Kick-­off workshop GLUES-WOCAT
27-­29 January 2015
WOCAT METHODS AND TOOLS 1
For knowledge sharing and decision support;
Book and videos
Hanspeter Liniger and Rima Mekdaschi Studer
Centre for Development and Environment, CDE, University of Bern
Table of Content
1.The WOCAT network: who?
2.Aim of WOCAT: for what?
3.The WOCAT products and tools:
what and how?
WOCAT stands for:
WORLD
OVERVIEW OF
CONSERVATION
TECHNOLOGIES
APPROACHES AND
«learn from those who have done it»
WOCAT Network
WOCAT was founded in 1992 as an informal global network of soil and water
conservation (SWC) specialists and was one of the first programmes to
promote SWC/SLM in response to land degradation.
4
DESIRE
LADA
Today:  over 60 partner institutions worldwide (e.g. Ministries, Universities, International and
UN organisations, NGOs)
 formalized network
 WOCAT primary recommended database for UNCCD reporting on SLM best
practices
WOCAT formalized Network
 reorganization 2014
 institutional anchoring
 open consortium
August 2014:
9 Consortium Partners signed
WOCAT International
Framework Agreement
Aim: Spread/ dissemination of SLM
• Promotion, awarness raising, networking and
sharing
• Mainstreaming within institutions (up-scaling)
• Knowledge management and evidence for
informed decision making
• Out-scaling and replication of good practices
7
To improve human well-being, secure ESS, and
protect the environment
Promotion, awareness raising,
networking and sharing
• Conferences, meetings, workshops, round
tables, CoPs, etc.
• WOCAT symposia and workshops
• Promotion material: brochures, flyers, posters,
etc.
• Videos (view at https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-
base/slm-videos/general-slm-videos/category/thematic-
video.html)
• Publications and peer reviewed papers
(knowledge products)
• WOCAT global databases for Ts, As, mapping
• In google earth
• Video book: tablet prototype 8
Awareness: On-site impacts & consequences
… dust storm Beijing
… river dolphin (BD)
… floods and droughts
… poverty, food security, conflicts, …
we are all affected!!!
Awareness raising:
on- and off-site benefits of SLM
Photos: H.P. Liniger
Source: WWF
10
The Flood
Saving cow…
11
Recognize SLM as key to…
• Food and Water Security
Food Security Biodiversity
Desertificatio
n
Climate Change
Water Scarcity
• DRR (floods and droughts)  Adaptation to CC/extremes
• all 3 UN Conventions:
Desertification, Climate Change and Biodiversity
Products
Books: online in different languages
Global / Regional: 4 National: 11
Peer reviewed papers e.g.:
Schwilch G. et al. 2011. Experiences in Monitoring and Assessment of
Sustainable Land Management. Land Degradation & Development 22: 214-225.
Integration of methods and scales:
> global, unified approach to the assessment and monitoring of SLM
> help the UNCCD and other UN environmental conventions to monitor progress
View at: https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/documentation-analysis.html;
http://issuu.com/wocat
In Google Earth…
Mainstreaming SLM within institutions
(up-scaling)
E.g. ministries, NARS, Universities, etc.
•Using common knowledge management
methods and tools for informed decision making
•Capacity building and training
•Fostering alliances and partnerships
•Link implementation, research and education
•‘Tailor made knowledge’: e.g. policy briefs
•Policies, bylaws, national and regional action
plans and strategies, investment frameworks,
14
At national level:
national soil strategy (South Africa)
national action plans (Philippines)
IWSM Policy Brief No. 1
Integrated watershed management in
Tajikistan
Reaching policy level
At international level:
e.g. through UNCCD, CBD, UNFCCC
CST contribution (proofing impacts/benefits)
Video and public presentations
through FAO, IFAD, WB/TerrAfrica
Impacts on Human Wellbeing
& Ecosystem Services
- qualitative/quantitative
- on- / offsite
Water, productivity, carbon,
biodiversity, costs/benefits …
Assessing
State, Response
Degradation
Conservation
Driver,
Pressure
e.g. Climate
Change
Photos: H.P. Liniger
In research, education and training
Results:
more data,
development of
methods,
capacity building, …
Knowledge management
Standardized tools for documentation, impact assessment,
evaluation and sharing of experiences
17
Questionnaires on SLM
technologies, approaches,
mapping Instructional videos:
messages from land
users
Database & query:
500 Ts and 250 As from 50 countries
LD and SLM maps from 20 countries
Photo: H.P. Liniger
1 Approach: government Afforestation for Yellow River basin,
supported by World Bank (PRC-GEF), …
What to implement?  Decision Support
4 Technologies4 Technologies
11
22
33
44
Where? Costs? Impacts? Food security?
