: 4-State 8-Psk Combined Trellis Coded Quantization/Modulation 95 References 99 5 Low Sequency W-CDMA Codes Lead to More Economic WLL and Infostation Terminals 101 5.1 Introduction 101 5.2 Code Selection and Generation 104 5.3 Infostation Transmitter 106 5.4 Terminal Receiver 107 5.5 Simplified Signal Processing for a Low Data Rate Terminal 108 5.6 Noise Analysis and Processing Gain 110 References 112 6 Wide-band Wireless Outdoor to Indoor Local Loop Channel Models for Urban and Suburban Environments at 2 GHz 115 6.1 Introduction 115 6.2 Experimental Procedure 116 6.3 Data Processing 120 6.4 Channel Parameters 123 6.5 Channel Model 131 References 139 7 Traffic Considerations in Comparing Access Techniques for WLL 141 7.1 Introduction 141 7.2 Fixed Wireless Access Networks 142 7.3 Multiple Access Technologies 144 7.4 CDMA Capacity Analysis 146 7.5 Comparison of TDMA and CDMA Results 159 List of Abbreviations 161 References 161 8 Traffic Based Dynamic Channel Allocation Schemes for WLL 163 8.1 Introduction 163 8.2 Access on Allocation Technologies 163 8.3 FWA Network Scenarios 168 8.4 Simulation Results of DCA in FWA Networks 178 List of Abbreviations 189 References 190 viii Contents
9 WLL as an Interferer 191 9.1 Introduction 191 9.2 system Overview of WLL as an Interferer 194 9.3 Architecture of WLL as an Interferer 201 9.4 Problem Definition 201 9.5 Description of the Systems 202 9.6 Spectral Characteristics of Signals 210 9.7 Interference Effects Analysis 214 9.8 Study Case 217 References 228 Part II Applications 231 10 Development of a Prototype of the Broadband Radio Access Integrated Network 233 10.1 Introduction 233 10.2 System Overview 234 10.3 MAC Protocol: RS-ISMA 236 10.4 BRAIN Indoor LAN Prototype 240 References 245 11 PBX based Mobility Manager for WLL 247 11.1 Introduction 247 11.2 A Computer-controlled PBX Architecture 247 11.3 Mobility Management for PBX 248 11.4 Registration Procedures 252 11.5 Call Termination 255 11.6 Performance Issues 258 References 260 12 Remote Management and Upgrade in a Wireless Local Loop System 261 12.1 Introduction 261 12.2 Wireless Local Loop Application Overview 262 12.3 Remote Upgrade of Fixed Subscriber Units 263 12.4 Event Logging for Remote Management 266 References 270 13 Current and Future Services Using Wireless Local Loop (WLL) Systems 271 13.1 Introduction 271 13.2 WLL System Architecture 272 13.3 WLL Service Requirements 274 13.4 Services with Currently Available Systems 276 13.5 Further Considerations for Multimedia Services 280 References 281 Index 283 Contents ix
List of Contributors B. R. Badrinath WINLAB and Computer Science Rutgers University 73 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Ioannis S. Barbounakis Telecommunications Systems Institute of Crete (T.S.I.) Iroon Polytechniou 37 str. 73133 Chania, Crete, Greece Tel: ‡30±821±28457 Fax: ‡30±821±28459 E-mail: ioannis@tsinet.gr Hans Bhatia Hughes Network Systems 11717 Exploration Lane Germantown, MD 20876, USA E-mail: bhatia@hns.com Roger Easo Aachen University of Technology Kopernikusstr. 16 D±52074 Aachen, Germany Tel: ‡49 (0)241 88 90 340 Fax: ‡49 (0)241 88 88 242 E-mail: reo@comnets.rwth-aachen.de James G. Evans WINLAB and Computer Science Rutgers University 73 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Ingo Forkel Aachen University of Technology Kopernikusstr. 16 D±52074 Aachen, Germany Tel: ‡49 (0)241 88 90 340 Fax: ‡49 (0)241 88 88 242
Giselle M. Galvan-Tejada Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Bradford Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK John Gardiner Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Bradford Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK E-mail: j.d.gardiner@bradford.ac.uk Dongsoo Har AirTouch Cellular 2785 Mitchell Drive MS8±2, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 Tel: ‡1 510±279±6310 Fax: ‡1 510±279±6317 E-mail: dhar@nit.airtouch.com Yoshihiro Hase Yokosuka Radio Communications Research Centre Communication Research Laboratory 3±4-Hikarino-oka Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 239±0847, Japan Masugi Inoue Yokosuka Radio Communications Research Centre Communication Research Laboratory 3±4-Hikarino-oka Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 239±0847, Japan Thomas Jagodits Hughes Network Systems 11717 Exploration Lane Germantown, MD 20876, USA E-mail: tjagodits@hns.com Wha Sook Jeon Departement of Computer Engineering Seoul National University Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 151±742, Korea E-mail: jeon@ieee.org Dong Geun Jeong Departement of Electronics Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Yongin-si, Kyonggi-do, 449±791, Korea E-mail: dgjeong@ieee.org xii List of Contributors
Yi-Bing Lin Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan E-mail: liny@csie.nctu.edu.tw Stefan Mangold Aachen University of Technology Kopernikusstr. 16 D±52074 Aachen, Germany Tel: ‡49 (0)241 88 90 340 Fax: ‡49 (0)241 88 88 242 E-mail: smd@comnets.rwth-aachen.de Ian Oppermann Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC) University of Oulu Oulu, FIN-90570, FINLAND E-mail ian.oppermann@ee.oulu.fi S. Paker Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Istanbul Technical University Maslak 80626, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: spaker@ehb.itu.edu.tr Peter Stavroulakis Telecommunications Systems Institute of Crete (T.S.I.) Iroon Polytechniou 37 str. 73133 Chania, Crete, Greece Tel: ‡30±821±28457 Fax: ‡30±821±28459 E-mail: peter@tsinet.gr Jaako Talvitie Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC) University of Oulu Oulu, FIN-90570, FINLAND O. N. Uc Ëan Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Istanbul University Avcilar 34850, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: uosman@istanbul.edu.tr List of Contributors xiii
M. Uysal Wireless Communication Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Texas AM University College Station, 77840, Texas, USA E-mail: uysal@ee.tamu.edu Bernhard Walke Aachen University of Technology Kopernikusstr. 16 D52074 Aachen, Germany Tel: ‡49 (0)241 88 90 340 Fax: ‡49 (0)241 88 88 242 Gang Wu Yokosuka Radio Communications Research Centre Communication Research Laboratory 3±4-Hikarino-oka Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 239±0847, Japan Howard H. Xia AirTouch Communications 2999 Oak Rd MS900, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 Tel: ‡1 510±210±3461 Fax: ‡1 510±210±3469 E-mail: howard.xia@airtouch.com Shun-Ren Yang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan xiv List of Contributors
Preface This book entitled Wireless Local Loops ± Theory and Applications has been motivated by a similar course taught by the editor and by a conference on a similar subject organised by the same editor. The aim of the book is to present in a self-contained manner and in a tutorial format the theoretical aspects and various practical applications of a new medium of transmission which is called Wireless Local Loops which is making a major impact in the provision of new services. Over the years, WLL have been called radio in the loop (RITL) or fixed radio access (FRA) to indicate a system that connects subscribers to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) using radio signals as a substitute for copper for all or part of the connection between the subscriber and the switch. This includes cordless access systems, proprietary fixed radio access, and fixed cellular systems. Industry analysts predict that the global WLL market will reach millions of subscribers by the year 2000. Much of this growth will occur in emerging economies where half the world's population lacks plain old telephone service (POTS). Developing nations like China, India, Brazil, Russia, and Indonesia look to WLL technology as an efficient way to deploy POTS for millions of subscribers ± without the expense of burying tons of copper wire. In developed economies, WLL will help unlock competition in the local loop, enabling new operators to bypass existing wireline networks to deliver POTS and data access. So the question is not will the local loop go wireless, but when and where. It is also expected to play a major role in the third and fourth-generation mobile systems. As such, it seems appropriate at this point of time to put together a book which will cover the theory and possible applications of WLL which present in a concise and coherent manner concepts which presently can only be found in the proceedings of advanced telecommunication journals and conferences. Part I covers more of the theoretical aspects which include propagation, modulation, coding, channel modelling, and traffic engineering issues for WLL, where Part II covers prototype designs of various access protocols and a mobility manager as well as a remote management system and provision of multimedia services. The book starts with a general overview of Wireless Local Loops by I. Barbounakis and P. Stavroulakis, it continues with a presentation of propagation models for WLL by Dongsoo Har and Howard H. Xia. Chapter three covers Capacity Enhancement Issues for Space Division Multiple Access by G. M. Galvan-Tejada and J. G. Gardiner. Modu- lation aspects are covered in chapter four by O. N. Ucan, M. Uysal and S. Paker. Chapter five covers an algorithmic approach for the generation of orthogonal Hadamard code in order to reduce complexity in low data WLL receivers by J. G. Evans and B. R. Badrinath. Channel modelling for indoors and outdoors WLL is presented in chapter
six by Ian Oppermann and Jaako Talvitie. Chapters seven and eight cover the traffic considerations in comparing access techniques for WLL and Dynamic Channel Alloca- tion Schemes by Ingo Forkel, Stefan Mangold, Roger Easo and Bernhard Walke. Applications are covered in Part II which starts with chapter nine to present an innovative access protocol prototype by Masugi Inoue, Gang Wu and Yoshihiro Hase and chapter ten presents a mobility manager which is based on a private branch exchange. A remote management system is presented in chapter eleven by T. Jagodits and Hans Bhatia and finally the prospects for current and future services using WLL is covered in chapter twelve by Dong Geun Jeong and Wha Sook Jeon. In closing, we believe that this book will help the new generation of graduate students and practising engineers in the coming years to grasp the basic background of WLL which will play a major role in the provision of new services as it relates to third and fourth-generation wireless systems. We also hope that it will assist young researchers to further investigate this new field. xvi Preface
Acknowledgement I feel indebted to the contributors of this book whose diligent work made this book possible and my staff at T.S.I especially Mr. H. Sandalidis and Chrysanthi Lytra who worked endless hours helping me to put this material together and in a publishing format.
Index Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) 17, 18, 68 Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) 66, 196 Alcatel Evolium System 26±7 Antennas 10, 11, 159 directional subscriber antennas 185 height 36, 38±40, 43±54 patterns 172±3, 205±6 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) 35, 101 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 26, 235 Authentication Centre (AuC) 251 Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) 12 Automatic gain controllers 13±14 Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) 176±7, 181±2 Available Bit Rate (ABR) 169±70, 175±6 Base Service Areas (BSA) 234 Base Station Controller (BSC) 10±11 Base station Transceiver Station (BTS) 9, 10±11 Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) 86 Bit error probability 95 Bit rate 169, 239 Bit-energy to interference spectral power 146, 148±9 Boersma functions 53 Broadband Radio Access Integrated Network (BRAIN) 233±4 architecture 234±5 design 235±6 indoor LAN prototype configuration 240±1 DLC layer equipment 243±4 implementation 241±5 parameters 241 physical layer equipment 242±3 traffic analyser 245 MAC protocol: RS-ISMA control signal definition 237 frame structure 236 information transmission procedure 238 multimedia traffic support 239±40 non-periodic polling mode 239 overview 236 periodic polling mode 238 reservation procedure 237±8 retransmission 240 slot configuration 236±7 Broadband systems 23±7, 36 Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) 25 Broadcast phase 167 Cable television systems 4, 102 Call Process Switching (CPX) 247±8 Capacities CDMA analysis parameters 153±4 ideal system 154±5 inter-cell interference 155 inter-symbol interference 155±8 multicell and multiclass 152±4 single-cell and multiclass 150±2 single-cell and single-class 147±8 Carrier to Interference ratio (C/I) 147, 164±5 Carrier to Multipath Ratio (CMR) 116, 124±8 Cell delay 182 Cell Delay Variation (CDV) 239 Cell Loss Ratio (CLR) 176 Cellular technologies 65±6 GSM 66 IS-54 66±7 IS-95 67 Qualcomm CDMA 67 Channel coders/decoders 13 Channel Segregation (CS) 166 Channel State Information (CSI) 95 283 Wireless Local Loops: Theory and Applications, Peter Stavroulakis Copyright # 2001 John Wiley Sons Ltd ISBNs: 0±471±49846±7 (Hardback); 0±470±84187±7 (Electronic)
Co-Channel Interference (CCI) 171 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 15±16, 70±1, 197 capacity analysis 145 analytical results 154±8 ideal system 154±5 inter-cell interference 155 multiclass services 148±54 single-class services 146±8 traffic model 145±6 compared to TDMA 31±3, 158±60 service class connections 155, 156±7, 158 traffic considerations 144±5 Continuous Phase frequency Modulation (CPM) 81 Control Signal Field (CSF) 236±7 Control signals 237 Copper wiring, limitations 3±4 Cordless systems 63±4 DECT 64 low-range 16 PACS 65 PHS 64±5 Custom Local Area Signalling Services (CLASS) 274 Customer service needs 7 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code 236 Decision-Feedback Equalizers (DFEs) 13 Delay spread 124, 128, 129 Demand-Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA) 28 Developed regions 8±9, 275±6 Developing regions 8, 274±5 Digital beamforming 71 Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) 16, 17, 64, 73, 198, 277±8 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 11, 12±13 Digital Speech Interpolation (DSI) 20 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 3±4, 142, 143 Digital Trunk Unit (DTU) 248±9 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 12 Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) 20 Doppler shift 130 Downlink phase 167 Downstream Information Field (DIF) 236±7 DSC Airspan System 22, 69 Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) 17, 64, 163, 166±8 access and allocation technologies 163, 166±8 fixed channel allocation 165 multiple access 163±5 network scenarios 168 basic parameters 168±9 coding aspects 174 radio aspects 169±74 resource unit DCA parameters 176±8 traffic aspects 174±6 network simulation 178 DCA, simple 180±1 DCA with ARQ 181±2 DCA with asymmetric traffic 182±3 DCA with directional subscriber antennas 185 DCA with power control 183±5 DCA with sectored cells 185±6 evaluation criteria 178 FCA simulation 179±80 Grade of Service (GoS) 187±8 results 179±88 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) 187, 188 Dynamic Channel Selection (DCS) 166 Equalizers 13 Erlangs 206, 258±9 Euclidean distance 82±3, 86 European Cooperation in Scientific and Technical research (COST) path loss model 47±8 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) 58 DECT standard 64 GSM standard 15, 66 HIPERACCESS 233 Fibre To The Curb (FTTC) 233, 234 Filters 12 Finite-Difference-Time Domain (FD-TD) 88±93 Fixed Channel Allocation (FCA) 165, 179±80 Fixed Service/Digital Microwave Link (FS/DML) 201 antenna patterns 205±6 cell and user distribution 205 channel attenuation and coverage margin 207 error probability at receiver output 216 links budget 208 power control 207±8 signal power spectrum density 212 signals description 208±10 system layout 202±5 284 Index
system parameters 217 traffic and capacity analysis 206 Fixed Service-Frequency Division Multiplex/ Frequency Modulation (FS-FDM/FM) 201 antenna patterns 205±6 cell and user distribution 205 channel attenuation and coverage margin 207 interference noise at receiver output 214±16 links budget 208 power control 207±8 signal power spectrum density 210±12 signals description 208±10 system layout 202±5 traffic and capacity analysis 206 Fixed Subscriber Unit (FSU) 9, 10 Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) see Wireless Local Loops Fixed Wireless Network Interface Unit (FWNIU) see Fixed Subscriber Unit Forward Error Correction (FEC) 13 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 25, 70 Frequency usage 14, 32, 68, 233 Frequency-Division Duplex (FDD) 18±19, 193 Future developments 271±2 multimedia services 280±1 service requirements developed regions 275±6 developing regions 274±5 system architecture 272±4 Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation 11, 17 Gaussian noise 121, 210 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) 42±3 Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) 27 Global System For Mobile Communications (GSM) 11, 15, 66, 197 Grade of Service (GoS) 6, 59, 187±8 Hadamard matrix and codes 104, 110, 111 Handover 250 High-range cellular systems 14±15 Home office (SOHO) 101±2 Hughes Network Systems (HNS) Aireach broadband system 24±5 E-TDMA system 20 Telephony Earth Station (TES) 27, 28 Impulse Responses (IR) 115, 116, 120±3, 124 power decay profile 133±4 IMT-2000 198±9 Infostations 102, 103 receivers 107±8 simplified terminals 108±10 transmitters 106±7 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 3, 7 Basic Rate Interface (BRI) 8 Inter-cell interference 152±4, 155, 171±2, 173 Inter-Channel Interference (ICI) 171 Interference 7, 191±4 antenna patterns 205±6 architecture 201 cell and user distribution 205 channel attenuation and coverage margin 207 definition 201 error probability at receiver output 216 links budget 208 noise at receiver output 214±16 noise power contribution 214 power control 207±8 signal spectrum characteristics DML signal power 212 FDM/FM signal power 210±12 SSDS-CDMA signal power 212±13 signals description 208±10 study case 217±28 system implementation 194±6 system layout 202±5 technology 196±200 traffic and capacity analysis 206 Interim Standards (IS) IS-54 11, 66±7 IS-95 14, 15±16, 67, 278 IS-136 12±13, 15 International Telecommunications Union (ITU) 142 International teledensity 142 Internet Protocol (IP) 26, 142 Internet service provision 4 Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) 124, 145, 152, 155±8 Intra-cell interference 154 Ionica 20, 68 Least Significant Bit (LSB) 83 Lloyd-Max Quantizer 84, 87, 97, 99 Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) 4 Index 285
Local Multipoint Distribution Systems (LMDS) 23, 281 Low Delay Code-Excited Linear Prediction (LD-CELP) 18 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems 27 Low-range cordless systems 16 Lucent Airloop system 21±2, 69 Market challenges 101±2 M-Ary modulation 12 Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Estimators (MLSEs) 13 Maxwell's equations 89 Mean Cell Rate (MCR) 177 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol 167±8 control signal definition 237 frame structure 236 information transmission procedure 238 multimedia traffic support 239±40 non-periodic polling mode 239 overview 236 periodic polling mode 238 reservation procedure 237±8 retransmission 240 slot configuration 236±7 Microwave Multipoint Distribution Systems (MMDS) 23, 281 Microwave transmission 4 Microwave Video Distribution Systems (MVDS) 24 Mid-Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite systems 27 Minimum Squared Error (MSE) 86 Modulators 11±12 Most Significant Bit (MSB) 83±4 Motorola Spectrapoint system 25 Multipath Components (MPCs) 121±3, 125±6, 127, 128±30 amplitude distribution 134±5 late arrival 136 number of 131±3 Multiple Access Interference (MAI) 144±5 Multiple access techniques 70 CDMA 70±1 digital beamforming 71 FDMA 70 SDMA 71 study scenarios 72±5 TDMA 70 Multiple Phase-Shift Keying (MPSK) 81 Narrowband systems 19±23, 36 Near±far problem 71, 183 Network Analyser (NWA) 117, 120 Network Interface Unit (NIU) 102 Noise analysis 110±12, 121±3 Non-Line-Of-Sight path (NLOS) 11, 120 Non-periodic polling 239 Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) 196 Nortel Proximity I/Proximity II system 20±1, 68 Reunion system 25±6 Offset Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 12 Optical fibre systems 4 Optimum Performance Theoretically Possible (OPTA) 94±5 Optimum Quantization method 84, 87, 97, 99 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 103 Outdoor to indoor channel models 115±16, 131 amplitude distribution of individual MPCS 134±5 channel parameters 123±4 Carrier to Multipath Ratio (CMR) 124±8 multipath amplitude variations 130±1 multipath component arrivals 128±30 data processing 120±3 experimental procedure 116 frequency domain 116±19 measurements 118±19, 120 time domain 119±20 IR power decay profile 133±4 late arrival of MPCS 136 number of MPCS 131±3 simulation results 136±8 Packet Error Ratio (PER) 171, 184±5 Paging groups 249±50 Path loss 35, 39±40, 43±4 all non-LOS routes 50±2 COST model 47±8 free space loss 40±1 HXB model 49±52 lateral route 50±1 local diffractions 42±3 multiple forward diffractions 41 receiving antenna below rooftops 47±52 staircase route 49 transmitting and receiving antennas above rooftops 44±7, 52±4 transverse route 49 286 Index
Peak Cell Rate (PCR) 239 Periodic polling 238 Personal Access Communications System (PACS) 16, 17±19, 65, 277 Personal Communication Systems (PCS) 11, 197±8 Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) modulation 11 Personal Handy-Phone Services (PHS) 16, 19, 64±5, 102 Personal Wireless Telecommunication (PWT) 16, 17 Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) 3, 21, 27, 271 Point-To-Multipoint (PMP) systems 25 Power control 171, 183±5, 207±8 Private Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX) 201 Private Branch Exchange (PBX) 247 computer-controlled architecture 247±8 call termination 255±8 data structures 253, 256 mobility management 248±52 performance 258±9 registration procedures 252±5 Propagation models 35±6, 55, 59 delay spread 37±9 path loss 39±40, 43±4 all non-LOS routes 50±2 COST model 47±8 free space loss 40±1 HXB model 49±52 lateral route 50±1 local diffractions 42±3 multiple forward diffractions 41 receiving antenna below rooftops 47±52 staircase route 49 transmitting and receiving antennas above rooftops 44±7, 52±4 transverse route 49 Proprietary broadband WLL 23±4 Alcatel Evolium 26±7 HNS Aireach Broadband 24±5 Motorola Spectrapoint 25 Nortel Reunion 25±6 Proprietary narrowband WLL 19, 67 DSC Airspan 22, 69 HNS E-TDMA 20 Lucent Airloop 21±2, 69 Nortel Proximity I/Proximity II 20±1, 68 Qualcomm Qctel 21 Tadiran Multigain 22±3 Pseudonoise (PN) 15 Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) 57, 58 Public Telephony Operators (PTO) 142 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) 18 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) 81 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) 21, 28 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, p=4 (p=4-QPSK) 11, 17, 65 Qualcomm CDMA 67 Code Excited Linear Prediction (QCELP) 15 Qctel system 21 Quality of services 6, 59 Quasi-Line-Of-Sight (QLOS) 126 Quasi-Static Autonomous Frequency Assignment (QSAFA) 18, 65 Radio aspects of dynamic channel allocation antenna patterns 172±3 background noise 170 bit rate 169±70 inter-cell interference 171±2, 173 interference 171 modulation 171 power control 171 propagation model 170 received signal power 171 root mean squared delay spread 170 spectral efficiency 169±70 transmission power 170 Radio Base Station (RBS) 164±5 Radio Local Loop (RLL) see Wireless Local Loops Radio Network Terminal (RNT) 164±5 Random access phase 168 Rayleigh fading 14, 92 Receiver synchronization circuits 12±13 Regular Pulse Excitation Long Term Predictive (RPE-LTP) coding 15 Remote management 261 event logging 266 link operation 266 poll operation 267±9 terminal operation 267 upgrade of fixed subscriber units automated download 263 broadcast 263 characteristics 263±6 processing 265±6 Index 287
Remote management (cont.) upgrade of fixed subscriber units (cont.) retransmission 263 software image partitioning 263±5 Reservation Packet (RP) 237±8 Resource Management (RM) cells 239 Satellite systems 4, 27±8 HNS Terminal Earth Station Quantum system 28 Secure transmission 7 Signal delay 37±9 Signal spectrum characteristics DML signal power 212 FDM/FM signal power 210±12 SSDS-CDMA signal power 212±13 Signal-To-Noise Ratio (SNR) 81, 181, 184, 186, 187, 188 Signal-To-Quantization Noise Ratio (SQNR) 81, 86, 94±5 SOHO (home office) 101±2 Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) 57, 71 Spatial signatures 71 Spectral efficiency 169 Spreading gain 146 Standing waves 46 Steering vector 71 Street orientation angle 47±8 Subscriber units 37 Sylvester construction technique 104 Tadiran Multigain system 22±3 Teledensity, international 142 Telephone service tariff structures 142 Television broadcasts 23 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 15, 25, 70, 103 compared to CDMA 31±3, 158±60 packed switched traffic model 174±6 traffic considerations 143±4 Time-Division Duplex (TDD) 17, 18, 193 Total Access Communications System (TACS) 196 Traffic considerations 141 CDMA capacity analysis 145 analytical results 154±8 multiclass services 148±54 single-class services 146±8 traffic model 145±6 comparison between CDMA and TDMA 158±60 multiple access technologies 143 CDMA 144, 145 interference (MAI) 144±5 TDMA 143±4 networks 142±3 volume 7 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 235 Trellis Coded Quantization (TCQ)/Modulation (TCM) 81 AWGN channels 94±5 basic model 88±95 channel model 88±93 codebook size 85, 86±7 codewords 83 combined system 87 encoding/decoding 82±3 example four-state structure 95±9 fundamentals 81±3 general aspects 83±7 system model 93±5 Tri-Mode Modulation (TMM) 24 Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) 4 Universal Service Obligation (USO) 9 Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) 198 Uplink phase 168 Vector Sum Excited Linear Predictor (VSELP) 15, 67 Video On Demand (VOD) services 4, 23, 143 Viterbi algorithm 83, 94 Wide-Band Code Division Modulation (W-CDMA) 103, 104, 199±200, 278±9 code selection and generation 104±6 infostation receivers 107±8 infostation transmitters 106±7 noise analysis and processing gain 110±12 simplified signal processing 108±10 Wide-Sense Stationary Consisting Of Uniform Scatters (WSS-US) 116 Wireless Local Loops (WLL) advantages 5±6, 88, 101, 192, 194±5 architecture 9±14 capacity 6, 7 capacity enhancement 57 performance results 76±7 simulation description 75 CDMA versus TDMA 31±3 288 Index
combined TCQ/TCM system 88±95 comparison of services 29±30, 279±80 costs 5±6, 101±2 coverage 5, 7 current systems 276±80 definition 57±60 deployment 5, 62±3, 194, 262 adaptive array at base station 72±3 antenna array at user station 73±5 conventional configuration 72 omnidirectional antennas at user premises 73, 74 disadvantages 196 first generation technologies 63±9 fixed versus mobile cellular systems 30±1 frequencies 192±3 multiple access techniques 70±5 necessity for 3±5, 57±9, 192 network market 142±3 operational characteristics 60 reference model 60±1 requirements 6±9, 59 service attributes 59±60 services 195 system configuration 36±7 system parameters 218 system technologies 14±28, 196 analogue cellular 196±7 DECT 198 digital cellular 197 IMT-2000 198±9 multiple access 199 PCS 197±8 W-CDMA 199±200 Yee cell 90 Index 289
Part I Theoretical Aspects Wireless Local Loops: Theory and Applications, Peter Stavroulakis Copyright # 2001 John Wiley Sons Ltd ISBNs: 0±471±49846±7 (Hardback); 0±470±84187±7 (Electronic)
1 Introduction to WLL: Digital Service Technologies Ioannis S. Barbounakis and Peter Stavroulakis 1.1 Background During the last few years, the telecommunications sector has progressed remarkably thanks to the numerous technological advances occurring in the field. The demand for communication services has also increased explosively worldwide creating or imposing tougher capacity requirements on the telecommunication infrastructure. In developing regions, this demand reflects the great need for the basic telephone services, i.e. the Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), whereas in developed regions it applies to high-rate data and multimedia services at home and/or office. In addition to these recently established conditions, the liberalization of the telecommunication sector, taking place in our days, has unexceptionably driven innovation on the telecommunication infrastructure. It is only the local loop segment that has left unchanged despite all these technological innovations. Lately, however, it has attracted the attention of telecommunication carriers since it proves to be the bottleneck in their network expansion. Consequently, more efficient transmission techniques (ISDN, DSL) improving the capacity of the copper wires or alternative physical media such as fibre, coaxial cable and wireless terrestrial or satellite links have started to be deployed more and more. It is not only the rapid penetration, which is necessary in developing regions, but also the need for higher capacity in developed regions that have made other physical media apart from our common copper wiring viable solutions in the local loop arena. Today's copper wiring is mostly limited to a maximum distance of 5 km between the subscriber and the local exchange, with the average being in the region of 2 km. This class of transmission channels is sufficient in providing POTS and data through voice-band modems. Moreover, it has reached its upper limits and only thanks to digital techniques such as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), it keeps a high competitiveness. ISDN has been the first digital transmission technology to work over existing copper lines offering voice, data and low-resolution video simultan- eously. DSL technology has followed offering data and voice integration with a higher efficiency than ISDN but at the cost of farther limitations. DSL lines must be clean copper from the local exchange to the customer premises. The service also degrades dramatically as the distance from the local exchange increases, limiting bandwidth avail- able to customers or preventing access to more rural users. Asymmetric DSL is the 3 Wireless Local Loops: Theory and Applications, Peter Stavroulakis Copyright # 2001 John Wiley Sons Ltd ISBNs: 0±471±49846±7 (Hardback); 0±470±84187±7 (Electronic)
technology favoured by many operators or Internet Service and Multimedia Content Pro- viders. Downstream speeds typically are much faster than the upstream speeds. Symmetric DSL is more popular with local exchange carriers (LECs), which locally compete with incumbent operators for customers. Connection speeds are the same in both directions. Optical fibre has been utilized in the trunk network as a more efficient and cost- effective solution for many years now. In many countries it has also replaced copper in the distribution network. However, when considering the local loop the undertaking becomes too risky mainly due to the high cost involved in such a large-scale deployment. Cable television has become a reality to many people worldwide for more than 20 years now. When the customer base grew up to a significant level, cable operators thought of providing telephony services through a new type of bidirectional cable modem. Although the coaxial cable is a high-bandwidth channel, the fact that only selected areas of the world and selected populations within these areas would be interested in services other than CATV make this medium cost-ineffective for a local loop option. Another solution, which adopts radio as the transmission medium, in the local loop is the wireless local loop (WLL). WLL is often called the radio local loop (RLL) or the fixed wireless access (FWA). Since WLL is a kind of radio system, it is natural that its technology has been affected by wireless mobile communication technologies. In fact, as will be shown later, most WLL systems have been developed according to the standards (or their variants) for second-generation cellular and cordless systems. However, until now that third-generation cellular systems, i.e. Universal Mobile Telecommunication Sys- tems (UMTS) start to be deployed, WLL systems were at a disadvantage compared to their wireline counterparts in terms of voice quality and data rates supported. In general, almost all of cellular/cordless systems or multiple access techniques can be used for narrowband WLL. However, it is also true that there exist some technologies or systems that have comparative advantages in a certain WLL environment. Many manufacturers and TV broadcasters have been promoting the idea of deploying terrestrial microwave distribution systems mainly for television provision as broadband wireless systems. The philosophy behind such systems is to provide a reverse link as well. Services like Video on Demand and wideband Internet connections are among the first to be offered. At the assigned microwave frequencies, high propagation losses and weather effects such as heavy rain play an important role in the power budget design of the system probably making it a less favoured solution for wireless local loop access in rural and sparsely populated areas. Last but not least, there are the satellites, which support network access to all sub- scribers rather than only the fixed ones. Despite the long delays and the high equipment cost, they will play an important role in providing global network access to rural areas not available through other means or small communities with a minimum degree of mobility. In this chapter, we attempt an overview of several WLL digital service technologies, which have been developed during the last years. We classify them according to their range, capacity and air-interface specifications standardized or not. Through their pre- sentation, our aim is to conclude on what WLL is able to offer to the developing and developed world now and in the foreseeable future. Section 1.2 outlines the advantages of efficient WLL systems in developing and de- veloped regions. Section 1.3 focuses on the requirements that WLL has to meet in order to compete in the local loop arena. Section 1.4 presents a generic WLL system architecture and focuses on the technological breakthroughs in the wireless transceiver architecture on a per functional block basis. Section 1.5 describes the digital service technologies, which 4 Introduction to WLL: Digital Service Technologies
are in the phase of deployment or trial worldwide. Section 1.6 compares all WLL candidate technologies in terms of range, quality, service capability, etc. Finally, conclud- ing remarks are derived in Section 1.7. For completion purposes, two appendices are given. Appendix A clarifies the differences of cellular technologies being deployed with fixed instead of mobile subscribers. Appendix B constitutes an answer to the question `which multiple access format is more efficient: CDMA or TDMA?'. 1.2 Advantages of Wireless Systems Wireless systems are justified as a local loop solution because of the cost-effectiveness and/ or limitations of other technologies such as copper, coaxial cable and fibre. However, there has not been established any standard for WLL yet. WLL systems, which are currently deployed, are based on a wide range of radio technologies including satellite, cellular/cordless and many proprietary narrowband or broadband technologies depending on the desired subscriber density as well as on the coverage area under service (see Figure 1.1). WLL has many advantages from the viewpoints of the service providers and subscribers [1±7]: Fast Deployment WLL systems can be deployed in weeks or months as compared to the months or years needed for the deployment of copper wire systems. Faster deployment can mean sooner realization of revenues and reduced time to payback of the deployment investment. Even with higher costs per subscriber that may be associated with the WLL terminal and base station equipment, the faster rate of deployment can permit a higher return of investment. The rapid rate of deployment can also yield first-mover advantage with respect to competitive services, can accelerate the pace of regional economic growth, and can provide substantive progress in the development of needed infrastructure. Low Construction Cost The deployment of WLL technology involves considerably less heavy construction than does the laying of copper lines. The lower construction costs may be more than offset by the additional equipment costs associated with WLL technology, but in urban areas, especially, there may be considerable value in avoiding the disruption that the wide-scale deployment of copper lines entails. Subscriber Density WLL cell radius 3 km 30 km Urban Suburban Rural Cellular Cordless Satellite proprietary Narrowband LMDS Figure 1.1 WLL coverage using different technologies Advantages of Wireless Systems 5
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[215] Morales (Coleccion de Documentos, V, 478).—Salazar, cap. XXIX. [216] Morales, ubi sup. [217] Laderchii Annales, ann. 1566, n. 484.—Archivio Vaticano, Nunziatura di Spagna, T. I, carte 1. [218] Morales (Coleccion de Documentos, V, 480). [219] Menéndez Pelayo, II, 405. [220] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 144. [221] Salazar, cap. XXVIIbis, XXIX. [222] Coleccion de Documentoa, LXVIII, 460-2. [223] Salazar, cap. XXXI.—Llorente, cap. XXXIV, Art. 11, n. 1.—Adolfo de Castro, op. cit. p. 229. Catena, in his semi-official life of Pius simply says “la [causa] condusae quasi à sentenza.”—Vita del Papa Pio Quinto, p. 109 (Roma, 1587). [224] Simancas (Adolfo de Castro, p. 227). [225] Salazar, cap. XXXI.—Coleccion de Documentos, LXVIII, 465-71.— Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 1049.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 158.—Llorente, cap. XXV, n. 11, 31; cap. XXIX, Art. 1, n. 4, 6, 7.—Menéndez Pelayo, II, 406. [226] Coleccion de Documentos, LXVIII, 472, 473. [227] Coleccion de Documentos, LXVIII, 478. [228] Salazar, cap. XXXIII.—Morales (Coleccion de Doc. V, 490).—Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 976, fol. 52. [229] Salazar, cap. XXXIII.—Adolfo de Castro, p. 233. [230] Theiner, Annal. Ecclesiast. II. 244. [231] Salazar, cap. XXXIV.—Simancas (Adolfo de Castro, p. 234). [232] Salazar, cap. XXXV. [233] Coleccion de Documentos LXVIII, 479. [234] Bibl. nacional, MSS. Mm, 475. [235] Salazar, cap. ult. [236] Raynald. Annal. ann. 1560, n. 23.—Pallavicini Hist. Conc. Trident. Lib. XIV, cap. 12, n. 4. [237] Bibliotheca nova, s. v. Bartholomaus Carranza. [238] El Protestantismo comparado con el Catolicismo, II, 301, 306 (Barcelona, 1844). See also Tournon, Hommes illustres de l’Ordre de Saint Dominique, IV, 438. It should be added that Menéndez Pelayo (II, 376), after an examination of the
testimony, asserts that it was sufficient to justify the prosecution. This may be so, according to inquisitorial methods, but not the persistent persecution that followed. [239] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 68. [240] Hinojosa, Los Despachos de la Diplomacia pontificia, I, 303. [241] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 63. [242] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 91. [243] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 20, fol. 38; Lib. 52, fol. 21. [244] Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 25, fol. 66; Lib. 52, fol. 100, 125, 335. [245] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 141, 144, 150.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajos 418, 419, 1577. [246] Coleccion de los escritos mas importantes etc. de D. Manuel Abad Queipo, Obispo electo de Mechoacan, Mexico, 1813.—I have a copy of an edict issued by him October 8, 1810, as bishop-elect, in which he alludes to two previous ones excommunicating Hidalgo and his followers. [247] Simancæ de Cath. Institt. Tit. XXV, n. 11.—Trimarchi de Confessore abutente Sacramento Pœnit., p. 172 (Genuæ, 1636).—Coleccion de Documentos tocantes á la Persecution del Obispo de Asuncion, I, ix (Madrid, 1768).—Cf. Recop. de las Indias, Lib. I, Tit. vii, ley 51. [248] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 877, fol. 266; Libro 890.—Rodrigo, Hist. verdadera, III, 492. [249] Mariana, Historia de España, Lib. XXIV, cap. xvii. [250] Eymerici Director, P. III, n. 52, 53. [251] Instrucciones de 1484, § 2 (Arguello, fol. 3). [252] Instructiones de 1500, § 12 (Arguello, fol. 13). [253] La Mantia, L’Inquisizione in Sicilia, p. 26. [254] Pragmáticas y altres Drets de Cathalunya, Lib. I, Tit. viii, cap. 1. [255] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 933. [256] Ibidem, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 43. [257] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 148. See also Llorente, Hist. crít. Append., XI. [258] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 498; Inquisicion de Valencia, Lib. VII de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 61. [259] Ibidem, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 251. [260] MSS. Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, Tomo IV, n. 44.—Cf. Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1475, fol. 52; Leg. 1478, fol. 106.
[261] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 79; S, 294, fol. 21, 74.—MSS. Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, Tomo IV, n. 43.— Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Lib. VII de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 64; Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 251. [262] Sayri Clavis Regia Sacerdotum, Lib. XII, cap. xiv, n. 32-34. [263] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 939, fol. 84, 140; Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 272. [264] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 4,— Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 309, Cuentas, fol. 3; Leg. 299. [265] Bordoni Sacrum Tribunal, cap. XXX, 481, 506-10 (Romæ, 1648). [266] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 89. [267] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 329; Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 110. [268] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 261, n. 69. [269] MSS. of White Library, Cornell University, n. 616, fol. 60, 61. [270] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 10, fol. 92; Leg. 16, n. 6, fol. 41; Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 21.—Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 2843. [271] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 4. [272] Proceso contra Hansz Brunsvi (MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. III). [273] Ibidem, Yc, 20, Tom. I. [274] MSS. of Am. Philos. Society. [275] Proceso contra Don Thomas Sans (MS. penes me). [276] Valladares, Semanario erudito, XXIV, 194-204. [277] Pulgar, Chronica, P. II, cap. lxxvii. [278] Of course the price for these varied according to circumstances. A contemporary document (Summaria Declaratio Bullæ Indulgentiarum Ecclesiæ Xanctonensi concessarum, 1482) tells us that the price in Rome for those in the ordinary form was nearly three florins. In Germany, early in the sixteenth century, the Beichtbriefe were sold at a quarter of a gulden apiece (Gröne, Tetzel und Luther, p. 196). [279] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 1. In this case the papal letters appointed special persons to act under it as executors —the form known as Absolutio in vim commissionis apostolicæ.—See Formularium Instrumentorum ad usum curie Romane, fol. 2, 3 (Hain, 7276). [280] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 185, n. 820.
[281] Sixti PP. IV, Bull. Quoniam nonnulli, §§ 4, 6.—Julii PP. III, Bull. Rationi congruit (Bullar. Roman. I, 428, 786). When, in 1562, Pius IV reformed the Penitentiary he confined letters of absolution to the forum of conscience.—Bull. In sublimi (Bullar. II, 75). [282] Collectio Decretorum Sacræ Congregationis Sti Officii, p. 245 (MS. penes me). [283] Llorente, Hist. crít., Append. n. 3.—Páramo, p. 137.—Boletin, XV, 472, 474. [284] Printed by Llorente, Append. n. 4. That this was procured, and of course paid for, by the Conversos is evident from the fact that the original was presented, January 4, 1484, to Garcia de Meneses, Bishop of Evora in Portugal, by Juan de Sevilla, who asked, as it provided that full faith should be given to all notarial transcripts, authenticated by the seal of a bishop, that he would authorize the notary, Nuñez Lorenzo, to make transcripts and attach the seal, to which the bishop assented.— Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 20. Thus the bull was brought to Spain by the Conversos; copies were needed and either they dared not trust the original to any Spanish bishop, or could find none who ventured to assist in its multiplication; it was therefore carried to Portugal, where the bishops were under no constraint. [285] Boletin, XV, 489.—Llorente, Hist. crít. cap. V, Art. iv, n. 20. [286] Archivio Vaticano, Sisto IV, Registro 677, Tom. XVIII, fol. 498. [287] Pulgar, Chronica, III, xxxviii. [288] See Vol. I, Appendix, p. 572. [289] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 33 [290] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 45.—Páramo, p. 137. [291] Informe de Quesada (Bibl. nacional, MSS., Tj, 28). [292] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 8.—Cf. Somoza de Salgado de Retentione Bullarum, P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 85, 86. [293] Boletin, XV, 579.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 260. [294] Boletin, XV, 581. [295] Somoza, loc. cit., n. 127.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 94.— Archivio Vaticano, Innoc. VIII, Regist. 686, fol. 103. (See Appendix). [296] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago. Lib. I, fol. 44.—Archive de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 274.—Llorente, Añales, I, 146. [297] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisition, Lib. I. [298] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 46. [299] Somoza, op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 85, 86. [300] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 22.
[301] Boletin, XV, 572. [302] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1; Lib. 939, fol. 114. [303] Boletin, XV, 597. [304] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 15.— Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 95.—Burchardi Diarium (Ed. Thuasne, II, 491).—Villari, Niccolò Machiavelli, I, 249, 279 (Milano, 1895). [305] Llorente, Hist. crít., Appendix VII.—Nueva Recop. Lib. VIII, Tit. ii, ley 2. [306] Yet licence to return could doubtless often be had for a consideration. Compromises and commutations, as we shall see, were a recognized source of revenue and a document of this period contains an offer, from certain parties who had been absolved in Rome, of seven thousand ducats and some houses, for permission to reside in Spain and present themselves to the Inquisition for salutary penance.— Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inquisition, Leg. único, fol. 5. [307] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 1. [308] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 47; Lib. 3, fol. 32.—Archivo da Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933. [309] Bibl. nacional, MSS., X, 157, fol. 244; D, 118, fol. 39, 41, 104. [310] Gachard, Voyages des Souverains des Pays-Bas, I, 548. [311] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 13, 15. [312] Bulario, Lib. I, fol. 50. [313] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 104. [314] Somoza, op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 50. [315] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 7.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 296. Somoza (op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 40) prints this with the date of March 17, 1510—probably a reissue. [316] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 71, 75, 77. [317] Döllinger, Beiträge zur politischen, kirchlichen u. Cultur-geschichte, T. III, p. 204.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 2, fol. 8. [318] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias fol. 50. [319] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1465, fol. 28. [320] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 3, fol. 133. [321] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 149, 274. [322] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. II, fol. 19, 21.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 72, fol. 61; Lib. 74, fol. 56, 62. [323] Llorente, Añales, II, 106.