Combatting desertification, reducing floods/ DRR?
Adapted to climate change?
• Part I – Identification:
Problems and possible solutions
Stakeholder Workshop: land users, technicians, local
politicians, …
• Part II – Assessment:
Document and evaluate existing solutions
(WOCAT database)
• Part III – Selection:
Select the most promising SLM
technologies and approaches
 Approach: Involvement of all stakeholders
Decision support method
Key: Case study documentation:
Questionnaires and Database
•comprises a SLM Approach and one or
more SLM Technologies,
•can cover any area from as little as one
farmer’s field to entire catchments or
districts.
20
Knowledge-base for decision support
Questionnaires on SLM
technologies, approaches, map
Documenting information from
and with land users
Documenting SLM knowledge at field level
Entering data in questionnaire
Entering data in database
Computer data entry form
Standardized documentation of experiences
Approaches
Technologies
23
What?
How?
Where?
Costs?
Benefits?
Impacts?
Technology: standardized 4 page summary
SLM Technologies
Natural and human environment
… economics
Impacts (on- / offsite)
28
Key question: vulnerability / resilience to climate variability and
extreme events?
 WOCAT climate change module
Strengths and weaknesses
30
SLM Technology (QT)
31
SLM Technology
Definition:
‘agronomic,
vegetative, structural
and/or management
measures that
prevent and control
land degradation
and enhance
productivity in the
field’
32
Illustrations / Photos
Compost production, and its application in planting pits (zai) by farmers
on fields near their homes.
Compost is produced in shallow pits, approximately 20 cm deep and 1.5 m by 3 m wide. During
November and December layers of chopped crop residues, animal dung and ash are heaped, as they
become available, up to 1.5 m high and watered.
QT p. 4
2.2.2.1 On which current land use type is the Technology applied?
Land use type(s) - subcategory(ies): agro-pastoral (usually one type, maximum two)
If land use has changed due to the implementation of the Technology, indicate land use
type before and after:
Original land use (before implementation of SLM
Technology): .......................................................................................................................................
.
Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology) (if relevant):
........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
2.2 Purpose and classification
QT p. 7
35
C: Cropland: land used for cultivation of crops,
including fallow (field crops, orchards):
• Ca: annual cropping
• Cp: perennial non-woody cropping
• Ct: perennial tree and shrub cropping
Land use types
G: Grazing land: land used for animal production:
• Ge: extensive grazing land
• Gi: intensive grazing land
F: Forests / woodlands: land used mainly for wood
production, other forest products, recreation, protection:
• Fn: natural
• Fp: plantations, afforestation
• Fo: other (e.g. selective cutting of natural forests and
incorporating planted species).
36
Land use types cont’d:
M: Mixed: mixture of land use types within the same
land unit:
• Mf: agroforestry (cropland and forest)
• Mp: agropastoralism (cropland and grazing land)
• Ma: agrosilvopastoralism (cropland, grazing land and
forest)
• Ms: silvopastoralism (forest and grazing land)
• Mo: other
O: Other land:
• Oi: mines and extractive industries,
• Os: settlements, roads, infrastructure network,
• Oo: others (wastelands, deserts, glaciers).
37
Ranking categories
2.2 Purpose and classification cont’d
A SLM Technology consists of one or more SLM measures
belonging to the following categories:
QT p. 8
1
2
1
38
Conservation / SLM measures
Liniger & Critchley /WOCAT2007+ Combinations
39
2.2 Purpose and classification cont’d
Ha: aridification 1
Pc: compaction 1
Wt: loss of topsoil 2
Cn: fertility decline and reduced OM 1
QT p. 9
40
• W: Soil erosion by
water
Land Degradation types
Source: WOCAT 2007
• E: Soil erosion by wind
• C: Chemical soil deterioration
• P: Physical soil deterioration
• B: Biological degradation
• H: Water degradation
2.7 Natural environment
• Average annual rainfall
• Agro-climatic zone
• Growing seasons per year
• Altitude
• Landforms
• Slopes
• Soil information - depth, texture, etc.