[324] Somoza, P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 85, 86. [325] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 9, fol. 15. [326] Ibidem, Lib. 9, fol. 16. [327] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 59. [328] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 55-58.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 2, fol. 31, 104.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 14, fol. 17, 18.—Llorente, Hist. crít. cap. XI, Art. v, n. 9. [329] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 23. [330] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 104. [331] Llorente, Añales, II, 181, 208, 227.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 4, fol. 9; Lib. 9, fol. 14; Leg. 1465, fol. 28.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 54, fol. 104; fol. 177.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 196. [332] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 54, fol. 8, 104, 177.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 14, fol. 55-7.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 65, 68, 72.—Llorente, Añales, II, 207, 216, 243. [333] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 104. [334] Ibidem, fol. 39, n. 17. [335] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 26, 74, 81, 83, 85.— Páramo, p. 607. [336] Somoza, op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 41.—Llorente, Añales, II, 334, 335. [337] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III de copias, fol. 133. [338] Böhmer, Francisca Hernández und Francisco Ortiz, pp. 174-5 (Leipzig, 1865). [339] Llorente, Hist. crít. cap. XIV, Art. ii, n. 4-10. [340] Somoza, op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 87. [341] Juan de Zuñiga, the ambassador at Rome, states that when, in 1572, the commission of Pedro Ponce de Leon as inquisitor-general was drafted, Gregory XIII had strong desire to limit his faculties so as to make the Spanish Inquisition subordinate to the Roman Congregation and that it required infinite labor to obtain it in the customary form. Possibly the case of Carranza may have suggested the innovation.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 77. [342] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 13, fol. 21. [343] Ibidem, Lib. 79, fol. 99.—Somoza, P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 112. [344] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 32, 35, 39; Libro IV, fol. 2.
[345] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 214 fol. [346] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 55, fol. 175. [347] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 171.— Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 12, fol. 442.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 77, 81, 83, 87; Lib. III, fol. 442.—Theiner, Annal. Ecclesiast. III, 361-2. [348] Hinojosa, Despachos de la Diplomacia Pontificia, I, 252-4, 358. [349] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1465, fol. 28. [350] Somoza, op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 138.—MSS. Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Expediente 5270. [351] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. I. [352] Zurita, Añales de Aragon, Lib. XX, cap. xlix.—Páramo, p. 151. [353] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 285. [354] Ibidem, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 139. [355] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 25, fol. 56; Lib. 52, fol. 186; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 102.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 51, 52. [356] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 145. [357] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 23. For much of the earlier history of this case I am indebted to a MS. “Relacion sumaria de la causa que a seguido en el santo oficio de la Inquisicion del Reyno de Toledo contra Don Gerónimo de Villanueva” in the Simancas archives, Lib. 53, fol. 250-98. It bears no date but seems to have been drawn up, in 1647, as an official justification of the sentence, and presents the subject from the standpoint of the prosecution. It will be referred to as “Relacion.” The other side of the story of the convent of San Placido is given in the appeal of Doña Teresa for a reversal of her sentence. Several copies of this have been preserved. The one I have used is in the Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 387. Fuller details of this curious conventual episode will be found in my “Chapters from the Religious History of Spain,” pp. 309-18. [358] Two copies of the sentence of Calderon are in the Bodleian Library, Arch. Seld. 130 and A. Subt. 11. It has also been printed by Eyssenhardt, Mittheilungen aus der Stadtbibliothek zu Hamburg, 1886. A short account of the auto de fe of 1630 will be found in the Appendix to “Chapters from the Religious History of Spain.” [359] Relacion, fol. 258, 297. [360] Relacion, fol. 259-60, 290.
[361] Ibidem, fol. 261-7.—“Que por lo que tocava á Don Gerónimo no tocava al santo oficio el proceder en esta causa, por no tener calidad de oficio lo contra el testificado.” [362] Relacion, fol. 267-8.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 387.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Lib. VII de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 27. [363] Pii PP. V, Bull. Inter multiplices (Lib. V, in Septimo, ii, 10). [364] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 156-60. [365] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisition, Lib. 53, fol. 54, 60. [366] Relacion, fol. 291.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 53, fol. 81; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 135, 137, 171, 188. [367] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 53, fol. 53, 55, 60-2.—Relacion, fol. 268-9. [368] Relacion, fol. 270-89. [369] Relacion, fol. 289.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 53, fol. 63-4.— Pellicer, Avisos históricos (Semanario erúdito, XXXIII, 225). [370] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 53, fol. 64; Lib. 54, fol. 411.— Pellicer (Semanario, XXXIII, 231, 250). [371] Relacion, fol. 290, 291.—Cartas de Jesuitas (Memorial hist. español, XVIII, 39).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 53, fol. 86, 92, 104. [372] Relacion, fol. 292. [373] Relacion, loc. cit.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 54, fol. 409.— Cartas de Jesuitas (Memorial hist. español, XVIII, 473). [374] Relacion, fol. 293.—Cartas de Jesuitas (Memorial, XIX, 5). [375] Relacion, fol. 293.—Martin. PP. V Bull Inter cunctas, 22 Feb. 1418 (Pegnæ Append, ad Eymeric., p. 76).—Cartas de Jesuitas (XIX, 5-7). [376] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1495, fol. 73. [377] Ibidem, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 111, 131, 132.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., X, 157, fol. 244. [378] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 128; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 112. 114. [379] Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 291, fol. 214. [380] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 115. [381] Ibidem, fol. 116. [382] Ibidem, fol. 118, 122, 130, 131, 132, 133, 151. [383] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 416. [384] Ibidem, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 154, 171.
[385] Ibidem, Leg. 621, fol. 134, 135. [386] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 136, 184. [387] Ibidem, fol. 139. [388] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Leg. 621, fol. 154, 197. [389] Ibidem, fol. 164, 141, 171. [390] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 155. [391] Ibidem, fol. 164-8, 181. [392] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 171. [393] Ibidem, fol. 170: Libro 54, fol. 330, 332. [394] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 172, 173, 175, 176; Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 20, 342, 378. [395] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 54, fol. 1, 6, 20, 26, 29, 31, 35. [396] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 54, fol. 31; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 184. [397] Ibidem, Lib. 54, fol. 44, 54, 80.—Salazar, Inventaire general des Royaumes d’Espagne, fol. 142 (Paris, 1612). [398] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 44. [399] Ibidem, Lib. 54, fol. 40; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 186, 187. [400] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 61, 69, 78. [401] Ibidem, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 84, 94. Cf. fol. 294. [402] Ibidem, fol. 100, 116, 120; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 110. For the intrigues connected with the Barbarino marriage see the virulent pamphlet of Gualdi [Gregorio Leti] “Vita di Donna Olimpia Maldachini” pp. 185, 199. Cosmopoli [Leyden], 1666. [403] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 128, 132, 188, 292. [404] Ibidem, Legajo 1465, fol. 73; Libro 54, fol. 230, 292, 330, 332.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 71. [405] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 25, fol. 103; Lib. 52, fol. 125. [406] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 52, fol. 335. [407] Revista crítica de Historia y Literatura, Jan.-Mar., 1900.—Memorial del Doctor Don Luis Belluga, Murcia, 1709. [408] MSS. of Trinity College, Dublin, Class 3, Vol. 27. [409] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1465, fol. 17.
[410] Concil. Plenar. Americæ Latinæ, Tit. I, cap. viii, n. 65, 66, 72 (T. I, pp. 37, 40. Romaæ, 1900). [411] Potthast, Regesta, No. 23,302. [412] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 118, 137.—Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Legajo 629. [413] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 72, fol. 45, 49, 80, 81, 103. [414] Ibidem, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Legajo 621, fol. 63.—Cf. Eymerici Director. P. III, Q. vi.—Simancæ de Cath. Institt. Tit. XXXIV, § 14. [415] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 50, fol. 82.—Ibidem, Sala 39, Leg. 4, fol. 57. [416] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol. 30; Leg. 16, n. 6, fol. 33; no. 9, fol. 17, 26. [417] Arguello, fol. 9. [418] See Vol. I, Appendix, p. 578. [419] Arguello, fol. 22. [420] Arguello, fol. 9. In the Simancas copy of these Instructions (Lib. 933) it is one of the inquisitors, or the assessor, to whom the duty was assigned. [421] Ibidem, fol. 13. [422] Arguello, fol. 16, 20, 23. [423] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933, p. 89. [424] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 219. [425] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 72, fol. 49. [426] Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 3137. [427] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 9, fol. 68; Lib. 72, fol. 45. During the separation of the Inquisitions each of course had its Suprema, and even after their union under Adrian the particularist tendencies of the kingdoms kept up for some time distinct organizations. Adrian continued to sign as inquisitor-general for Aragon in all business under that crown (Archivo de Simancas, Libro 940, fol. 190). The two councils continued to keep their organizations complete, except that one relator served for both (Ibidem, fol. 188, 191; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 98). Even as late as 1540 we have seen that payments for Aragon required special powers from the king (Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 107). To the last there were two secretaries, one for Castile and one for Aragon (Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 65-7). [428] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 53. [429] Ibidem, Lib. 5, fol. 21.
[430] Salazar y Mendoza, Crónica del Cardenal Juan Tavera, p. 217 (Toledo, 1603). [431] Páramo, p. 150. [432] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 31, fol. 34. [433] Ibidem, Gracia y Justicia, Legajo 624, fol. 181. [434] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Registro de Genealogias, n. 916, fol. 66.
[435] Ibidem, Lib. 5, fol. 29; Lib. 73, fol. 52, 100, 115, 142, 143, 144, 182, 193, 240, 315; Lib. 74, fol. 116. [436] Ibidem, Lib. 76, fol. 227, 235. [437] Ibidem, Libro 939, fol. 136; Sala 40, Libro 4, fol. 104, 115. [438] Arguello, fol. 27. [439] Cabrera, Relaciones, Append. p. 571. [440] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 31, fol. 34. [441] Libro XIII de Cartas (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [442] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4. Under Rocaberti, in 1696, there is still another formula “El exmo señor inquisidor-general con consulta de los señores del consejo.”—Ibidem, fol. 194. [443] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 136.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 320. [444] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10).—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 341. [445] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Pp. 28, §§ 58-88. [446] Tomás Sanchez, the supreme Spanish theologian, says “Licitum quoque est interrogare, non deprecative sed coactive, aliquam veritatem ad peculiariam Dei gloriam et astantium utilitatem quando adjurans prudenter judicaverit id expedire.... Ex levitate tamen et curiositate quadam res vanas et inutiles interrogare dæmonem in energumeno existentem est veniale propter actus imperfectionem.”—In Præcepta Decalogi Lib. II, cap. xlii, n. 24, 25. The offence of Villanueva consisted in enquiring about the future and believing the responses of the demons. This was divination, which infers denial of free-will and is therefore forbidden as heretical. This is well defined in the Edict of Faith of 1696, which restricts the offence to enquiries as to the future—“O si sabeis ... que alguna ó algunas personas ayan preguntado en los cuerpos endemoniados ó los espiritados ó lunáticos cosas por venir ocultas, preguntandolas á los demonios.” [447] S. Th. Aquinat. Summæ Sec. Sec. Q. XCV, Art. iv ad 1. “Aliud autem est inquirere aliquid a dæmone sponte occurrente; quod quandoque licet propter utilitatem aliorum, maxime quando divina virtute potest compelli ad vera dicenda.” [448] MSS. Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 225, Expediente 5278. [449] For most of the details of this case we are indebted to an anonymous memoir, evidently written by Folch de Cardona. It was largely circulated in MS. and finally was printed by Valladares, in 1788, under the title “Proceso criminal fulminado contra el Rmo P. M. Fray Froilan Díaz” and was followed by another
volume of the same date “Criticos Documentos que sirven como de segunda parte al Proceso criminal etc.” Consultas by Cardona, in the name of the Suprema, are in the Bibl. national MSS., G, 61; D, 118. A review of the case from the Roman standpoint is in the library of Trinity College, Dublin, Class 3, Vol. 27. The decree of Nov. 3, 1704, is also in Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1465, fol. 74. [450] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 123, 134; Leg. 13, n. 2, fol. 13, 17, 54. [451] MSS. Trinity College, Dublin, loc. cit. [452] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. 5, fol. 137. [453] Bibl. nacional, MSS., G, 61, fol. 208. [454] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933, fol. 136. [455] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 936. [456] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 105. [457] Ibidem, Lib. 1; Lib. 933. [458] Ibidem, Lib. 78, fol. 114. [459] Ibidem, Lib. 78, fol. 235, 275. [460] MS. penes me. [461] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 191; Lib. 98, fol. 144. [462] Arguello, fol. 36. [463] Archivo de Simancas, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 20. [464] Ibidem, Libro 939, fol. 121. [465] MSS. of Library of University of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I. [466] Proceso contra Mari Vaez (MS. penes me). [467] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. VIII. [468] Ibidem, Yc, 20, T. III. [469] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1157, fol. 153-55. [470] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 81, fol. 27. [471] MSS. of the Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 252.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 8, n. 2, fol. 533, 547, 553, 667; Leg. 9, n. 2. fol. 234; Leg. 12, n. 2, fol. 126; Leg. 11, n. 1, fol. 247, 278.—Archivo d Sala 39, Leg. 4, fol. 23.—Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 266, 274-5 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society).e Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442, Lib. 6, Lib. 10.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, [472] MSS. of the Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 185
[473] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 18.— Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 559. [474] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 240, fol. 340. [475] Ibidem, Leg. 522. [476] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 34. [477] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 552, fol. 52. [478] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 580. [479] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 105. [480] Ibidem, fol. 89. [481] Ibidem, fol. 105.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 242. [482] Instrucciones Nuevas, § 5 (Arguello, fol. 28). [483] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, loc. cit. [484] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Pp. 28. [485] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Mm, 130. [486] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 890. [487] Ibidem. [488] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 552. [489] Proceso contra Margarita Altamira, fol. 198-99 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [490] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 890. [491] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 219. [492] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Lib. 621, fol. 165. [493] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 5, fol. 24. [494] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 99. [495] Ibidem, Lib. 77, fol. 354. [496] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 105. [497] Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 3137. [498] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 79, fol. 173. [499] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 135. [500] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 225, 313. [501] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 227; Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 20. [502] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 212. [503] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 7, 8, 9, 13, 19, 276, 277, 278; n. 3, fol. 142, 253, 259, 320, 323, 324, 332; Leg. 17, n. 10, fol. 47,
81, 99.—Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 11 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Soc.). [504] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 132.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 165, 166. [505] Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 84, 89, 114 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [506] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib 890; Lib. 4352. [507] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 5, fol. 15, 21. [508] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 397, 446; Lib. 940, fol. 84; Lib. 5, fol. 6, 16, 21. Cf. Lib. 9, fol. 27, 66, 192. For the settlement in 1502, see Lib. 2, fol. 35. [509] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 73, fol. 106, 107. [510] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 107, 110, 113, 114, 115, 118, 137, 139, etc.— Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Lib. VII de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 327; Ibidem, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 164. [511] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 184. [512] Ibidem, fol. 124, 226; Lib. 940, fol. 41, 43, 184. [513] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 177, 238; Leg. 14, n. 2, fol. 41. [514] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 940, fol. 43, 44. [515] Ibidem, Lib. 559. [516] Ibidem, Lib. 9, fol. 8. [517] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 78, fol. 192; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 169, 239. As a contribution to the life of one to whom all Spanish students owe a debt of gratitude, I print Zurita’s petition in the Appendix. He was probably well paid for his services; in 1542 there is an order on the receiver of Aragon to pay him an ayuda de costa, or gratuity, of 600 ducats (Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 42). There was a secretary of the Suprema, in 1519, named Gerónimo Zurita— probably an uncle of the historian (Arch. hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 371). [518] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 5, fol. 6, 16, 21. [519] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 150, p. 224. [520] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 30, fol. 647, 653. [521] Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 940, fol. 205. [522] Ibidem, Lib. 31, fol. 637.—These royal perquisites were quietly left unpaid until, in 1640, Philip in his distress suddenly remembered them and ordered the receiver to render a statement of the amount due to him, until the settlement of which no other payments were to be made. To this the Suprema replied that orders had been
given for its immediate settlement. This was more easily said than done, for three months later it represented that it had responded liberally to his demands; it had paid 35,000 reales of the arrearages and hoped to increase the amount to 40,000 and begged to be forgiven the balance, but the king was obdurate.—Ibidem, Lib. 21, fol. 223, 231. The crown continued to share in these perquisites. In 1670, an order for paying luminarias on the accession of Clement IX, is headed by Carlos II for the amount of 114,240 mrs.—Ibidem, Leg. 1476, fol. 7. [523] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1480, fol. 1. [524] Ibidem, Lib. 21, fol. 252. [525] Ibidem, Leg. 1480, fol. 1, 10, 16. [526] Ibidem, Leg. 1476, fol. 7. [527] Ibidem, Leg. 1475, fol. 1, 2, 4, 19. [528] Ibidem, Leg. 1477, fol. 154. [529] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1477, fol. 45. [530] The vellon payments were 1940 reales for erecting the staging and 100 for stretching the awning. The items in silver were For the companies of players 516 reales. the authors of the autos 500 “ the keepers of the wardrobe 16 “ the dancers 48 “ three coaches for the players 24 “ Juan Rana 32 “ three alguaziles 32 “ Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1475, fol. 52. In 1665, to reduce expenses, Philip IV ordered that these autos should not be performed separately before each royal council, but collectively before them all in the plaza.—Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [531] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1477, fol. 95, 100. The items of the account are:— Rs.Mrs. 95 lbs. Genoese sweetmeats @ 10½ Rs. vellon 1008 32 Talavera dishes @ 5 cuartos 18 28 4 Baskets @ 7½ Rs. 30 6 Trays @ 2 12 4 Padlocks for the baskets @ 2½ 10 32 Glasses @ 9 cuartos 33 30 6 Venetian glasses for the members of the Council 34
2 Talavera plates 10 4 Double urinals with their covers @ 3 Rs. 12 30 lbs. of ordinary sweetmeats and biscuits for the attendants @ 5 Rs. 150 Porters to carry the sweetmeats to the houses of the officials and the utensils to Buen Retiro 15 Beverages:— 20 Azumbres (about 10 gallons) of lemonade Rs. Mrs. 10 lbs. of loaf sugar @3 Rs. 30 Lemons 6 1 oz. of scented lozenges 4 20 Azumbres of cinnamon water 15 lbs. of sugar 45 ½ lb. of cinnamon 20 Charcoal to boil it 5 1 oz. of scented lozenges 4 20 Azumbres of cherry water 15 lbs. of sugar 45 18 lbs. of cherries @ 6 cuartos 13 1 oz. of scented lozenges 4 10 Arrobas (250 lbs.) of snow for all the beverages @ 9 Rs. 90 1 “ sent from Retiro to keep the jars from melting 9 Rent of 14 garrafas (jars with ice-pails) @ 3½ Rs. 49 Cost of one of them broken 12 Rent of 3 small ones for the Council 3 3 pecks of salt to freeze the beverages @ 22 cuartos 10 17 2 porters for the snow and cooling-jars 10 8 do. to take them to Retiro and return 24 Labor of the official who renders the account 50 ————433 17 Ornamenting and furnishing the staging 300 2067 7 Apparently the utensils were a perquisite of the attendants as they seem to be furnished anew on each occasion. [532] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1477, fol. 106. [533] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122 (Modo de procesar, fol. 10-12); Ibidem, D, 150, fol. 1.—Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 9). [534] J. T. Medina, La Inquisicion en Cartagena, p. 266 (Santiago de Chile, 1899).
[535] MSS. of Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 225, Expediente 5278. [536] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 31, fol. 637. [537] Ibidem, Lib. 21, fol. 231.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 150, p. 224. [538] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 240, fol. 360; Lib. 559.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 180.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 16, n. 9, fol. 7. [539] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Libro 10). This statement shows Reales.Mrs. Salaries of Suprema 337,274 28 The three larger propinas 157,290 The five smaller do. 73,836 32 Tablados (bull-fights) 21,000 Houses for officials 65,156 Nine luminaries 50,618 5 Salaries of Madrid tribunal 24,258 12 Maintenance of poor prisoners (estimated) 3,000 Sundry expenses of Suprema 30,000 Ayudas de costa and gratuities 8,000 To assist tribunal of Toledo and others 50,000 Taxes and incumbrances on property 17,500 837,934 9 [540] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1286, fol. 20; Leg. 1478, fol. 1-41, 61-87. [541] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 9, fol. 20; Leg. 17, n. 4, fol. 7; Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 173-258. [542] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [543] Llorente, Añales, I. 282. [544] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Registro 3684, fol. 68. [545] Such details as I have met with in regard to the establishment and discontinuance of the various tribunals will be found in the Appendix to Vol. I. [546] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [547] Ibidem. [548] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 447; Lib. 4, fol. 6; Lib. 5, fol. 19; Lib. 9, fol. 65. [549] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 395, 447. [550] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 216, 454, 455; Lib. 9, fol. 23, 34.