• Water information – availability, quality, etc.
• Biodiversity
QT p. 30-34
42
2.7.5 Adaptation to climate variability
QT p. 31
2.8 Human environment and land use
• Land users applying technology
• Population density
• Land ownership / Land use and water use
rights
• Significance of off-farm income
• Access to services and infrastructure
• Market orientation
• Cropping system, size, etc. of production
systems (e.g. cropland, grazing land)
QT p. 35-41
44
PART 3: Analysis
3.1 Impacts
QT p. 42
45
x
x
x
x
QT p. 48
46
QT p. 50
Possibility of doubling cereal yields in
normal years: any surplus production can
be sold
Produce enough good
compost/manure.
Ensures yields in dry years, giving security
against drought and hunger
The modest quantity of compost applied is
not enough to replace the nutrients
extracted by the crops in the long term
Small amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous
fertiliser need to be added and crop rotation
practiced.
47
SLM Approach
48
What?
How?
Decision making?
Approach: standardized 4 page summary
Incentives?
Benefits?
Impacts?
SLM Approaches
… participation and decision making
… incentives, credits, training, tenure, …
… organisation and support …
PART 3: Concluding statements
53
SLM Approach (QA)
54
A ‘SLM Approach’ - as defined by WOCAT:
A SLM Approach defines the ways and means
used to promote and implement a SLM
Technology and to support it in achieving more
sustainable soil and water use…
… including official projects/ programmes,
indigenous systems, or changes in a farmland use
system towards more sustainable land and water
use.
SLM Approach
55
PART 1: General Information
• Contributing SLM specialist(s) (1.1)
• Identification of SLM approach (1.2)
• Area Information (1.3)
1.2.4 Did the Approach concentrate / focus:
- on conservation only
- mainly on conservation with other activities
- mainly on other activities
Give keywords for the other
activities: .........................................................................
................
QA p. 1
56
Description, objectives and operation (2.1)
• Organogram/ organization chart/ flow chart (2.1.2)
PART 2: Specification
QA p. 4
57
2.1.5 Decision making
x
QA p. 8
58
Questions on gender / disadvantaged groups
x
Differences in participation between men and women: There were great differences – in the beginning at
least – when AFZ merely asked the men to ‘allow’ their wives to learn about composting. After two years, men
started to participate in the training and eventually as many of them as women began to make and use
compost. Another difference was in discussions, when men tended to dominate.
QA p. 11
How to register for WOCAT
view at
https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Methods/
WOCAT_registration_process_en.pdf
WOCAT website and databases
61
https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Methods/HowtoAccess_WOCAT_Database_en.pdf
https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Mixed/HowtoNavigate_WOCAT_Database.pdf
How to access and navigate the database?
62
Database: search and edit
View at https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-
base/technologiesapproaches/database.html
63
Videos: audio-visual messages
Overall objective
enhance existing WOCAT knowledge with video and new media for
knowledge sharing in SLM
Specific objectives
give voice to land users
audio-visualize local and scientific SLM knowledge (informative and authentic)
share SLM knowledge between land users, planners and global community
highlight dependency of land users within watersheds
show land users' adaptations to changing environment
link local improvements with global concerns
General SLM documentary videos cover a certain
topic in the field of SLM and can be used for
•national TV broadcast and national SLM documentaries
•conferences, events, trainings, etc.
•eco-docs
Instructional videos serve as audiovisual guide for the
implementation of SLM Technologies and Approaches
Short video clips on SLM Technologies and
Approaches comprising short statements by land users
regarding particular aspects of a SLM Technology or
Approach.
64
video sharing platform
link to the water channel
link to access agriculture
(https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/slm-videos.html)
Videos: audio-visual messages contn’d
The Flood Saving cow…
SLM documentaries
Audio-visual messages from experiences to broad public and
policy level
Aim
•raise awareness (we are all affected)
•support advocacy efforts for SLM
•broad dissemination and sharing of SLM knowledge
•link local to global levels
Documentaries:
Filming procedure in 6 steps:
• Step 1: develop key messages and specifiy
target group
• Step 2: develop storybord
• Step 3: narrative: gather all necessary
information as spoken words.