[551] Ibidem, Leg. 1465, fol. 105. [552] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933; Lib. 75, fol. 25. [553] Ibidem, Legajo 787; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 220.—Lib. XIII de Cartas (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [554] Cabrera, Relaciones, p. 489. [555] Modo de Proceder, fol. 46 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [556] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 572. Cf. Arguello, fol. 21. [557] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 87, 92, 95. [558] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [559] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 568. [560] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 92, 94. [561] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Cartas de los Reyes Católicos, Leg. 2. [562] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 408. [563] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 102. [564] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 123, 166, 215, 240, 271; Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 29, 30, 33, 76. [565] MSS. of Library of University of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. 17.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 33, fol. 846, 847, 851; Lib. 35, fol. 509, 567. [566] Fueros y Actos de Corte, pp. 10-11 (Zaragoza, 1647). [567] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 67, fol. 155. [568] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 273. [569] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 35, fol. 106. [570] Ibidem, Leg. 1465, fol. 23. [571] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, p. 1, fol. 530, 533, 539, 547, 558, 560, 568; n. 2, fol. 210.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion de Corte, Leg. 359, fol. 3; Ibidem, Inquisicion, Lib. 21, fol. 162, 317. [572] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, No. 213, fol., pp. 114, 224. [573] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 50, fol. 82; Lib. 22, fol. 10; Leg. 1465, fol. 76.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, No. 213, fol., p. 114. [574] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 137. [575] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 35, fol. 249. [576] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 3, n. 7, fol. 40; Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 137; Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 243.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 146.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 300-1.
[577] MSS. Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 225, Expediente 5278. [578] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 5, fol. 69; n. 6, fol. 23. [579] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10); Estado, Leg. 2843.— Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 155; Leg. 12, n. 2, fol. 128; Leg. 13, n. 2, fol. 180; Leg. 14, n. 1, fol. 133; n. 2, fol. 77. [580] Censo español en el año de 1787 (Madrid, Imprenta Real). [581] Proceso contra Rosa Conejos (MS. penes me). [582] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol. 31; Leg. 16, n. 6, fol. 34; n. 9, fol. 18; Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 4. [583] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 166, 260; Leg. 16, n. 9, fol. 34. [584] Instruccion que han de guardar los Comisarios. [585] As early as 1680 this is observable in the Toledo trial of Angela Pérez (MS. penes me). In 1728 it seems to be customary in Valencia (Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 390). I have even met with a case in which the commission was merely verbal (Ibidem, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 228, n. 28). [586] MSS. of Am. Philos. Society. [587] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 27, 46, 163. [588] Arguello, fol. 13. [589] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 76, fol. 394. [590] Ibidem, Inquisicion de Canarias, Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. 1, fol. 7, 844, 935-6. —Modo de Proceder, fol. 62 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [591] MSS. of Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Expediente 5270. [592] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [593] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 121, 122, 128, 148, 167. [594] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 3, n. 17, fol. 218, 225. [595] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 165, 166. [596] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 86, 99, 118, 128, 138. [597] Ibidem, Leg. 5, n. 1, fol. 100, 410, 414-17; Leg. 8, n. 1, fol. 15, 36, 39; Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 349, 357, 365; Leg. 11, n. 2, fol. 98, 99, 157, 216, 218, 296-8; Leg. 372; Leg. 383. [598] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17. [599] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [600] Archivo de Simancas, Registro de Genealogías, n. 916, fol. 74.
[601] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 270, 278. [602] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p 327. [603] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 56, n. 22. [604] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 152, 157. [605] Arguello, fol. 13. [606] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 308. [607] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 394, 395, 412. [608] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [609] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 30, 60, 80, 89, 94, 157, 162, 211.—Ibidem, Lib. 7 de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 341.—Cf. Leg. 11, n. 1, fol. 93, 198-99, 226; n. 3, fol. 167; Leg. 12, n. 1, fol. 120, 129.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 56, n. 22. [610] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 19.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 184, 201. [611] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 33. [612] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 18. [613] Instrucciones de 1498, § 15 (Arguello, fol. 13).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion de Canarias, Expedientes de Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. 1, fol. 6. [614] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 76, fol. 227; Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2, 20. [615] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 28. [616] Ibidem, Lib. 73, fol. 84, 85, 183, 188, 201; Lib. 76, fol. 415; Lib. 933. [617] Ibidem, Lib. 77, fol. 169, 256. [618] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib 82, fol. 89; Lib. 939, fol. 64, 66; Lib. 941, fol. 20. [619] Ibidem, Lib. 78, fol. 272; Lib. 79, fol. 7, 239; Lib. 939, fol. 64. [620] Ibidem, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 28. [621] Ibidem, Lib. 1. [622] Arguello, fol. 22.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 140. [623] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1; Lib. 2, fol. 25. [624] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 22, 396; Lib. 5, fol. 14. [625] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 251, 316; Lib. 933. [626] Ibidem, Lib. 9, fol. 63.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Hacienda, Leg. 10. [627] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 940, fol. 44, 69.
[628] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [629] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion de Canarias, Expedientes de Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. 1. [630] Modo de Proceder, fol. 60-1 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122).—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b fol. 301-2. [631] Proceso contra el Doctor Juan de la Camara (MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.). [632] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 36, fol. 263. [633] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 68. [634] Arguello, fol. 13.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 933.—Ibidem, Vistas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2. [635] Ibidem, Lib. 933; Lib. 942, fol. 21. [636] Modo de Proceder, fol. 62 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). (Occasionally, however, autos particulares in the audience-chamber were held with open doors.) [637] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 84, n. 30. [638] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 11, n. 3, fol. 110, 114. [639] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 552, fol. 37. [640] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 578. [641] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 137, n. 98; Leg. 138, n. 143; Leg. 150, n. 299. [642] Fueros de Aragon, fol. 133 (Zaragoza, 1624).—Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 3137. [643] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Registro 3684, fol. 92. [644] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [645] Actos de Corte del Reyno de Aragon, fol. 94 (Zaragoza, 1664).—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 102. [646] Boletin, XV, 449.—Cap. 2, Clementin. Lib. V, Tit. iii. [647] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 122. [648] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 572. [649] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 32; Lib. I de copias, fol. 5, 8.— Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 92. [650] Bulario, Lib. I, fol. 57; Lib. I de copias, fol. 11, 12. [651] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 10, 13, 15, 20, 23. [652] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 420. [653] Páramo, pp. 172, 189.
[654] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17. [655] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 200, 255. [656] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 33, fol. 852. [657] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.—Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10)—A commission appointing an inquisitor will be found in the Appendix. [658] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 131; Lib. I de copias, fol. 26, 32, 35, 39, 118. Cf. Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, n. 473; Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 33, fol. 328. [659] Bulario, Lib. IV, fol. 137; Lib. V, fol. 117, 136, 138, 151, 199, 200, 251, 264, 295.—Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Leg. 629. [660] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 5, fol. 42, 68. [661] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 68.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [662] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 111, 159, 161; Lib. 939, fol. 62.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., Pp. 28.—Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 2843. [663] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 81.—Archivo de Alcalá, ubi sup.—Bibl. nacional, ubi sup. [664] Modo de Proceder, fol. 62 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [665] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 76, fol. 91. [666] Instrucciones de 1498, §§ 1, 12; de 1500, § 12 (Arguello, fol. 12, 13, 14). [667] Instrucciones de 1561, § 73 (Arguello, fol. 37). [668] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 146. [669] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 303, 304. [670] Ibidem.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 140. [671] Modo de Proceder, fol. 49-59 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [672] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 9. [673] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 5, 8, 9, 20. [674] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 225. [675] Ibidem, Lib. 942, fol. 61. [676] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 140. [677] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 1, fol. 379, 380; n. 2, fol. 88; Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 106, 418; Leg. 8, n. 1, fol. 218, 278, 389; n. 2, fol. 101, 118, 119, 127, 160, 269, 281; n. 2, fol. 380, 631, 635; Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 47, 179, 199,
324; n. 3, fol. 207, 341, 350, 393, 420; n. 2, fol. 9, 12, 132, 139, 164, 182, 187.— Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 6, 139, 143, 217, 224, 227 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Soc.). [678] Instrucciones de 1498, § 1 (Arguello, fol. 12).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933; Lib. 939, fol. 63. [679] Ibidem, Lib. 45, fol. 210. [680] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 1, fol. 81, 110. [681] Instrucciones de 1498 (Arguello, fol. 22). [682] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [683] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 104, 111, 225. [684] Instrucciones de 1484, §§ 19, 20 (Arguello, fol. 7).—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 112, n. 74, fol. 15. [685] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 68.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 185.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 116. [686] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, loc. cit.—Bibl. nacional, loc. cit.— Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, No. 473. [687] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 271.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 184. [688] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 83. [689] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 124, n. 44. [690] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 186, 255. [691] Proceso contra Isabel de Montoya, Mexico, 1661, 1663, fol. 195, 211, 318, 328 (MS. penes me).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 890, fol. 17. [692] Matute y Luquin, Autos de fe de Córdoba, p. 135.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 112, n. 66, fol. 8.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1473. [693] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 68. [694] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 23. [695] Ibidem, Lib. 21, fol. 115.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 1.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 226. [696] Arguello, fol. 22. [697] Archivo hist. national, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 251. [698] Archivo hist. nac., Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2. fol. 33, 46, 61; Leg. 13, n. 3, fol. 42, 47.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 228. [699] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 92, 94.—Arguello, fol. 22.
[700] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 438.—Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 2843. [701] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, n. 473. [702] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 83, fol. 16, 30. [703] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, n. 437. [704] Instrucciones de 1488, § 5; de 1498 (Arguello, fol. 11, 17).—Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 96.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 2, fol. 25. [705] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1465, fol. 105.—Matute y Luquin, Autos de fe de Córdoba, p. 137.—MSS. Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, Tomo 4, n. 50, 52.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion de Corte, Leg. 351, fol. 1. [706] Instrucciones de 1488, § 9 (Arguello, fol. 10).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 2, fol. 7; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 218. [707] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 124, 129, 148.— MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 110. [708] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 309, Cuentas, fol. 1, 4. [709] Autos y Acuerdos del Consejo, fol. 52, 53 (Madrid, 1649). [710] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 238.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 228, n. 18; Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 41, 111, 115, 205, 251; n. 3, fol. 140; Leg. 3, n. 7, fol. 103. [711] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [712] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 438. [713] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 110, 111, 118, 130. [714] See Appendix. [715] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 78, fol. 56; Leg. 1480, fol. 13. [716] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [717] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 89, 92, 94. [718] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 88. [719] Ibidem, Lib. 1. [720] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 230. [721] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 80.—Archivo de Alcalá, ubi sup. [722] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 447, 450. [723] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 79.
[724] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 64. [725] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 123, 166. [726] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 12, n. 1, fol. 46, 48, 61, 108. [727] Ibidem, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 498; Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 217.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 942, fol. 64. [728] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 498. [729] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 169; Lib. 979, fol. 21, 25, 139.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., Ii, 16.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisition de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 10, n. 9, fol. 34. [730] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 146, n. 49. [731] Ibidem, D, 150, fol. 1. [732] Ibidem, Mm, 130. [733] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 410; Leg. 309, Cuentas, fol. 4; Leg. 371; Leg. 372. [734] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1479, 1480. [735] Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 20, 21, 26, 27, 28 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [736] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 578. [737] Arguello, fol. 22. [738] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1; Lib. 2, fol. 1, 15. [739] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 41, 42, 308. [740] Ibidem, fol. 397, 408, 418. [741] Ibidem, Libro 9, fol. 140, 194. [742] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 106, 107, 111, 116, 124. [743] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 227, 228, 233, 234, 237, 241, 247, 251, 253, 261, 263, 267. [744] Ibidem, Leg. 787; Leg. 552, fol. 43.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 1, fol. 41, 201, 274, 296, 407; n. 2, fol. 236, 290, 330. [745] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1478, fol. 96; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 225, 247, 265.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 8, n. 2, fol. 19; Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 190, 232.—Lib. XIII, de Cartas fol. 85, 110, 122 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [746] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 26. [747] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 575.—Arguello, fol. 16.
[748] Instrucciones de 1488, § 7 (Arguello, fol. 10). [749] Instrucciones de 1498, § 10 (Arguello, fol. 13). [750] Arguello, fol. 14. [751] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 262, n. 1; Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 299. [752] MSS. of the Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 233.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 939, fol. 137; Lib. 83, fol. 8. [753] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 197. [754] Ibidem, Lib. 933. [755] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 171, 218, 219. [756] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 292. [757] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 160; Lib. 926, fol. 287. [758] Ibidem, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2, 20. [759] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 23. [760] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 939, fol. 127. Llorente says (Hist. crít., cap. XIV, art. 3, n. 16) that, in consequence of the irregularity in the arrangement of the papers of a trial, the Suprema, March 22, 1531, ordered that care should be taken to avoid it in the future. This led the tribunals to write every act on a separate sheet and not to page them, so that matters could be introduced or taken out or altered at pleasure when submitting a case to a consulta de fe or the Suprema. He tells us that there was much of this in the prosecution of Carranza and that he had himself seen it done by order of Nubla and Cevallos, inquisitors of the Madrid tribunal. This all may be so, but the carta acordada of March 22, 1531 expressly orders that the folios shall be numbered (Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 939, fol. 137). The practice was not uniform. I have met with trials both numbered and unnumbered. [761] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 233. [762] Ibidem, p. 266. [763] Instrucciones de 1561, § 14 (Arguello, fol. 29). [764] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1002; Registro de Solicitantes, A, 7, fol. 1.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 66, 100. [765] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 940, fol. 175. [766] Cartas del Filosofo rancio, I, 316 (Madrid, 1824). [767] Parets, Sucesos de Cataluña (Mem. hist. español, XX, 19).—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 11, n. 1, fol. 168.
[768] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 136. [769] Arguello, fol. 27. [770] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 940, fol. 175, 176; Lib. 926, fol. 19. [771] Lorenzo Villanueva in “Discussion del Proyecto sobre la Inquisicion,” p. 449 (Cadiz, 1813). [772] Instrucciones de 1488, § 4 (Arguello, fol. 9). [773] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 158, n. 431, 435. [774] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 3. [775] Ibidem, fol. 420, 421. [776] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 70. [777] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 134. [778] Ibidem, fol. 208, 223, 252; Lib. 939, fol. 70.—Rojas de Hæret. P. 1, n. 434. [779] Modo de Proceder, fol. 17 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [780] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 498. [781] See Appendix. [782] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 29. [783] Ibidem, Lib. 78, fol. 168. [784] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 197. [785] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 299. [786] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2. [787] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 81. [788] Ibidem, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 20. [789] MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch. S, 130.—Actos de Corte del Reyno de Aragon, fol. 95. [790] Constitutions del Cort de 1599, cap. 26 (Barcelona, 1603).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion de Barcelona, Córtes, Leg. 17, fol. 5. [791] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 81. [792] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 172, n. 53. [793] MSS. of Library of University of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. VI.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 120.—Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 6). [794] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 150.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 8, fol. 405. [795] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Pp, 28. [796] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 170; Leg. 2, n. 18.
[797] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 559. [798] Cap. 2, Clement. Lib. V. Tit. iii. [799] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 147. [800] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 376. [801] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inq. Leg. único, fol. 38, 39. [802] Constitutions de la Cort de Monço en lany 1547 (Barcelona, 1548, fol. xxxv). [803] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 270; Lib. 926, fol. 33; Lib. 940, fol. 172; Lib. 941, fol. 12; Lib. 942, fol. 48; Leg. 1157, fol. 182.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 181. [804] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 203, 206, 208, 211. [805] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 216; Lib. 942, fol. 20, 23, 24. [806] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 172, n. 63.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 181. [807] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 20, fol. 338. [808] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 183. [809] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 9. [810] Bibl. nacional, MSS. Pp, 28.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 318b, pp. 181-8. [811] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 91, 291, 308; Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 217; Leg. 8, n. 1, fol. 1, 2, 6, 240, 241, 334, 431; n. 2, fol. 64, 209, 358; Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 5, 153; Leg. 11, n. 1, fol. 3, 4, 14, 15, 59, 121, 131; Leg. 14, n. 1, fol. 86, 87, 89, 92, 98, 103. [812] Modo de Procesar, fol. 3 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [813] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2. [814] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, fol. 182, 186. [815] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 688, fol. 45, 50, 56. [816] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5441 (Lib. 6). [817] Ibidem, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [818] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 14, fol. 62, 63. [819] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 950.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisition de Valencia, Leg. 299.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., R, 128.—Modo de Proceder, fol. 7 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [820] MSS. Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, Tomo 4, n. 46.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 498.
[821] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122, fol. 267; R, 128.—Matute y Luquin, Autos de fe de Córdoba, p. 155.—Olmo, Relacion del Auto general de la Fee, p. 19 (Madrid, 1680). [822] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 149.—Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Hispan, 79 fol. 29. [823] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 6, fol. 444. [824] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 559; Ibidem, Leg. 1473.—Cédulas etc. de Fernando VII, p. 317 (Valencia, 1814). [825] Amador de los Rios, III, 153. [826] I find this quoted textually in a memorial of Conversos to Philip IV (MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch. S, 130). No such synod is contained in the conciliar collections. [827] Taronji, Estado religioso de Mallorca, pp. 237-8 (Palma, 1877). [828] Hernando de Pulgar, Epist. XXX. [829] Archivio Vaticano, Registro 685 (Innoc. VIII).—Páramo, p. 139. [830] Ripoll Bullar. Ord. FF. Prædic. IV, 125. Cf. p. 590. [831] Instrucciones de 1488, § 11 (Arguello, fol. 10). [832] Nueva Recop., Lib. VIII, Tit. iii, leyes 3, 4.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 108. [833] Constitt. Collegii S. Ildefonsi, §§ 6, 7, 9, 36, 47, 48 (Gomesii de Rebus Gestis, Append.). [834] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 109. [835] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 115. [836] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 112, n. 74, fol. 9. [837] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 404. [838] Colmeiro, Córtes de los Antiguos Reinos, II, 165. [839] Ripoll, VII, 131, 134. [840] Caietani Opusc. T. I, Tract. xxxi, Respons. 6. [841] Burriel, Vidas de los Arzobispos de Toledo (Bibl. nacional, MSS., Ff, 194, fol. 46-8). [842] Ripoll, IV, 566. [843] Ibidem, p. 608.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 142. [844] Nueva Recop. Lib. I, Tit. vii, ley 22. [845] Juan Gómez Bravo, Catálogo de los Obispos de Córdova, pp. 431, 435, 453, 513.
[846] Burriel, op. cit. (Bibl. nacional, MSS., Ff, 194, fol. 2, 3). [847] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. I.—Cf. Aguirre, V, 495. [848] Salazar y Mendoza, Chronica de el Cardenal Don Juan Tavera, pp. 212, 214- 15 (Toledo, 1603). [849] Burriel, op. cit. (Bibl. nacional, MSS., Ff, 194, fol. 2-68). [850] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Q, 418. [851] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, p. 404. [852] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 79, fol. 8.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 119. [853] Barrantes, Aparato para la historia de Extremadura, II, 181. [854] Döllinger, Beiträge zur politischen, kirchlichen u. Cultur-Geschichte, I, 640. [855] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 172.—Nueva Recop. Lib. IV, Tit. i, ley 18, cap. 2. [856] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 154. [857] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 33. [858] Ibidem, Lib. 922, fol. 15. [859] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 170, 171, 173; Lib. 79, fol. 30. [860] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 66; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 172, 203, 208, 215. [861] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 148. [862] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 267; Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2, 20. [863] Danvila y Collado, Expulsion de los Moriscos, p. 169. [864] Archivo de Simancas, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 226. [865] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 226. [866] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 215; Lib. 939, fol. 148; Lib. 942, fol. 21. [867] Ibidem, Lib. 942, fol. 24; Lib. 939, fol. 141, 148. [868] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Canarias, Expedientes de Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. 3, fol. 11. [869] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 271. In spite of Philip’s prohibition, dispensations were not unknown. In 1615 the Suprema orders Valencia to give his commission to Don Juan Zanoguera and “que no le obstase ser descendiente de Judios.”—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 11. [870] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 339. [871] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, p. 405.
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  • 5. Wireless Local Loops Theory and Applications Wireless Local Loops: Theory and Applications, Peter Stavroulakis Copyright # 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd ISBNs: 0±471±49846±7 (Hardback); 0±470±84187±7 (Electronic)
  • 6. Wireless Local Loops Theory and Applications Edited by Peter Stavroulakis Director, Telecommunication Systems Institute Crete JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD Chichester New York Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto
  • 7. Copyright # 2001 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 1UD, England National 01243 779777 International (‡44) 1243 779777 e-mail (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on http://www.wiley.co.uk or http://www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1P 9HE, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the publication. Neither the author(s) nor John Wiley Sons Ltd accept any responsibility or liability for loss or damage occasioned to any person or property through using the material, instructions, methods or ideas contained herein, or acting or refraining from acting as a result of such use. The author(s) and Publisher expressly disclaim all implied warranties, including merchantability of fitness for any particular purpose. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley Sons, Ltd is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158±0012, USA WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Pappelallee 3, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley Sons Australia, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley Sons (Canada) Ltd, 22 Worcester Road Rexdale, Ontario, M9W 1L1, Canada John Wiley Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02±01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0471 49846 7 Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Kolam Information Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry, in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.
  • 8. Dedicated to my family Nina, Peter, Steven, Bill, Stelios who helped me go when the going seemed difficult
  • 9. Contents List of Contributors xi Preface xv Acknowledgement xvii Part I Theoretical aspects 1 1 Introduction to WLL: Digital Service Technologies 3 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Advantages of Wireless Systems 5 1.3 WLL Service Requirements 6 1.4 Generic WLL System Architecture 9 1.5 WLL System Technologies 14 1.6 Comparison of WLL Services 29 Appendix A Fixed versus Mobile Cellular Systems 30 Appendix B CDMA versus TDMA in WLL 31 References 33 2 Propagation Models for Wireless Local Loops 35 2.1 Introduction 35 2.2 WLL System Configuration 36 2.3 Delay Spread in WLL Environments 37 2.4 Components of Overall Path Loss 39 2.5 Path Loss Models 43 2.6 Comparison of Propagation Models 55 References 55 3 Wireless Local Loop Networks Capacity Enhancement by Space Division Multiple Access 57 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Background 57 3.3 Technologies for the First Generation of Wireless Local Loop 63 3.4 Multiple Access Techniques 70 3.5 Simulation Description 75 3.6 Performance Results 76 References 77
  • 10. 4 Combined Trellis Coded Quantization/Modulation over a Wireless Local Loop Environment 81 4.1 Introduction 81 4.2 Fundamentals of Trellis Coded Modulation 81 4.3 General Aspects of Combined Trellis Coded Quantization/Modulation Schemes 83 4.4 Basic Model 88 4.5 An Example: 4-State 8-Psk Combined Trellis Coded Quantization/Modulation 95 References 99 5 Low Sequency W-CDMA Codes Lead to More Economic WLL and Infostation Terminals 101 5.1 Introduction 101 5.2 Code Selection and Generation 104 5.3 Infostation Transmitter 106 5.4 Terminal Receiver 107 5.5 Simplified Signal Processing for a Low Data Rate Terminal 108 5.6 Noise Analysis and Processing Gain 110 References 112 6 Wide-band Wireless Outdoor to Indoor Local Loop Channel Models for Urban and Suburban Environments at 2 GHz 115 6.1 Introduction 115 6.2 Experimental Procedure 116 6.3 Data Processing 120 6.4 Channel Parameters 123 6.5 Channel Model 131 References 139 7 Traffic Considerations in Comparing Access Techniques for WLL 141 7.1 Introduction 141 7.2 Fixed Wireless Access Networks 142 7.3 Multiple Access Technologies 144 7.4 CDMA Capacity Analysis 146 7.5 Comparison of TDMA and CDMA Results 159 List of Abbreviations 161 References 161 8 Traffic Based Dynamic Channel Allocation Schemes for WLL 163 8.1 Introduction 163 8.2 Access on Allocation Technologies 163 8.3 FWA Network Scenarios 168 8.4 Simulation Results of DCA in FWA Networks 178 List of Abbreviations 189 References 190 viii Contents
  • 11. 9 WLL as an Interferer 191 9.1 Introduction 191 9.2 system Overview of WLL as an Interferer 194 9.3 Architecture of WLL as an Interferer 201 9.4 Problem Definition 201 9.5 Description of the Systems 202 9.6 Spectral Characteristics of Signals 210 9.7 Interference Effects Analysis 214 9.8 Study Case 217 References 228 Part II Applications 231 10 Development of a Prototype of the Broadband Radio Access Integrated Network 233 10.1 Introduction 233 10.2 System Overview 234 10.3 MAC Protocol: RS-ISMA 236 10.4 BRAIN Indoor LAN Prototype 240 References 245 11 PBX based Mobility Manager for WLL 247 11.1 Introduction 247 11.2 A Computer-controlled PBX Architecture 247 11.3 Mobility Management for PBX 248 11.4 Registration Procedures 252 11.5 Call Termination 255 11.6 Performance Issues 258 References 260 12 Remote Management and Upgrade in a Wireless Local Loop System 261 12.1 Introduction 261 12.2 Wireless Local Loop Application Overview 262 12.3 Remote Upgrade of Fixed Subscriber Units 263 12.4 Event Logging for Remote Management 266 References 270 13 Current and Future Services Using Wireless Local Loop (WLL) Systems 271 13.1 Introduction 271 13.2 WLL System Architecture 272 13.3 WLL Service Requirements 274 13.4 Services with Currently Available Systems 276 13.5 Further Considerations for Multimedia Services 280 References 281 Index 283 Contents ix
  • 12. List of Contributors B. R. Badrinath WINLAB and Computer Science Rutgers University 73 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Ioannis S. Barbounakis Telecommunications Systems Institute of Crete (T.S.I.) Iroon Polytechniou 37 str. 73133 Chania, Crete, Greece Tel: ‡30±821±28457 Fax: ‡30±821±28459 E-mail: ioannis@tsinet.gr Hans Bhatia Hughes Network Systems 11717 Exploration Lane Germantown, MD 20876, USA E-mail: bhatia@hns.com Roger Easo Aachen University of Technology Kopernikusstr. 16 D±52074 Aachen, Germany Tel: ‡49 (0)241 88 90 340 Fax: ‡49 (0)241 88 88 242 E-mail: reo@comnets.rwth-aachen.de James G. Evans WINLAB and Computer Science Rutgers University 73 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Ingo Forkel Aachen University of Technology Kopernikusstr. 16 D±52074 Aachen, Germany Tel: ‡49 (0)241 88 90 340 Fax: ‡49 (0)241 88 88 242
  • 13. Giselle M. Galvan-Tejada Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Bradford Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK John Gardiner Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Bradford Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK E-mail: j.d.gardiner@bradford.ac.uk Dongsoo Har AirTouch Cellular 2785 Mitchell Drive MS8±2, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 Tel: ‡1 510±279±6310 Fax: ‡1 510±279±6317 E-mail: dhar@nit.airtouch.com Yoshihiro Hase Yokosuka Radio Communications Research Centre Communication Research Laboratory 3±4-Hikarino-oka Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 239±0847, Japan Masugi Inoue Yokosuka Radio Communications Research Centre Communication Research Laboratory 3±4-Hikarino-oka Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 239±0847, Japan Thomas Jagodits Hughes Network Systems 11717 Exploration Lane Germantown, MD 20876, USA E-mail: tjagodits@hns.com Wha Sook Jeon Departement of Computer Engineering Seoul National University Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 151±742, Korea E-mail: jeon@ieee.org Dong Geun Jeong Departement of Electronics Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Yongin-si, Kyonggi-do, 449±791, Korea E-mail: dgjeong@ieee.org xii List of Contributors
  • 14. Yi-Bing Lin Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan E-mail: liny@csie.nctu.edu.tw Stefan Mangold Aachen University of Technology Kopernikusstr. 16 D±52074 Aachen, Germany Tel: ‡49 (0)241 88 90 340 Fax: ‡49 (0)241 88 88 242 E-mail: smd@comnets.rwth-aachen.de Ian Oppermann Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC) University of Oulu Oulu, FIN-90570, FINLAND E-mail ian.oppermann@ee.oulu.fi S. Paker Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Istanbul Technical University Maslak 80626, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: spaker@ehb.itu.edu.tr Peter Stavroulakis Telecommunications Systems Institute of Crete (T.S.I.) Iroon Polytechniou 37 str. 73133 Chania, Crete, Greece Tel: ‡30±821±28457 Fax: ‡30±821±28459 E-mail: peter@tsinet.gr Jaako Talvitie Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC) University of Oulu Oulu, FIN-90570, FINLAND O. N. Uc Ëan Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Istanbul University Avcilar 34850, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: uosman@istanbul.edu.tr List of Contributors xiii
  • 15. M. Uysal Wireless Communication Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Texas AM University College Station, 77840, Texas, USA E-mail: uysal@ee.tamu.edu Bernhard Walke Aachen University of Technology Kopernikusstr. 16 D52074 Aachen, Germany Tel: ‡49 (0)241 88 90 340 Fax: ‡49 (0)241 88 88 242 Gang Wu Yokosuka Radio Communications Research Centre Communication Research Laboratory 3±4-Hikarino-oka Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 239±0847, Japan Howard H. Xia AirTouch Communications 2999 Oak Rd MS900, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 Tel: ‡1 510±210±3461 Fax: ‡1 510±210±3469 E-mail: howard.xia@airtouch.com Shun-Ren Yang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan xiv List of Contributors
  • 16. Preface This book entitled Wireless Local Loops ± Theory and Applications has been motivated by a similar course taught by the editor and by a conference on a similar subject organised by the same editor. The aim of the book is to present in a self-contained manner and in a tutorial format the theoretical aspects and various practical applications of a new medium of transmission which is called Wireless Local Loops which is making a major impact in the provision of new services. Over the years, WLL have been called radio in the loop (RITL) or fixed radio access (FRA) to indicate a system that connects subscribers to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) using radio signals as a substitute for copper for all or part of the connection between the subscriber and the switch. This includes cordless access systems, proprietary fixed radio access, and fixed cellular systems. Industry analysts predict that the global WLL market will reach millions of subscribers by the year 2000. Much of this growth will occur in emerging economies where half the world's population lacks plain old telephone service (POTS). Developing nations like China, India, Brazil, Russia, and Indonesia look to WLL technology as an efficient way to deploy POTS for millions of subscribers ± without the expense of burying tons of copper wire. In developed economies, WLL will help unlock competition in the local loop, enabling new operators to bypass existing wireline networks to deliver POTS and data access. So the question is not will the local loop go wireless, but when and where. It is also expected to play a major role in the third and fourth-generation mobile systems. As such, it seems appropriate at this point of time to put together a book which will cover the theory and possible applications of WLL which present in a concise and coherent manner concepts which presently can only be found in the proceedings of advanced telecommunication journals and conferences. Part I covers more of the theoretical aspects which include propagation, modulation, coding, channel modelling, and traffic engineering issues for WLL, where Part II covers prototype designs of various access protocols and a mobility manager as well as a remote management system and provision of multimedia services. The book starts with a general overview of Wireless Local Loops by I. Barbounakis and P. Stavroulakis, it continues with a presentation of propagation models for WLL by Dongsoo Har and Howard H. Xia. Chapter three covers Capacity Enhancement Issues for Space Division Multiple Access by G. M. Galvan-Tejada and J. G. Gardiner. Modu- lation aspects are covered in chapter four by O. N. Ucan, M. Uysal and S. Paker. Chapter five covers an algorithmic approach for the generation of orthogonal Hadamard code in order to reduce complexity in low data WLL receivers by J. G. Evans and B. R. Badrinath. Channel modelling for indoors and outdoors WLL is presented in chapter
  • 17. six by Ian Oppermann and Jaako Talvitie. Chapters seven and eight cover the traffic considerations in comparing access techniques for WLL and Dynamic Channel Alloca- tion Schemes by Ingo Forkel, Stefan Mangold, Roger Easo and Bernhard Walke. Applications are covered in Part II which starts with chapter nine to present an innovative access protocol prototype by Masugi Inoue, Gang Wu and Yoshihiro Hase and chapter ten presents a mobility manager which is based on a private branch exchange. A remote management system is presented in chapter eleven by T. Jagodits and Hans Bhatia and finally the prospects for current and future services using WLL is covered in chapter twelve by Dong Geun Jeong and Wha Sook Jeon. In closing, we believe that this book will help the new generation of graduate students and practising engineers in the coming years to grasp the basic background of WLL which will play a major role in the provision of new services as it relates to third and fourth-generation wireless systems. We also hope that it will assist young researchers to further investigate this new field. xvi Preface
  • 18. Acknowledgement I feel indebted to the contributors of this book whose diligent work made this book possible and my staff at T.S.I especially Mr. H. Sandalidis and Chrysanthi Lytra who worked endless hours helping me to put this material together and in a publishing format.
  • 19. Index Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) 17, 18, 68 Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) 66, 196 Alcatel Evolium System 26±7 Antennas 10, 11, 159 directional subscriber antennas 185 height 36, 38±40, 43±54 patterns 172±3, 205±6 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) 35, 101 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 26, 235 Authentication Centre (AuC) 251 Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) 12 Automatic gain controllers 13±14 Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) 176±7, 181±2 Available Bit Rate (ABR) 169±70, 175±6 Base Service Areas (BSA) 234 Base Station Controller (BSC) 10±11 Base station Transceiver Station (BTS) 9, 10±11 Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) 86 Bit error probability 95 Bit rate 169, 239 Bit-energy to interference spectral power 146, 148±9 Boersma functions 53 Broadband Radio Access Integrated Network (BRAIN) 233±4 architecture 234±5 design 235±6 indoor LAN prototype configuration 240±1 DLC layer equipment 243±4 implementation 241±5 parameters 241 physical layer equipment 242±3 traffic analyser 245 MAC protocol: RS-ISMA control signal definition 237 frame structure 236 information transmission procedure 238 multimedia traffic support 239±40 non-periodic polling mode 239 overview 236 periodic polling mode 238 reservation procedure 237±8 retransmission 240 slot configuration 236±7 Broadband systems 23±7, 36 Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) 25 Broadcast phase 167 Cable television systems 4, 102 Call Process Switching (CPX) 247±8 Capacities CDMA analysis parameters 153±4 ideal system 154±5 inter-cell interference 155 inter-symbol interference 155±8 multicell and multiclass 152±4 single-cell and multiclass 150±2 single-cell and single-class 147±8 Carrier to Interference ratio (C/I) 147, 164±5 Carrier to Multipath Ratio (CMR) 116, 124±8 Cell delay 182 Cell Delay Variation (CDV) 239 Cell Loss Ratio (CLR) 176 Cellular technologies 65±6 GSM 66 IS-54 66±7 IS-95 67 Qualcomm CDMA 67 Channel coders/decoders 13 Channel Segregation (CS) 166 Channel State Information (CSI) 95 283 Wireless Local Loops: Theory and Applications, Peter Stavroulakis Copyright # 2001 John Wiley Sons Ltd ISBNs: 0±471±49846±7 (Hardback); 0±470±84187±7 (Electronic)
  • 20. Co-Channel Interference (CCI) 171 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 15±16, 70±1, 197 capacity analysis 145 analytical results 154±8 ideal system 154±5 inter-cell interference 155 multiclass services 148±54 single-class services 146±8 traffic model 145±6 compared to TDMA 31±3, 158±60 service class connections 155, 156±7, 158 traffic considerations 144±5 Continuous Phase frequency Modulation (CPM) 81 Control Signal Field (CSF) 236±7 Control signals 237 Copper wiring, limitations 3±4 Cordless systems 63±4 DECT 64 low-range 16 PACS 65 PHS 64±5 Custom Local Area Signalling Services (CLASS) 274 Customer service needs 7 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code 236 Decision-Feedback Equalizers (DFEs) 13 Delay spread 124, 128, 129 Demand-Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA) 28 Developed regions 8±9, 275±6 Developing regions 8, 274±5 Digital beamforming 71 Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) 16, 17, 64, 73, 198, 277±8 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 11, 12±13 Digital Speech Interpolation (DSI) 20 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 3±4, 142, 143 Digital Trunk Unit (DTU) 248±9 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 12 Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) 20 Doppler shift 130 Downlink phase 167 Downstream Information Field (DIF) 236±7 DSC Airspan System 22, 69 Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) 17, 64, 163, 166±8 access and allocation technologies 163, 166±8 fixed channel allocation 165 multiple access 163±5 network scenarios 168 basic parameters 168±9 coding aspects 174 radio aspects 169±74 resource unit DCA parameters 176±8 traffic aspects 174±6 network simulation 178 DCA, simple 180±1 DCA with ARQ 181±2 DCA with asymmetric traffic 182±3 DCA with directional subscriber antennas 185 DCA with power control 183±5 DCA with sectored cells 185±6 evaluation criteria 178 FCA simulation 179±80 Grade of Service (GoS) 187±8 results 179±88 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) 187, 188 Dynamic Channel Selection (DCS) 166 Equalizers 13 Erlangs 206, 258±9 Euclidean distance 82±3, 86 European Cooperation in Scientific and Technical research (COST) path loss model 47±8 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) 58 DECT standard 64 GSM standard 15, 66 HIPERACCESS 233 Fibre To The Curb (FTTC) 233, 234 Filters 12 Finite-Difference-Time Domain (FD-TD) 88±93 Fixed Channel Allocation (FCA) 165, 179±80 Fixed Service/Digital Microwave Link (FS/DML) 201 antenna patterns 205±6 cell and user distribution 205 channel attenuation and coverage margin 207 error probability at receiver output 216 links budget 208 power control 207±8 signal power spectrum density 212 signals description 208±10 system layout 202±5 284 Index
  • 21. system parameters 217 traffic and capacity analysis 206 Fixed Service-Frequency Division Multiplex/ Frequency Modulation (FS-FDM/FM) 201 antenna patterns 205±6 cell and user distribution 205 channel attenuation and coverage margin 207 interference noise at receiver output 214±16 links budget 208 power control 207±8 signal power spectrum density 210±12 signals description 208±10 system layout 202±5 traffic and capacity analysis 206 Fixed Subscriber Unit (FSU) 9, 10 Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) see Wireless Local Loops Fixed Wireless Network Interface Unit (FWNIU) see Fixed Subscriber Unit Forward Error Correction (FEC) 13 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 25, 70 Frequency usage 14, 32, 68, 233 Frequency-Division Duplex (FDD) 18±19, 193 Future developments 271±2 multimedia services 280±1 service requirements developed regions 275±6 developing regions 274±5 system architecture 272±4 Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation 11, 17 Gaussian noise 121, 210 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) 42±3 Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) 27 Global System For Mobile Communications (GSM) 11, 15, 66, 197 Grade of Service (GoS) 6, 59, 187±8 Hadamard matrix and codes 104, 110, 111 Handover 250 High-range cellular systems 14±15 Home office (SOHO) 101±2 Hughes Network Systems (HNS) Aireach broadband system 24±5 E-TDMA system 20 Telephony Earth Station (TES) 27, 28 Impulse Responses (IR) 115, 116, 120±3, 124 power decay profile 133±4 IMT-2000 198±9 Infostations 102, 103 receivers 107±8 simplified terminals 108±10 transmitters 106±7 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 3, 7 Basic Rate Interface (BRI) 8 Inter-cell interference 152±4, 155, 171±2, 173 Inter-Channel Interference (ICI) 171 Interference 7, 191±4 antenna patterns 205±6 architecture 201 cell and user distribution 205 channel attenuation and coverage margin 207 definition 201 error probability at receiver output 216 links budget 208 noise at receiver output 214±16 noise power contribution 214 power control 207±8 signal spectrum characteristics DML signal power 212 FDM/FM signal power 210±12 SSDS-CDMA signal power 212±13 signals description 208±10 study case 217±28 system implementation 194±6 system layout 202±5 technology 196±200 traffic and capacity analysis 206 Interim Standards (IS) IS-54 11, 66±7 IS-95 14, 15±16, 67, 278 IS-136 12±13, 15 International Telecommunications Union (ITU) 142 International teledensity 142 Internet Protocol (IP) 26, 142 Internet service provision 4 Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) 124, 145, 152, 155±8 Intra-cell interference 154 Ionica 20, 68 Least Significant Bit (LSB) 83 Lloyd-Max Quantizer 84, 87, 97, 99 Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) 4 Index 285
  • 22. Local Multipoint Distribution Systems (LMDS) 23, 281 Low Delay Code-Excited Linear Prediction (LD-CELP) 18 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems 27 Low-range cordless systems 16 Lucent Airloop system 21±2, 69 Market challenges 101±2 M-Ary modulation 12 Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Estimators (MLSEs) 13 Maxwell's equations 89 Mean Cell Rate (MCR) 177 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol 167±8 control signal definition 237 frame structure 236 information transmission procedure 238 multimedia traffic support 239±40 non-periodic polling mode 239 overview 236 periodic polling mode 238 reservation procedure 237±8 retransmission 240 slot configuration 236±7 Microwave Multipoint Distribution Systems (MMDS) 23, 281 Microwave transmission 4 Microwave Video Distribution Systems (MVDS) 24 Mid-Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite systems 27 Minimum Squared Error (MSE) 86 Modulators 11±12 Most Significant Bit (MSB) 83±4 Motorola Spectrapoint system 25 Multipath Components (MPCs) 121±3, 125±6, 127, 128±30 amplitude distribution 134±5 late arrival 136 number of 131±3 Multiple Access Interference (MAI) 144±5 Multiple access techniques 70 CDMA 70±1 digital beamforming 71 FDMA 70 SDMA 71 study scenarios 72±5 TDMA 70 Multiple Phase-Shift Keying (MPSK) 81 Narrowband systems 19±23, 36 Near±far problem 71, 183 Network Analyser (NWA) 117, 120 Network Interface Unit (NIU) 102 Noise analysis 110±12, 121±3 Non-Line-Of-Sight path (NLOS) 11, 120 Non-periodic polling 239 Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) 196 Nortel Proximity I/Proximity II system 20±1, 68 Reunion system 25±6 Offset Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 12 Optical fibre systems 4 Optimum Performance Theoretically Possible (OPTA) 94±5 Optimum Quantization method 84, 87, 97, 99 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 103 Outdoor to indoor channel models 115±16, 131 amplitude distribution of individual MPCS 134±5 channel parameters 123±4 Carrier to Multipath Ratio (CMR) 124±8 multipath amplitude variations 130±1 multipath component arrivals 128±30 data processing 120±3 experimental procedure 116 frequency domain 116±19 measurements 118±19, 120 time domain 119±20 IR power decay profile 133±4 late arrival of MPCS 136 number of MPCS 131±3 simulation results 136±8 Packet Error Ratio (PER) 171, 184±5 Paging groups 249±50 Path loss 35, 39±40, 43±4 all non-LOS routes 50±2 COST model 47±8 free space loss 40±1 HXB model 49±52 lateral route 50±1 local diffractions 42±3 multiple forward diffractions 41 receiving antenna below rooftops 47±52 staircase route 49 transmitting and receiving antennas above rooftops 44±7, 52±4 transverse route 49 286 Index
  • 23. Peak Cell Rate (PCR) 239 Periodic polling 238 Personal Access Communications System (PACS) 16, 17±19, 65, 277 Personal Communication Systems (PCS) 11, 197±8 Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) modulation 11 Personal Handy-Phone Services (PHS) 16, 19, 64±5, 102 Personal Wireless Telecommunication (PWT) 16, 17 Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) 3, 21, 27, 271 Point-To-Multipoint (PMP) systems 25 Power control 171, 183±5, 207±8 Private Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX) 201 Private Branch Exchange (PBX) 247 computer-controlled architecture 247±8 call termination 255±8 data structures 253, 256 mobility management 248±52 performance 258±9 registration procedures 252±5 Propagation models 35±6, 55, 59 delay spread 37±9 path loss 39±40, 43±4 all non-LOS routes 50±2 COST model 47±8 free space loss 40±1 HXB model 49±52 lateral route 50±1 local diffractions 42±3 multiple forward diffractions 41 receiving antenna below rooftops 47±52 staircase route 49 transmitting and receiving antennas above rooftops 44±7, 52±4 transverse route 49 Proprietary broadband WLL 23±4 Alcatel Evolium 26±7 HNS Aireach Broadband 24±5 Motorola Spectrapoint 25 Nortel Reunion 25±6 Proprietary narrowband WLL 19, 67 DSC Airspan 22, 69 HNS E-TDMA 20 Lucent Airloop 21±2, 69 Nortel Proximity I/Proximity II 20±1, 68 Qualcomm Qctel 21 Tadiran Multigain 22±3 Pseudonoise (PN) 15 Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) 57, 58 Public Telephony Operators (PTO) 142 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) 18 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) 81 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) 21, 28 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, p=4 (p=4-QPSK) 11, 17, 65 Qualcomm CDMA 67 Code Excited Linear Prediction (QCELP) 15 Qctel system 21 Quality of services 6, 59 Quasi-Line-Of-Sight (QLOS) 126 Quasi-Static Autonomous Frequency Assignment (QSAFA) 18, 65 Radio aspects of dynamic channel allocation antenna patterns 172±3 background noise 170 bit rate 169±70 inter-cell interference 171±2, 173 interference 171 modulation 171 power control 171 propagation model 170 received signal power 171 root mean squared delay spread 170 spectral efficiency 169±70 transmission power 170 Radio Base Station (RBS) 164±5 Radio Local Loop (RLL) see Wireless Local Loops Radio Network Terminal (RNT) 164±5 Random access phase 168 Rayleigh fading 14, 92 Receiver synchronization circuits 12±13 Regular Pulse Excitation Long Term Predictive (RPE-LTP) coding 15 Remote management 261 event logging 266 link operation 266 poll operation 267±9 terminal operation 267 upgrade of fixed subscriber units automated download 263 broadcast 263 characteristics 263±6 processing 265±6 Index 287
  • 24. Remote management (cont.) upgrade of fixed subscriber units (cont.) retransmission 263 software image partitioning 263±5 Reservation Packet (RP) 237±8 Resource Management (RM) cells 239 Satellite systems 4, 27±8 HNS Terminal Earth Station Quantum system 28 Secure transmission 7 Signal delay 37±9 Signal spectrum characteristics DML signal power 212 FDM/FM signal power 210±12 SSDS-CDMA signal power 212±13 Signal-To-Noise Ratio (SNR) 81, 181, 184, 186, 187, 188 Signal-To-Quantization Noise Ratio (SQNR) 81, 86, 94±5 SOHO (home office) 101±2 Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) 57, 71 Spatial signatures 71 Spectral efficiency 169 Spreading gain 146 Standing waves 46 Steering vector 71 Street orientation angle 47±8 Subscriber units 37 Sylvester construction technique 104 Tadiran Multigain system 22±3 Teledensity, international 142 Telephone service tariff structures 142 Television broadcasts 23 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 15, 25, 70, 103 compared to CDMA 31±3, 158±60 packed switched traffic model 174±6 traffic considerations 143±4 Time-Division Duplex (TDD) 17, 18, 193 Total Access Communications System (TACS) 196 Traffic considerations 141 CDMA capacity analysis 145 analytical results 154±8 multiclass services 148±54 single-class services 146±8 traffic model 145±6 comparison between CDMA and TDMA 158±60 multiple access technologies 143 CDMA 144, 145 interference (MAI) 144±5 TDMA 143±4 networks 142±3 volume 7 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 235 Trellis Coded Quantization (TCQ)/Modulation (TCM) 81 AWGN channels 94±5 basic model 88±95 channel model 88±93 codebook size 85, 86±7 codewords 83 combined system 87 encoding/decoding 82±3 example four-state structure 95±9 fundamentals 81±3 general aspects 83±7 system model 93±5 Tri-Mode Modulation (TMM) 24 Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) 4 Universal Service Obligation (USO) 9 Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) 198 Uplink phase 168 Vector Sum Excited Linear Predictor (VSELP) 15, 67 Video On Demand (VOD) services 4, 23, 143 Viterbi algorithm 83, 94 Wide-Band Code Division Modulation (W-CDMA) 103, 104, 199±200, 278±9 code selection and generation 104±6 infostation receivers 107±8 infostation transmitters 106±7 noise analysis and processing gain 110±12 simplified signal processing 108±10 Wide-Sense Stationary Consisting Of Uniform Scatters (WSS-US) 116 Wireless Local Loops (WLL) advantages 5±6, 88, 101, 192, 194±5 architecture 9±14 capacity 6, 7 capacity enhancement 57 performance results 76±7 simulation description 75 CDMA versus TDMA 31±3 288 Index
  • 25. combined TCQ/TCM system 88±95 comparison of services 29±30, 279±80 costs 5±6, 101±2 coverage 5, 7 current systems 276±80 definition 57±60 deployment 5, 62±3, 194, 262 adaptive array at base station 72±3 antenna array at user station 73±5 conventional configuration 72 omnidirectional antennas at user premises 73, 74 disadvantages 196 first generation technologies 63±9 fixed versus mobile cellular systems 30±1 frequencies 192±3 multiple access techniques 70±5 necessity for 3±5, 57±9, 192 network market 142±3 operational characteristics 60 reference model 60±1 requirements 6±9, 59 service attributes 59±60 services 195 system configuration 36±7 system parameters 218 system technologies 14±28, 196 analogue cellular 196±7 DECT 198 digital cellular 197 IMT-2000 198±9 multiple access 199 PCS 197±8 W-CDMA 199±200 Yee cell 90 Index 289
  • 26. Part I Theoretical Aspects Wireless Local Loops: Theory and Applications, Peter Stavroulakis Copyright # 2001 John Wiley Sons Ltd ISBNs: 0±471±49846±7 (Hardback); 0±470±84187±7 (Electronic)
  • 27. 1 Introduction to WLL: Digital Service Technologies Ioannis S. Barbounakis and Peter Stavroulakis 1.1 Background During the last few years, the telecommunications sector has progressed remarkably thanks to the numerous technological advances occurring in the field. The demand for communication services has also increased explosively worldwide creating or imposing tougher capacity requirements on the telecommunication infrastructure. In developing regions, this demand reflects the great need for the basic telephone services, i.e. the Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), whereas in developed regions it applies to high-rate data and multimedia services at home and/or office. In addition to these recently established conditions, the liberalization of the telecommunication sector, taking place in our days, has unexceptionably driven innovation on the telecommunication infrastructure. It is only the local loop segment that has left unchanged despite all these technological innovations. Lately, however, it has attracted the attention of telecommunication carriers since it proves to be the bottleneck in their network expansion. Consequently, more efficient transmission techniques (ISDN, DSL) improving the capacity of the copper wires or alternative physical media such as fibre, coaxial cable and wireless terrestrial or satellite links have started to be deployed more and more. It is not only the rapid penetration, which is necessary in developing regions, but also the need for higher capacity in developed regions that have made other physical media apart from our common copper wiring viable solutions in the local loop arena. Today's copper wiring is mostly limited to a maximum distance of 5 km between the subscriber and the local exchange, with the average being in the region of 2 km. This class of transmission channels is sufficient in providing POTS and data through voice-band modems. Moreover, it has reached its upper limits and only thanks to digital techniques such as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), it keeps a high competitiveness. ISDN has been the first digital transmission technology to work over existing copper lines offering voice, data and low-resolution video simultan- eously. DSL technology has followed offering data and voice integration with a higher efficiency than ISDN but at the cost of farther limitations. DSL lines must be clean copper from the local exchange to the customer premises. The service also degrades dramatically as the distance from the local exchange increases, limiting bandwidth avail- able to customers or preventing access to more rural users. Asymmetric DSL is the 3 Wireless Local Loops: Theory and Applications, Peter Stavroulakis Copyright # 2001 John Wiley Sons Ltd ISBNs: 0±471±49846±7 (Hardback); 0±470±84187±7 (Electronic)
  • 28. technology favoured by many operators or Internet Service and Multimedia Content Pro- viders. Downstream speeds typically are much faster than the upstream speeds. Symmetric DSL is more popular with local exchange carriers (LECs), which locally compete with incumbent operators for customers. Connection speeds are the same in both directions. Optical fibre has been utilized in the trunk network as a more efficient and cost- effective solution for many years now. In many countries it has also replaced copper in the distribution network. However, when considering the local loop the undertaking becomes too risky mainly due to the high cost involved in such a large-scale deployment. Cable television has become a reality to many people worldwide for more than 20 years now. When the customer base grew up to a significant level, cable operators thought of providing telephony services through a new type of bidirectional cable modem. Although the coaxial cable is a high-bandwidth channel, the fact that only selected areas of the world and selected populations within these areas would be interested in services other than CATV make this medium cost-ineffective for a local loop option. Another solution, which adopts radio as the transmission medium, in the local loop is the wireless local loop (WLL). WLL is often called the radio local loop (RLL) or the fixed wireless access (FWA). Since WLL is a kind of radio system, it is natural that its technology has been affected by wireless mobile communication technologies. In fact, as will be shown later, most WLL systems have been developed according to the standards (or their variants) for second-generation cellular and cordless systems. However, until now that third-generation cellular systems, i.e. Universal Mobile Telecommunication Sys- tems (UMTS) start to be deployed, WLL systems were at a disadvantage compared to their wireline counterparts in terms of voice quality and data rates supported. In general, almost all of cellular/cordless systems or multiple access techniques can be used for narrowband WLL. However, it is also true that there exist some technologies or systems that have comparative advantages in a certain WLL environment. Many manufacturers and TV broadcasters have been promoting the idea of deploying terrestrial microwave distribution systems mainly for television provision as broadband wireless systems. The philosophy behind such systems is to provide a reverse link as well. Services like Video on Demand and wideband Internet connections are among the first to be offered. At the assigned microwave frequencies, high propagation losses and weather effects such as heavy rain play an important role in the power budget design of the system probably making it a less favoured solution for wireless local loop access in rural and sparsely populated areas. Last but not least, there are the satellites, which support network access to all sub- scribers rather than only the fixed ones. Despite the long delays and the high equipment cost, they will play an important role in providing global network access to rural areas not available through other means or small communities with a minimum degree of mobility. In this chapter, we attempt an overview of several WLL digital service technologies, which have been developed during the last years. We classify them according to their range, capacity and air-interface specifications standardized or not. Through their pre- sentation, our aim is to conclude on what WLL is able to offer to the developing and developed world now and in the foreseeable future. Section 1.2 outlines the advantages of efficient WLL systems in developing and de- veloped regions. Section 1.3 focuses on the requirements that WLL has to meet in order to compete in the local loop arena. Section 1.4 presents a generic WLL system architecture and focuses on the technological breakthroughs in the wireless transceiver architecture on a per functional block basis. Section 1.5 describes the digital service technologies, which 4 Introduction to WLL: Digital Service Technologies
  • 29. are in the phase of deployment or trial worldwide. Section 1.6 compares all WLL candidate technologies in terms of range, quality, service capability, etc. Finally, conclud- ing remarks are derived in Section 1.7. For completion purposes, two appendices are given. Appendix A clarifies the differences of cellular technologies being deployed with fixed instead of mobile subscribers. Appendix B constitutes an answer to the question `which multiple access format is more efficient: CDMA or TDMA?'. 1.2 Advantages of Wireless Systems Wireless systems are justified as a local loop solution because of the cost-effectiveness and/ or limitations of other technologies such as copper, coaxial cable and fibre. However, there has not been established any standard for WLL yet. WLL systems, which are currently deployed, are based on a wide range of radio technologies including satellite, cellular/cordless and many proprietary narrowband or broadband technologies depending on the desired subscriber density as well as on the coverage area under service (see Figure 1.1). WLL has many advantages from the viewpoints of the service providers and subscribers [1±7]: Fast Deployment WLL systems can be deployed in weeks or months as compared to the months or years needed for the deployment of copper wire systems. Faster deployment can mean sooner realization of revenues and reduced time to payback of the deployment investment. Even with higher costs per subscriber that may be associated with the WLL terminal and base station equipment, the faster rate of deployment can permit a higher return of investment. The rapid rate of deployment can also yield first-mover advantage with respect to competitive services, can accelerate the pace of regional economic growth, and can provide substantive progress in the development of needed infrastructure. Low Construction Cost The deployment of WLL technology involves considerably less heavy construction than does the laying of copper lines. The lower construction costs may be more than offset by the additional equipment costs associated with WLL technology, but in urban areas, especially, there may be considerable value in avoiding the disruption that the wide-scale deployment of copper lines entails. Subscriber Density WLL cell radius 3 km 30 km Urban Suburban Rural Cellular Cordless Satellite proprietary Narrowband LMDS Figure 1.1 WLL coverage using different technologies Advantages of Wireless Systems 5
  • 30. Another Random Document on Scribd Without Any Related Topics
  • 31. [215] Morales (Coleccion de Documentos, V, 478).—Salazar, cap. XXIX. [216] Morales, ubi sup. [217] Laderchii Annales, ann. 1566, n. 484.—Archivio Vaticano, Nunziatura di Spagna, T. I, carte 1. [218] Morales (Coleccion de Documentos, V, 480). [219] Menéndez Pelayo, II, 405. [220] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 144. [221] Salazar, cap. XXVIIbis, XXIX. [222] Coleccion de Documentoa, LXVIII, 460-2. [223] Salazar, cap. XXXI.—Llorente, cap. XXXIV, Art. 11, n. 1.—Adolfo de Castro, op. cit. p. 229. Catena, in his semi-official life of Pius simply says “la [causa] condusae quasi à sentenza.”—Vita del Papa Pio Quinto, p. 109 (Roma, 1587). [224] Simancas (Adolfo de Castro, p. 227). [225] Salazar, cap. XXXI.—Coleccion de Documentos, LXVIII, 465-71.— Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 1049.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 158.—Llorente, cap. XXV, n. 11, 31; cap. XXIX, Art. 1, n. 4, 6, 7.—Menéndez Pelayo, II, 406. [226] Coleccion de Documentos, LXVIII, 472, 473. [227] Coleccion de Documentos, LXVIII, 478. [228] Salazar, cap. XXXIII.—Morales (Coleccion de Doc. V, 490).—Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 976, fol. 52. [229] Salazar, cap. XXXIII.—Adolfo de Castro, p. 233. [230] Theiner, Annal. Ecclesiast. II. 244. [231] Salazar, cap. XXXIV.—Simancas (Adolfo de Castro, p. 234). [232] Salazar, cap. XXXV. [233] Coleccion de Documentos LXVIII, 479. [234] Bibl. nacional, MSS. Mm, 475. [235] Salazar, cap. ult. [236] Raynald. Annal. ann. 1560, n. 23.—Pallavicini Hist. Conc. Trident. Lib. XIV, cap. 12, n. 4. [237] Bibliotheca nova, s. v. Bartholomaus Carranza. [238] El Protestantismo comparado con el Catolicismo, II, 301, 306 (Barcelona, 1844). See also Tournon, Hommes illustres de l’Ordre de Saint Dominique, IV, 438. It should be added that Menéndez Pelayo (II, 376), after an examination of the
  • 32. testimony, asserts that it was sufficient to justify the prosecution. This may be so, according to inquisitorial methods, but not the persistent persecution that followed. [239] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 68. [240] Hinojosa, Los Despachos de la Diplomacia pontificia, I, 303. [241] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 63. [242] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 91. [243] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 20, fol. 38; Lib. 52, fol. 21. [244] Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 25, fol. 66; Lib. 52, fol. 100, 125, 335. [245] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 141, 144, 150.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajos 418, 419, 1577. [246] Coleccion de los escritos mas importantes etc. de D. Manuel Abad Queipo, Obispo electo de Mechoacan, Mexico, 1813.—I have a copy of an edict issued by him October 8, 1810, as bishop-elect, in which he alludes to two previous ones excommunicating Hidalgo and his followers. [247] Simancæ de Cath. Institt. Tit. XXV, n. 11.—Trimarchi de Confessore abutente Sacramento Pœnit., p. 172 (Genuæ, 1636).—Coleccion de Documentos tocantes á la Persecution del Obispo de Asuncion, I, ix (Madrid, 1768).—Cf. Recop. de las Indias, Lib. I, Tit. vii, ley 51. [248] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 877, fol. 266; Libro 890.—Rodrigo, Hist. verdadera, III, 492. [249] Mariana, Historia de España, Lib. XXIV, cap. xvii. [250] Eymerici Director, P. III, n. 52, 53. [251] Instrucciones de 1484, § 2 (Arguello, fol. 3). [252] Instructiones de 1500, § 12 (Arguello, fol. 13). [253] La Mantia, L’Inquisizione in Sicilia, p. 26. [254] Pragmáticas y altres Drets de Cathalunya, Lib. I, Tit. viii, cap. 1. [255] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 933. [256] Ibidem, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 43. [257] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 148. See also Llorente, Hist. crít. Append., XI. [258] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 498; Inquisicion de Valencia, Lib. VII de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 61. [259] Ibidem, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 251. [260] MSS. Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, Tomo IV, n. 44.—Cf. Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1475, fol. 52; Leg. 1478, fol. 106.
  • 33. [261] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 79; S, 294, fol. 21, 74.—MSS. Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, Tomo IV, n. 43.— Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Lib. VII de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 64; Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 251. [262] Sayri Clavis Regia Sacerdotum, Lib. XII, cap. xiv, n. 32-34. [263] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 939, fol. 84, 140; Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 272. [264] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 4,— Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 309, Cuentas, fol. 3; Leg. 299. [265] Bordoni Sacrum Tribunal, cap. XXX, 481, 506-10 (Romæ, 1648). [266] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 89. [267] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 329; Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 110. [268] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 261, n. 69. [269] MSS. of White Library, Cornell University, n. 616, fol. 60, 61. [270] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 10, fol. 92; Leg. 16, n. 6, fol. 41; Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 21.—Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 2843. [271] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 4. [272] Proceso contra Hansz Brunsvi (MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. III). [273] Ibidem, Yc, 20, Tom. I. [274] MSS. of Am. Philos. Society. [275] Proceso contra Don Thomas Sans (MS. penes me). [276] Valladares, Semanario erudito, XXIV, 194-204. [277] Pulgar, Chronica, P. II, cap. lxxvii. [278] Of course the price for these varied according to circumstances. A contemporary document (Summaria Declaratio Bullæ Indulgentiarum Ecclesiæ Xanctonensi concessarum, 1482) tells us that the price in Rome for those in the ordinary form was nearly three florins. In Germany, early in the sixteenth century, the Beichtbriefe were sold at a quarter of a gulden apiece (Gröne, Tetzel und Luther, p. 196). [279] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 1. In this case the papal letters appointed special persons to act under it as executors —the form known as Absolutio in vim commissionis apostolicæ.—See Formularium Instrumentorum ad usum curie Romane, fol. 2, 3 (Hain, 7276). [280] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 185, n. 820.
  • 34. [281] Sixti PP. IV, Bull. Quoniam nonnulli, §§ 4, 6.—Julii PP. III, Bull. Rationi congruit (Bullar. Roman. I, 428, 786). When, in 1562, Pius IV reformed the Penitentiary he confined letters of absolution to the forum of conscience.—Bull. In sublimi (Bullar. II, 75). [282] Collectio Decretorum Sacræ Congregationis Sti Officii, p. 245 (MS. penes me). [283] Llorente, Hist. crít., Append. n. 3.—Páramo, p. 137.—Boletin, XV, 472, 474. [284] Printed by Llorente, Append. n. 4. That this was procured, and of course paid for, by the Conversos is evident from the fact that the original was presented, January 4, 1484, to Garcia de Meneses, Bishop of Evora in Portugal, by Juan de Sevilla, who asked, as it provided that full faith should be given to all notarial transcripts, authenticated by the seal of a bishop, that he would authorize the notary, Nuñez Lorenzo, to make transcripts and attach the seal, to which the bishop assented.— Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 20. Thus the bull was brought to Spain by the Conversos; copies were needed and either they dared not trust the original to any Spanish bishop, or could find none who ventured to assist in its multiplication; it was therefore carried to Portugal, where the bishops were under no constraint. [285] Boletin, XV, 489.—Llorente, Hist. crít. cap. V, Art. iv, n. 20. [286] Archivio Vaticano, Sisto IV, Registro 677, Tom. XVIII, fol. 498. [287] Pulgar, Chronica, III, xxxviii. [288] See Vol. I, Appendix, p. 572. [289] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 33 [290] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 45.—Páramo, p. 137. [291] Informe de Quesada (Bibl. nacional, MSS., Tj, 28). [292] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 8.—Cf. Somoza de Salgado de Retentione Bullarum, P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 85, 86. [293] Boletin, XV, 579.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 260. [294] Boletin, XV, 581. [295] Somoza, loc. cit., n. 127.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 94.— Archivio Vaticano, Innoc. VIII, Regist. 686, fol. 103. (See Appendix). [296] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago. Lib. I, fol. 44.—Archive de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 274.—Llorente, Añales, I, 146. [297] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisition, Lib. I. [298] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 46. [299] Somoza, op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 85, 86. [300] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 22.
  • 35. [301] Boletin, XV, 572. [302] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1; Lib. 939, fol. 114. [303] Boletin, XV, 597. [304] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 15.— Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 95.—Burchardi Diarium (Ed. Thuasne, II, 491).—Villari, Niccolò Machiavelli, I, 249, 279 (Milano, 1895). [305] Llorente, Hist. crít., Appendix VII.—Nueva Recop. Lib. VIII, Tit. ii, ley 2. [306] Yet licence to return could doubtless often be had for a consideration. Compromises and commutations, as we shall see, were a recognized source of revenue and a document of this period contains an offer, from certain parties who had been absolved in Rome, of seven thousand ducats and some houses, for permission to reside in Spain and present themselves to the Inquisition for salutary penance.— Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inquisition, Leg. único, fol. 5. [307] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 1. [308] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 47; Lib. 3, fol. 32.—Archivo da Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933. [309] Bibl. nacional, MSS., X, 157, fol. 244; D, 118, fol. 39, 41, 104. [310] Gachard, Voyages des Souverains des Pays-Bas, I, 548. [311] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 13, 15. [312] Bulario, Lib. I, fol. 50. [313] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 104. [314] Somoza, op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 50. [315] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 7.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 296. Somoza (op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 40) prints this with the date of March 17, 1510—probably a reissue. [316] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 71, 75, 77. [317] Döllinger, Beiträge zur politischen, kirchlichen u. Cultur-geschichte, T. III, p. 204.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 2, fol. 8. [318] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias fol. 50. [319] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1465, fol. 28. [320] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 3, fol. 133. [321] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 149, 274. [322] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. II, fol. 19, 21.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 72, fol. 61; Lib. 74, fol. 56, 62. [323] Llorente, Añales, II, 106.
  • 36. [324] Somoza, P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 85, 86. [325] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 9, fol. 15. [326] Ibidem, Lib. 9, fol. 16. [327] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 59. [328] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 55-58.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 2, fol. 31, 104.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 14, fol. 17, 18.—Llorente, Hist. crít. cap. XI, Art. v, n. 9. [329] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 23. [330] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 104. [331] Llorente, Añales, II, 181, 208, 227.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 4, fol. 9; Lib. 9, fol. 14; Leg. 1465, fol. 28.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 54, fol. 104; fol. 177.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 196. [332] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 54, fol. 8, 104, 177.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 14, fol. 55-7.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 65, 68, 72.—Llorente, Añales, II, 207, 216, 243. [333] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 104. [334] Ibidem, fol. 39, n. 17. [335] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 26, 74, 81, 83, 85.— Páramo, p. 607. [336] Somoza, op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 41.—Llorente, Añales, II, 334, 335. [337] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III de copias, fol. 133. [338] Böhmer, Francisca Hernández und Francisco Ortiz, pp. 174-5 (Leipzig, 1865). [339] Llorente, Hist. crít. cap. XIV, Art. ii, n. 4-10. [340] Somoza, op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 87. [341] Juan de Zuñiga, the ambassador at Rome, states that when, in 1572, the commission of Pedro Ponce de Leon as inquisitor-general was drafted, Gregory XIII had strong desire to limit his faculties so as to make the Spanish Inquisition subordinate to the Roman Congregation and that it required infinite labor to obtain it in the customary form. Possibly the case of Carranza may have suggested the innovation.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 77. [342] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 13, fol. 21. [343] Ibidem, Lib. 79, fol. 99.—Somoza, P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 112. [344] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 32, 35, 39; Libro IV, fol. 2.
  • 37. [345] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 214 fol. [346] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 55, fol. 175. [347] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 171.— Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, n. 12, fol. 442.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 77, 81, 83, 87; Lib. III, fol. 442.—Theiner, Annal. Ecclesiast. III, 361-2. [348] Hinojosa, Despachos de la Diplomacia Pontificia, I, 252-4, 358. [349] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1465, fol. 28. [350] Somoza, op. cit., P. II, cap. xxxiii, n. 138.—MSS. Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Expediente 5270. [351] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. I. [352] Zurita, Añales de Aragon, Lib. XX, cap. xlix.—Páramo, p. 151. [353] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 285. [354] Ibidem, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 139. [355] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 25, fol. 56; Lib. 52, fol. 186; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 102.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 51, 52. [356] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 145. [357] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 23. For much of the earlier history of this case I am indebted to a MS. “Relacion sumaria de la causa que a seguido en el santo oficio de la Inquisicion del Reyno de Toledo contra Don Gerónimo de Villanueva” in the Simancas archives, Lib. 53, fol. 250-98. It bears no date but seems to have been drawn up, in 1647, as an official justification of the sentence, and presents the subject from the standpoint of the prosecution. It will be referred to as “Relacion.” The other side of the story of the convent of San Placido is given in the appeal of Doña Teresa for a reversal of her sentence. Several copies of this have been preserved. The one I have used is in the Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 387. Fuller details of this curious conventual episode will be found in my “Chapters from the Religious History of Spain,” pp. 309-18. [358] Two copies of the sentence of Calderon are in the Bodleian Library, Arch. Seld. 130 and A. Subt. 11. It has also been printed by Eyssenhardt, Mittheilungen aus der Stadtbibliothek zu Hamburg, 1886. A short account of the auto de fe of 1630 will be found in the Appendix to “Chapters from the Religious History of Spain.” [359] Relacion, fol. 258, 297. [360] Relacion, fol. 259-60, 290.
  • 38. [361] Ibidem, fol. 261-7.—“Que por lo que tocava á Don Gerónimo no tocava al santo oficio el proceder en esta causa, por no tener calidad de oficio lo contra el testificado.” [362] Relacion, fol. 267-8.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 387.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Lib. VII de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 27. [363] Pii PP. V, Bull. Inter multiplices (Lib. V, in Septimo, ii, 10). [364] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 156-60. [365] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisition, Lib. 53, fol. 54, 60. [366] Relacion, fol. 291.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 53, fol. 81; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 135, 137, 171, 188. [367] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 53, fol. 53, 55, 60-2.—Relacion, fol. 268-9. [368] Relacion, fol. 270-89. [369] Relacion, fol. 289.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 53, fol. 63-4.— Pellicer, Avisos históricos (Semanario erúdito, XXXIII, 225). [370] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 53, fol. 64; Lib. 54, fol. 411.— Pellicer (Semanario, XXXIII, 231, 250). [371] Relacion, fol. 290, 291.—Cartas de Jesuitas (Memorial hist. español, XVIII, 39).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 53, fol. 86, 92, 104. [372] Relacion, fol. 292. [373] Relacion, loc. cit.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 54, fol. 409.— Cartas de Jesuitas (Memorial hist. español, XVIII, 473). [374] Relacion, fol. 293.—Cartas de Jesuitas (Memorial, XIX, 5). [375] Relacion, fol. 293.—Martin. PP. V Bull Inter cunctas, 22 Feb. 1418 (Pegnæ Append, ad Eymeric., p. 76).—Cartas de Jesuitas (XIX, 5-7). [376] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1495, fol. 73. [377] Ibidem, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 111, 131, 132.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., X, 157, fol. 244. [378] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 128; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 112. 114. [379] Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 291, fol. 214. [380] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 115. [381] Ibidem, fol. 116. [382] Ibidem, fol. 118, 122, 130, 131, 132, 133, 151. [383] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 416. [384] Ibidem, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 154, 171.
  • 39. [385] Ibidem, Leg. 621, fol. 134, 135. [386] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 136, 184. [387] Ibidem, fol. 139. [388] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Leg. 621, fol. 154, 197. [389] Ibidem, fol. 164, 141, 171. [390] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 155. [391] Ibidem, fol. 164-8, 181. [392] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 171. [393] Ibidem, fol. 170: Libro 54, fol. 330, 332. [394] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 172, 173, 175, 176; Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 20, 342, 378. [395] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 54, fol. 1, 6, 20, 26, 29, 31, 35. [396] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 54, fol. 31; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 184. [397] Ibidem, Lib. 54, fol. 44, 54, 80.—Salazar, Inventaire general des Royaumes d’Espagne, fol. 142 (Paris, 1612). [398] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 44. [399] Ibidem, Lib. 54, fol. 40; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 186, 187. [400] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 61, 69, 78. [401] Ibidem, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 84, 94. Cf. fol. 294. [402] Ibidem, fol. 100, 116, 120; Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Leg. 621, fol. 110. For the intrigues connected with the Barbarino marriage see the virulent pamphlet of Gualdi [Gregorio Leti] “Vita di Donna Olimpia Maldachini” pp. 185, 199. Cosmopoli [Leyden], 1666. [403] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 54, fol. 128, 132, 188, 292. [404] Ibidem, Legajo 1465, fol. 73; Libro 54, fol. 230, 292, 330, 332.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 71. [405] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 25, fol. 103; Lib. 52, fol. 125. [406] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 52, fol. 335. [407] Revista crítica de Historia y Literatura, Jan.-Mar., 1900.—Memorial del Doctor Don Luis Belluga, Murcia, 1709. [408] MSS. of Trinity College, Dublin, Class 3, Vol. 27. [409] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1465, fol. 17.
  • 40. [410] Concil. Plenar. Americæ Latinæ, Tit. I, cap. viii, n. 65, 66, 72 (T. I, pp. 37, 40. Romaæ, 1900). [411] Potthast, Regesta, No. 23,302. [412] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 118, 137.—Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Legajo 629. [413] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 72, fol. 45, 49, 80, 81, 103. [414] Ibidem, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Legajo 621, fol. 63.—Cf. Eymerici Director. P. III, Q. vi.—Simancæ de Cath. Institt. Tit. XXXIV, § 14. [415] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 50, fol. 82.—Ibidem, Sala 39, Leg. 4, fol. 57. [416] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol. 30; Leg. 16, n. 6, fol. 33; no. 9, fol. 17, 26. [417] Arguello, fol. 9. [418] See Vol. I, Appendix, p. 578. [419] Arguello, fol. 22. [420] Arguello, fol. 9. In the Simancas copy of these Instructions (Lib. 933) it is one of the inquisitors, or the assessor, to whom the duty was assigned. [421] Ibidem, fol. 13. [422] Arguello, fol. 16, 20, 23. [423] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933, p. 89. [424] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 219. [425] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 72, fol. 49. [426] Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 3137. [427] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 9, fol. 68; Lib. 72, fol. 45. During the separation of the Inquisitions each of course had its Suprema, and even after their union under Adrian the particularist tendencies of the kingdoms kept up for some time distinct organizations. Adrian continued to sign as inquisitor-general for Aragon in all business under that crown (Archivo de Simancas, Libro 940, fol. 190). The two councils continued to keep their organizations complete, except that one relator served for both (Ibidem, fol. 188, 191; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 98). Even as late as 1540 we have seen that payments for Aragon required special powers from the king (Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 107). To the last there were two secretaries, one for Castile and one for Aragon (Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 65-7). [428] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 53. [429] Ibidem, Lib. 5, fol. 21.
  • 41. [430] Salazar y Mendoza, Crónica del Cardenal Juan Tavera, p. 217 (Toledo, 1603). [431] Páramo, p. 150. [432] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 31, fol. 34. [433] Ibidem, Gracia y Justicia, Legajo 624, fol. 181. [434] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Registro de Genealogias, n. 916, fol. 66.
  • 42. [435] Ibidem, Lib. 5, fol. 29; Lib. 73, fol. 52, 100, 115, 142, 143, 144, 182, 193, 240, 315; Lib. 74, fol. 116. [436] Ibidem, Lib. 76, fol. 227, 235. [437] Ibidem, Libro 939, fol. 136; Sala 40, Libro 4, fol. 104, 115. [438] Arguello, fol. 27. [439] Cabrera, Relaciones, Append. p. 571. [440] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 31, fol. 34. [441] Libro XIII de Cartas (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [442] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4. Under Rocaberti, in 1696, there is still another formula “El exmo señor inquisidor-general con consulta de los señores del consejo.”—Ibidem, fol. 194. [443] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 136.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 320. [444] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10).—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 341. [445] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Pp. 28, §§ 58-88. [446] Tomás Sanchez, the supreme Spanish theologian, says “Licitum quoque est interrogare, non deprecative sed coactive, aliquam veritatem ad peculiariam Dei gloriam et astantium utilitatem quando adjurans prudenter judicaverit id expedire.... Ex levitate tamen et curiositate quadam res vanas et inutiles interrogare dæmonem in energumeno existentem est veniale propter actus imperfectionem.”—In Præcepta Decalogi Lib. II, cap. xlii, n. 24, 25. The offence of Villanueva consisted in enquiring about the future and believing the responses of the demons. This was divination, which infers denial of free-will and is therefore forbidden as heretical. This is well defined in the Edict of Faith of 1696, which restricts the offence to enquiries as to the future—“O si sabeis ... que alguna ó algunas personas ayan preguntado en los cuerpos endemoniados ó los espiritados ó lunáticos cosas por venir ocultas, preguntandolas á los demonios.” [447] S. Th. Aquinat. Summæ Sec. Sec. Q. XCV, Art. iv ad 1. “Aliud autem est inquirere aliquid a dæmone sponte occurrente; quod quandoque licet propter utilitatem aliorum, maxime quando divina virtute potest compelli ad vera dicenda.” [448] MSS. Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 225, Expediente 5278. [449] For most of the details of this case we are indebted to an anonymous memoir, evidently written by Folch de Cardona. It was largely circulated in MS. and finally was printed by Valladares, in 1788, under the title “Proceso criminal fulminado contra el Rmo P. M. Fray Froilan Díaz” and was followed by another
  • 43. volume of the same date “Criticos Documentos que sirven como de segunda parte al Proceso criminal etc.” Consultas by Cardona, in the name of the Suprema, are in the Bibl. national MSS., G, 61; D, 118. A review of the case from the Roman standpoint is in the library of Trinity College, Dublin, Class 3, Vol. 27. The decree of Nov. 3, 1704, is also in Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1465, fol. 74. [450] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 123, 134; Leg. 13, n. 2, fol. 13, 17, 54. [451] MSS. Trinity College, Dublin, loc. cit. [452] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. 5, fol. 137. [453] Bibl. nacional, MSS., G, 61, fol. 208. [454] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933, fol. 136. [455] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 936. [456] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 105. [457] Ibidem, Lib. 1; Lib. 933. [458] Ibidem, Lib. 78, fol. 114. [459] Ibidem, Lib. 78, fol. 235, 275. [460] MS. penes me. [461] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 191; Lib. 98, fol. 144. [462] Arguello, fol. 36. [463] Archivo de Simancas, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 20. [464] Ibidem, Libro 939, fol. 121. [465] MSS. of Library of University of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I. [466] Proceso contra Mari Vaez (MS. penes me). [467] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. VIII. [468] Ibidem, Yc, 20, T. III. [469] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Legajo 1157, fol. 153-55. [470] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 81, fol. 27. [471] MSS. of the Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 252.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 8, n. 2, fol. 533, 547, 553, 667; Leg. 9, n. 2. fol. 234; Leg. 12, n. 2, fol. 126; Leg. 11, n. 1, fol. 247, 278.—Archivo d Sala 39, Leg. 4, fol. 23.—Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 266, 274-5 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society).e Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442, Lib. 6, Lib. 10.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, [472] MSS. of the Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 185
  • 44. [473] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 18.— Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 559. [474] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 240, fol. 340. [475] Ibidem, Leg. 522. [476] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 34. [477] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 552, fol. 52. [478] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 580. [479] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 105. [480] Ibidem, fol. 89. [481] Ibidem, fol. 105.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 242. [482] Instrucciones Nuevas, § 5 (Arguello, fol. 28). [483] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, loc. cit. [484] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Pp. 28. [485] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Mm, 130. [486] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 890. [487] Ibidem. [488] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 552. [489] Proceso contra Margarita Altamira, fol. 198-99 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [490] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 890. [491] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 219. [492] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inquisicion, Lib. 621, fol. 165. [493] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 5, fol. 24. [494] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 99. [495] Ibidem, Lib. 77, fol. 354. [496] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 105. [497] Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 3137. [498] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 79, fol. 173. [499] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 135. [500] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 225, 313. [501] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 227; Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 20. [502] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 212. [503] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 7, 8, 9, 13, 19, 276, 277, 278; n. 3, fol. 142, 253, 259, 320, 323, 324, 332; Leg. 17, n. 10, fol. 47,
  • 45. 81, 99.—Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 11 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Soc.). [504] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 132.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 165, 166. [505] Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 84, 89, 114 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [506] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib 890; Lib. 4352. [507] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 5, fol. 15, 21. [508] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 397, 446; Lib. 940, fol. 84; Lib. 5, fol. 6, 16, 21. Cf. Lib. 9, fol. 27, 66, 192. For the settlement in 1502, see Lib. 2, fol. 35. [509] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 73, fol. 106, 107. [510] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 107, 110, 113, 114, 115, 118, 137, 139, etc.— Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Lib. VII de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 327; Ibidem, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 164. [511] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 184. [512] Ibidem, fol. 124, 226; Lib. 940, fol. 41, 43, 184. [513] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 177, 238; Leg. 14, n. 2, fol. 41. [514] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 940, fol. 43, 44. [515] Ibidem, Lib. 559. [516] Ibidem, Lib. 9, fol. 8. [517] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 78, fol. 192; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 169, 239. As a contribution to the life of one to whom all Spanish students owe a debt of gratitude, I print Zurita’s petition in the Appendix. He was probably well paid for his services; in 1542 there is an order on the receiver of Aragon to pay him an ayuda de costa, or gratuity, of 600 ducats (Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 42). There was a secretary of the Suprema, in 1519, named Gerónimo Zurita— probably an uncle of the historian (Arch. hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 371). [518] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 5, fol. 6, 16, 21. [519] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 150, p. 224. [520] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 30, fol. 647, 653. [521] Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 940, fol. 205. [522] Ibidem, Lib. 31, fol. 637.—These royal perquisites were quietly left unpaid until, in 1640, Philip in his distress suddenly remembered them and ordered the receiver to render a statement of the amount due to him, until the settlement of which no other payments were to be made. To this the Suprema replied that orders had been
  • 46. given for its immediate settlement. This was more easily said than done, for three months later it represented that it had responded liberally to his demands; it had paid 35,000 reales of the arrearages and hoped to increase the amount to 40,000 and begged to be forgiven the balance, but the king was obdurate.—Ibidem, Lib. 21, fol. 223, 231. The crown continued to share in these perquisites. In 1670, an order for paying luminarias on the accession of Clement IX, is headed by Carlos II for the amount of 114,240 mrs.—Ibidem, Leg. 1476, fol. 7. [523] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1480, fol. 1. [524] Ibidem, Lib. 21, fol. 252. [525] Ibidem, Leg. 1480, fol. 1, 10, 16. [526] Ibidem, Leg. 1476, fol. 7. [527] Ibidem, Leg. 1475, fol. 1, 2, 4, 19. [528] Ibidem, Leg. 1477, fol. 154. [529] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1477, fol. 45. [530] The vellon payments were 1940 reales for erecting the staging and 100 for stretching the awning. The items in silver were For the companies of players 516 reales. the authors of the autos 500 “ the keepers of the wardrobe 16 “ the dancers 48 “ three coaches for the players 24 “ Juan Rana 32 “ three alguaziles 32 “ Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1475, fol. 52. In 1665, to reduce expenses, Philip IV ordered that these autos should not be performed separately before each royal council, but collectively before them all in the plaza.—Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [531] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1477, fol. 95, 100. The items of the account are:— Rs.Mrs. 95 lbs. Genoese sweetmeats @ 10½ Rs. vellon 1008 32 Talavera dishes @ 5 cuartos 18 28 4 Baskets @ 7½ Rs. 30 6 Trays @ 2 12 4 Padlocks for the baskets @ 2½ 10 32 Glasses @ 9 cuartos 33 30 6 Venetian glasses for the members of the Council 34
  • 47. 2 Talavera plates 10 4 Double urinals with their covers @ 3 Rs. 12 30 lbs. of ordinary sweetmeats and biscuits for the attendants @ 5 Rs. 150 Porters to carry the sweetmeats to the houses of the officials and the utensils to Buen Retiro 15 Beverages:— 20 Azumbres (about 10 gallons) of lemonade Rs. Mrs. 10 lbs. of loaf sugar @3 Rs. 30 Lemons 6 1 oz. of scented lozenges 4 20 Azumbres of cinnamon water 15 lbs. of sugar 45 ½ lb. of cinnamon 20 Charcoal to boil it 5 1 oz. of scented lozenges 4 20 Azumbres of cherry water 15 lbs. of sugar 45 18 lbs. of cherries @ 6 cuartos 13 1 oz. of scented lozenges 4 10 Arrobas (250 lbs.) of snow for all the beverages @ 9 Rs. 90 1 “ sent from Retiro to keep the jars from melting 9 Rent of 14 garrafas (jars with ice-pails) @ 3½ Rs. 49 Cost of one of them broken 12 Rent of 3 small ones for the Council 3 3 pecks of salt to freeze the beverages @ 22 cuartos 10 17 2 porters for the snow and cooling-jars 10 8 do. to take them to Retiro and return 24 Labor of the official who renders the account 50 ————433 17 Ornamenting and furnishing the staging 300 2067 7 Apparently the utensils were a perquisite of the attendants as they seem to be furnished anew on each occasion. [532] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1477, fol. 106. [533] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122 (Modo de procesar, fol. 10-12); Ibidem, D, 150, fol. 1.—Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 9). [534] J. T. Medina, La Inquisicion en Cartagena, p. 266 (Santiago de Chile, 1899).
  • 48. [535] MSS. of Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 225, Expediente 5278. [536] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 31, fol. 637. [537] Ibidem, Lib. 21, fol. 231.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 150, p. 224. [538] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 240, fol. 360; Lib. 559.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 180.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 16, n. 9, fol. 7. [539] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Libro 10). This statement shows Reales.Mrs. Salaries of Suprema 337,274 28 The three larger propinas 157,290 The five smaller do. 73,836 32 Tablados (bull-fights) 21,000 Houses for officials 65,156 Nine luminaries 50,618 5 Salaries of Madrid tribunal 24,258 12 Maintenance of poor prisoners (estimated) 3,000 Sundry expenses of Suprema 30,000 Ayudas de costa and gratuities 8,000 To assist tribunal of Toledo and others 50,000 Taxes and incumbrances on property 17,500 837,934 9 [540] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1286, fol. 20; Leg. 1478, fol. 1-41, 61-87. [541] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 9, fol. 20; Leg. 17, n. 4, fol. 7; Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 173-258. [542] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [543] Llorente, Añales, I. 282. [544] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Registro 3684, fol. 68. [545] Such details as I have met with in regard to the establishment and discontinuance of the various tribunals will be found in the Appendix to Vol. I. [546] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [547] Ibidem. [548] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 447; Lib. 4, fol. 6; Lib. 5, fol. 19; Lib. 9, fol. 65. [549] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 395, 447. [550] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 216, 454, 455; Lib. 9, fol. 23, 34.
  • 49. [551] Ibidem, Leg. 1465, fol. 105. [552] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933; Lib. 75, fol. 25. [553] Ibidem, Legajo 787; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 220.—Lib. XIII de Cartas (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [554] Cabrera, Relaciones, p. 489. [555] Modo de Proceder, fol. 46 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [556] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 572. Cf. Arguello, fol. 21. [557] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 87, 92, 95. [558] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [559] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 568. [560] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 92, 94. [561] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Cartas de los Reyes Católicos, Leg. 2. [562] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 408. [563] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 102. [564] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 123, 166, 215, 240, 271; Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 29, 30, 33, 76. [565] MSS. of Library of University of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. 17.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 33, fol. 846, 847, 851; Lib. 35, fol. 509, 567. [566] Fueros y Actos de Corte, pp. 10-11 (Zaragoza, 1647). [567] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 67, fol. 155. [568] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 273. [569] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 35, fol. 106. [570] Ibidem, Leg. 1465, fol. 23. [571] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, p. 1, fol. 530, 533, 539, 547, 558, 560, 568; n. 2, fol. 210.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion de Corte, Leg. 359, fol. 3; Ibidem, Inquisicion, Lib. 21, fol. 162, 317. [572] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, No. 213, fol., pp. 114, 224. [573] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 50, fol. 82; Lib. 22, fol. 10; Leg. 1465, fol. 76.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, No. 213, fol., p. 114. [574] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 137. [575] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 35, fol. 249. [576] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 3, n. 7, fol. 40; Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 137; Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 243.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 146.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 300-1.
  • 50. [577] MSS. Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 225, Expediente 5278. [578] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 5, fol. 69; n. 6, fol. 23. [579] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10); Estado, Leg. 2843.— Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 155; Leg. 12, n. 2, fol. 128; Leg. 13, n. 2, fol. 180; Leg. 14, n. 1, fol. 133; n. 2, fol. 77. [580] Censo español en el año de 1787 (Madrid, Imprenta Real). [581] Proceso contra Rosa Conejos (MS. penes me). [582] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol. 31; Leg. 16, n. 6, fol. 34; n. 9, fol. 18; Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 4. [583] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 166, 260; Leg. 16, n. 9, fol. 34. [584] Instruccion que han de guardar los Comisarios. [585] As early as 1680 this is observable in the Toledo trial of Angela Pérez (MS. penes me). In 1728 it seems to be customary in Valencia (Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 390). I have even met with a case in which the commission was merely verbal (Ibidem, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 228, n. 28). [586] MSS. of Am. Philos. Society. [587] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 27, 46, 163. [588] Arguello, fol. 13. [589] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 76, fol. 394. [590] Ibidem, Inquisicion de Canarias, Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. 1, fol. 7, 844, 935-6. —Modo de Proceder, fol. 62 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [591] MSS. of Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Expediente 5270. [592] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [593] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 121, 122, 128, 148, 167. [594] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 3, n. 17, fol. 218, 225. [595] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 165, 166. [596] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 86, 99, 118, 128, 138. [597] Ibidem, Leg. 5, n. 1, fol. 100, 410, 414-17; Leg. 8, n. 1, fol. 15, 36, 39; Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 349, 357, 365; Leg. 11, n. 2, fol. 98, 99, 157, 216, 218, 296-8; Leg. 372; Leg. 383. [598] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17. [599] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [600] Archivo de Simancas, Registro de Genealogías, n. 916, fol. 74.
  • 51. [601] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 270, 278. [602] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p 327. [603] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 56, n. 22. [604] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 152, 157. [605] Arguello, fol. 13. [606] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 308. [607] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 394, 395, 412. [608] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [609] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 30, 60, 80, 89, 94, 157, 162, 211.—Ibidem, Lib. 7 de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 341.—Cf. Leg. 11, n. 1, fol. 93, 198-99, 226; n. 3, fol. 167; Leg. 12, n. 1, fol. 120, 129.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 56, n. 22. [610] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 19.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 184, 201. [611] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 33. [612] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 18. [613] Instrucciones de 1498, § 15 (Arguello, fol. 13).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion de Canarias, Expedientes de Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. 1, fol. 6. [614] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 76, fol. 227; Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2, 20. [615] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 28. [616] Ibidem, Lib. 73, fol. 84, 85, 183, 188, 201; Lib. 76, fol. 415; Lib. 933. [617] Ibidem, Lib. 77, fol. 169, 256. [618] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib 82, fol. 89; Lib. 939, fol. 64, 66; Lib. 941, fol. 20. [619] Ibidem, Lib. 78, fol. 272; Lib. 79, fol. 7, 239; Lib. 939, fol. 64. [620] Ibidem, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. único, fol. 28. [621] Ibidem, Lib. 1. [622] Arguello, fol. 22.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 140. [623] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1; Lib. 2, fol. 25. [624] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 22, 396; Lib. 5, fol. 14. [625] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 251, 316; Lib. 933. [626] Ibidem, Lib. 9, fol. 63.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Hacienda, Leg. 10. [627] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 940, fol. 44, 69.
  • 52. [628] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [629] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion de Canarias, Expedientes de Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. 1. [630] Modo de Proceder, fol. 60-1 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122).—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b fol. 301-2. [631] Proceso contra el Doctor Juan de la Camara (MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.). [632] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 36, fol. 263. [633] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 68. [634] Arguello, fol. 13.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 933.—Ibidem, Vistas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2. [635] Ibidem, Lib. 933; Lib. 942, fol. 21. [636] Modo de Proceder, fol. 62 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). (Occasionally, however, autos particulares in the audience-chamber were held with open doors.) [637] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 84, n. 30. [638] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 11, n. 3, fol. 110, 114. [639] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 552, fol. 37. [640] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 578. [641] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 137, n. 98; Leg. 138, n. 143; Leg. 150, n. 299. [642] Fueros de Aragon, fol. 133 (Zaragoza, 1624).—Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 3137. [643] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Registro 3684, fol. 92. [644] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [645] Actos de Corte del Reyno de Aragon, fol. 94 (Zaragoza, 1664).—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 102. [646] Boletin, XV, 449.—Cap. 2, Clementin. Lib. V, Tit. iii. [647] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 122. [648] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 572. [649] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 32; Lib. I de copias, fol. 5, 8.— Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 92. [650] Bulario, Lib. I, fol. 57; Lib. I de copias, fol. 11, 12. [651] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 10, 13, 15, 20, 23. [652] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 420. [653] Páramo, pp. 172, 189.
  • 53. [654] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17. [655] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 200, 255. [656] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 33, fol. 852. [657] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.—Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10)—A commission appointing an inquisitor will be found in the Appendix. [658] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 131; Lib. I de copias, fol. 26, 32, 35, 39, 118. Cf. Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, n. 473; Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 33, fol. 328. [659] Bulario, Lib. IV, fol. 137; Lib. V, fol. 117, 136, 138, 151, 199, 200, 251, 264, 295.—Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Leg. 629. [660] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 5, fol. 42, 68. [661] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 68.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [662] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 111, 159, 161; Lib. 939, fol. 62.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., Pp. 28.—Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 2843. [663] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 81.—Archivo de Alcalá, ubi sup.—Bibl. nacional, ubi sup. [664] Modo de Proceder, fol. 62 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [665] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 76, fol. 91. [666] Instrucciones de 1498, §§ 1, 12; de 1500, § 12 (Arguello, fol. 12, 13, 14). [667] Instrucciones de 1561, § 73 (Arguello, fol. 37). [668] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 146. [669] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 303, 304. [670] Ibidem.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 140. [671] Modo de Proceder, fol. 49-59 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [672] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 9. [673] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 5, 8, 9, 20. [674] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 225. [675] Ibidem, Lib. 942, fol. 61. [676] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 140. [677] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 1, fol. 379, 380; n. 2, fol. 88; Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 106, 418; Leg. 8, n. 1, fol. 218, 278, 389; n. 2, fol. 101, 118, 119, 127, 160, 269, 281; n. 2, fol. 380, 631, 635; Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 47, 179, 199,
  • 54. 324; n. 3, fol. 207, 341, 350, 393, 420; n. 2, fol. 9, 12, 132, 139, 164, 182, 187.— Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 6, 139, 143, 217, 224, 227 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Soc.). [678] Instrucciones de 1498, § 1 (Arguello, fol. 12).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 933; Lib. 939, fol. 63. [679] Ibidem, Lib. 45, fol. 210. [680] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 1, fol. 81, 110. [681] Instrucciones de 1498 (Arguello, fol. 22). [682] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [683] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 104, 111, 225. [684] Instrucciones de 1484, §§ 19, 20 (Arguello, fol. 7).—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 112, n. 74, fol. 15. [685] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 68.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 185.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 116. [686] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, loc. cit.—Bibl. nacional, loc. cit.— Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, No. 473. [687] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 271.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 184. [688] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 83. [689] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 124, n. 44. [690] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 186, 255. [691] Proceso contra Isabel de Montoya, Mexico, 1661, 1663, fol. 195, 211, 318, 328 (MS. penes me).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 890, fol. 17. [692] Matute y Luquin, Autos de fe de Córdoba, p. 135.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 112, n. 66, fol. 8.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1473. [693] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 68. [694] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 926, fol. 23. [695] Ibidem, Lib. 21, fol. 115.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 1.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 226. [696] Arguello, fol. 22. [697] Archivo hist. national, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 251. [698] Archivo hist. nac., Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2. fol. 33, 46, 61; Leg. 13, n. 3, fol. 42, 47.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 228. [699] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 92, 94.—Arguello, fol. 22.
  • 55. [700] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 438.—Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 2843. [701] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, n. 473. [702] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 83, fol. 16, 30. [703] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, n. 437. [704] Instrucciones de 1488, § 5; de 1498 (Arguello, fol. 11, 17).—Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 96.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 2, fol. 25. [705] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1465, fol. 105.—Matute y Luquin, Autos de fe de Córdoba, p. 137.—MSS. Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, Tomo 4, n. 50, 52.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion de Corte, Leg. 351, fol. 1. [706] Instrucciones de 1488, § 9 (Arguello, fol. 10).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 2, fol. 7; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 218. [707] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 124, 129, 148.— MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 110. [708] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 309, Cuentas, fol. 1, 4. [709] Autos y Acuerdos del Consejo, fol. 52, 53 (Madrid, 1649). [710] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 238.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 228, n. 18; Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 41, 111, 115, 205, 251; n. 3, fol. 140; Leg. 3, n. 7, fol. 103. [711] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1. [712] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 438. [713] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 110, 111, 118, 130. [714] See Appendix. [715] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 78, fol. 56; Leg. 1480, fol. 13. [716] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [717] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 89, 92, 94. [718] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 88. [719] Ibidem, Lib. 1. [720] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 230. [721] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 80.—Archivo de Alcalá, ubi sup. [722] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 447, 450. [723] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 79.
  • 56. [724] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 64. [725] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 123, 166. [726] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 12, n. 1, fol. 46, 48, 61, 108. [727] Ibidem, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 498; Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 217.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 942, fol. 64. [728] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 498. [729] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 169; Lib. 979, fol. 21, 25, 139.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., Ii, 16.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisition de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 10, n. 9, fol. 34. [730] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 146, n. 49. [731] Ibidem, D, 150, fol. 1. [732] Ibidem, Mm, 130. [733] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 410; Leg. 309, Cuentas, fol. 4; Leg. 371; Leg. 372. [734] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1479, 1480. [735] Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 20, 21, 26, 27, 28 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [736] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 578. [737] Arguello, fol. 22. [738] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1; Lib. 2, fol. 1, 15. [739] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 41, 42, 308. [740] Ibidem, fol. 397, 408, 418. [741] Ibidem, Libro 9, fol. 140, 194. [742] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 106, 107, 111, 116, 124. [743] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 227, 228, 233, 234, 237, 241, 247, 251, 253, 261, 263, 267. [744] Ibidem, Leg. 787; Leg. 552, fol. 43.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 1, fol. 41, 201, 274, 296, 407; n. 2, fol. 236, 290, 330. [745] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Leg. 1478, fol. 96; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 225, 247, 265.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 8, n. 2, fol. 19; Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 190, 232.—Lib. XIII, de Cartas fol. 85, 110, 122 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society). [746] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 26. [747] Vol. I, Appendix, p. 575.—Arguello, fol. 16.
  • 57. [748] Instrucciones de 1488, § 7 (Arguello, fol. 10). [749] Instrucciones de 1498, § 10 (Arguello, fol. 13). [750] Arguello, fol. 14. [751] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 262, n. 1; Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 299. [752] MSS. of the Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 233.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 939, fol. 137; Lib. 83, fol. 8. [753] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 197. [754] Ibidem, Lib. 933. [755] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 171, 218, 219. [756] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 292. [757] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 160; Lib. 926, fol. 287. [758] Ibidem, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2, 20. [759] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 23. [760] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 939, fol. 127. Llorente says (Hist. crít., cap. XIV, art. 3, n. 16) that, in consequence of the irregularity in the arrangement of the papers of a trial, the Suprema, March 22, 1531, ordered that care should be taken to avoid it in the future. This led the tribunals to write every act on a separate sheet and not to page them, so that matters could be introduced or taken out or altered at pleasure when submitting a case to a consulta de fe or the Suprema. He tells us that there was much of this in the prosecution of Carranza and that he had himself seen it done by order of Nubla and Cevallos, inquisitors of the Madrid tribunal. This all may be so, but the carta acordada of March 22, 1531 expressly orders that the folios shall be numbered (Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 939, fol. 137). The practice was not uniform. I have met with trials both numbered and unnumbered. [761] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 233. [762] Ibidem, p. 266. [763] Instrucciones de 1561, § 14 (Arguello, fol. 29). [764] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 1002; Registro de Solicitantes, A, 7, fol. 1.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 66, 100. [765] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 940, fol. 175. [766] Cartas del Filosofo rancio, I, 316 (Madrid, 1824). [767] Parets, Sucesos de Cataluña (Mem. hist. español, XX, 19).—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 11, n. 1, fol. 168.
  • 58. [768] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 136. [769] Arguello, fol. 27. [770] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 940, fol. 175, 176; Lib. 926, fol. 19. [771] Lorenzo Villanueva in “Discussion del Proyecto sobre la Inquisicion,” p. 449 (Cadiz, 1813). [772] Instrucciones de 1488, § 4 (Arguello, fol. 9). [773] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 158, n. 431, 435. [774] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 3. [775] Ibidem, fol. 420, 421. [776] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 70. [777] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 134. [778] Ibidem, fol. 208, 223, 252; Lib. 939, fol. 70.—Rojas de Hæret. P. 1, n. 434. [779] Modo de Proceder, fol. 17 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [780] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 498. [781] See Appendix. [782] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 3, fol. 29. [783] Ibidem, Lib. 78, fol. 168. [784] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 197. [785] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 299. [786] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2. [787] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 81. [788] Ibidem, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 20. [789] MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch. S, 130.—Actos de Corte del Reyno de Aragon, fol. 95. [790] Constitutions del Cort de 1599, cap. 26 (Barcelona, 1603).—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion de Barcelona, Córtes, Leg. 17, fol. 5. [791] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 81. [792] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 172, n. 53. [793] MSS. of Library of University of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. VI.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 120.—Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 6). [794] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 150.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 8, fol. 405. [795] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Pp, 28. [796] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 170; Leg. 2, n. 18.
  • 59. [797] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 559. [798] Cap. 2, Clement. Lib. V. Tit. iii. [799] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 147. [800] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 376. [801] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inq. Leg. único, fol. 38, 39. [802] Constitutions de la Cort de Monço en lany 1547 (Barcelona, 1548, fol. xxxv). [803] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 270; Lib. 926, fol. 33; Lib. 940, fol. 172; Lib. 941, fol. 12; Lib. 942, fol. 48; Leg. 1157, fol. 182.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 181. [804] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 203, 206, 208, 211. [805] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 216; Lib. 942, fol. 20, 23, 24. [806] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 172, n. 63.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 181. [807] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 20, fol. 338. [808] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 183. [809] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 9. [810] Bibl. nacional, MSS. Pp, 28.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 318b, pp. 181-8. [811] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 91, 291, 308; Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 217; Leg. 8, n. 1, fol. 1, 2, 6, 240, 241, 334, 431; n. 2, fol. 64, 209, 358; Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 5, 153; Leg. 11, n. 1, fol. 3, 4, 14, 15, 59, 121, 131; Leg. 14, n. 1, fol. 86, 87, 89, 92, 98, 103. [812] Modo de Procesar, fol. 3 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [813] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2. [814] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, fol. 182, 186. [815] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 688, fol. 45, 50, 56. [816] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5441 (Lib. 6). [817] Ibidem, Leg. 5442 (Lib. 10). [818] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 14, fol. 62, 63. [819] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 950.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisition de Valencia, Leg. 299.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., R, 128.—Modo de Proceder, fol. 7 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122). [820] MSS. Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, Tomo 4, n. 46.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 498.
  • 60. [821] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122, fol. 267; R, 128.—Matute y Luquin, Autos de fe de Córdoba, p. 155.—Olmo, Relacion del Auto general de la Fee, p. 19 (Madrid, 1680). [822] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 149.—Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Hispan, 79 fol. 29. [823] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 6, fol. 444. [824] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 559; Ibidem, Leg. 1473.—Cédulas etc. de Fernando VII, p. 317 (Valencia, 1814). [825] Amador de los Rios, III, 153. [826] I find this quoted textually in a memorial of Conversos to Philip IV (MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch. S, 130). No such synod is contained in the conciliar collections. [827] Taronji, Estado religioso de Mallorca, pp. 237-8 (Palma, 1877). [828] Hernando de Pulgar, Epist. XXX. [829] Archivio Vaticano, Registro 685 (Innoc. VIII).—Páramo, p. 139. [830] Ripoll Bullar. Ord. FF. Prædic. IV, 125. Cf. p. 590. [831] Instrucciones de 1488, § 11 (Arguello, fol. 10). [832] Nueva Recop., Lib. VIII, Tit. iii, leyes 3, 4.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 108. [833] Constitt. Collegii S. Ildefonsi, §§ 6, 7, 9, 36, 47, 48 (Gomesii de Rebus Gestis, Append.). [834] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 109. [835] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de copias, fol. 115. [836] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 112, n. 74, fol. 9. [837] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 404. [838] Colmeiro, Córtes de los Antiguos Reinos, II, 165. [839] Ripoll, VII, 131, 134. [840] Caietani Opusc. T. I, Tract. xxxi, Respons. 6. [841] Burriel, Vidas de los Arzobispos de Toledo (Bibl. nacional, MSS., Ff, 194, fol. 46-8). [842] Ripoll, IV, 566. [843] Ibidem, p. 608.—Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Lib. 939, fol. 142. [844] Nueva Recop. Lib. I, Tit. vii, ley 22. [845] Juan Gómez Bravo, Catálogo de los Obispos de Córdova, pp. 431, 435, 453, 513.
  • 61. [846] Burriel, op. cit. (Bibl. nacional, MSS., Ff, 194, fol. 2, 3). [847] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. I.—Cf. Aguirre, V, 495. [848] Salazar y Mendoza, Chronica de el Cardenal Don Juan Tavera, pp. 212, 214- 15 (Toledo, 1603). [849] Burriel, op. cit. (Bibl. nacional, MSS., Ff, 194, fol. 2-68). [850] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Q, 418. [851] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, p. 404. [852] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Libro 79, fol. 8.—Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 119. [853] Barrantes, Aparato para la historia de Extremadura, II, 181. [854] Döllinger, Beiträge zur politischen, kirchlichen u. Cultur-Geschichte, I, 640. [855] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 172.—Nueva Recop. Lib. IV, Tit. i, ley 18, cap. 2. [856] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 154. [857] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 33. [858] Ibidem, Lib. 922, fol. 15. [859] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 170, 171, 173; Lib. 79, fol. 30. [860] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 66; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 172, 203, 208, 215. [861] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 148. [862] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 267; Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 2, 20. [863] Danvila y Collado, Expulsion de los Moriscos, p. 169. [864] Archivo de Simancas, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 226. [865] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 226. [866] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 215; Lib. 939, fol. 148; Lib. 942, fol. 21. [867] Ibidem, Lib. 942, fol. 24; Lib. 939, fol. 141, 148. [868] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion, Canarias, Expedientes de Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. 3, fol. 11. [869] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 271. In spite of Philip’s prohibition, dispensations were not unknown. In 1615 the Suprema orders Valencia to give his commission to Don Juan Zanoguera and “que no le obstase ser descendiente de Judios.”—Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 11. [870] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 339. [871] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, p. 405.
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