• Step 4: visualization: capture images to visualize
the narration, should be self-explanatory as
much as possible.
• Step 5: additional information/conclusion
• Step 6: B-roll footage: visual impressions, sound
tracks, …
66
67
SLM instructional video
https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-
base/slm-videos.html
Aim
•show the implementation of a in WOCAT documented SLM
practice from A to Z in +/- 10 minutes
•for possible replication by other land users
•… taking into consideration that local adaptations are needed
Audio-visual messages from land user to land user
SLM Instructional Video contn’d
Background Research and User Manual 2014
developed by WOCAT for IFAD; authors: Nicole Harari,
Hanspeter Liniger and Roman Droux
https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/videos/Instructional_Videos_Us
er_Manual.pdf
Instructional videos: in practice
Selection of SLM practices
Farm (-er) appraisal
Video structure, storyboard and interview
(+/- 10 minutes):
1) a short introduction: introduction of the land
user, contextualization and problem statement,
2) a main part: demonstration and explanations,
and
3) a short conclusion and closure.
https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/slm-videos.html
Storyboard
70
Draft Storyboard - SLM Technology
Scene
No.
Timeline Narrative Visualization
1_intro: contextualization and problem statement
1_1 00:00- 01:00 introduction of protagonist
location
natural environment and regional context
protagonist in his/her farm
wide angle shot of the area/farm and
environment
option: aerial images
1_2 challenges and difficulties faced land use problems overview and
details
2_ demonstration and main explanations: implementation and functionality of technology
2_1 01:00-07:00 reason(s) for technology adoption
source of idea/information
transformation achieved
land and water degradation
addressed (on- and off-site)
comparison plot with/without
technology
2_2 steps for implementation
The single work steps have to be clearly
divided in order to guarantee a thorough
understanding of the steps to be undertaken!
functionality and direct benefits
source of material
time and labour requested
costs
pitfalls
challenges and adaptations
step by step construction of
technology (close ups of material,
tools, steps of operation etc.)
2_3 Resilience -adaptation to climate variability
and change
pests
adaptation to extreme events, benefits for
disaster risk reduction
comparison with/without technology
demonstration of location where
technology prevented disaster
3_conclusion and closure: impacts, benefits and future
3_1 07:00-10:00 benefits achieved
local and regional impacts (up- and
downstream)
improvements/changes on the land,
harvest
3_2 present and future benefits for the livelihood farm, family, harvest
Draft Storyboard - SLM Approach
Scene
No.
Timeline Narrative Visualization
1_intro: contextualization and problem statement
1_1 00:00- 01:00 introduction of protagonist
introduction of approach
source of idea/information
location
natural environment and regional context
protagonist / involved stakeholders in
relevant environment (group meeting,
school etc.)
wide angle shot of the area
option: aerial images
1_2 reasons for implementation of approach
challenges and difficulties faced
land use problems addressed
2_ main explanations: functionality of approach
2_1 01:00-07:00 organizational set-up
involved stakeholders
strategies
costs
funding
challenges
Relevant locations e.g. office, training
centre, group meeting etc.
2_2 benefits comparison with/without approach
3_conclusion and closure: impacts, benefits and future
3_1 07:00-10:00 regional impacts (up- and downstream) area and environment, farms, land
users
3_2 benefits for the livelihood
future impacts
farms, families, harvest
serves as a guide for the whole team and includes all essential
details of the shooting process
Interview questions for guidance
71
Template Interview Questions - SLM Technology
1_intro: contextualization and problem statement
1_1 introduction protagonist and
area
What is your name?
Where are we?
What is the natural environment here?
1_2 degradation problems What are the problems of land and water degradation you face in your farm,
the village and in the region?
What are the causes?
2_ demonstration and main explanations: implementation and functionality of technology
2_1 SLM technology and
transformation
How do you call the technology you adopted here?
Why did you adopt it?
From where did you get the idea?
Did you get any training on how to implement it? Did anybody help you?
What are the objectives of the technology?
What is the difference between a plot, where the technology was applied
and one, where it wasn’t?
2_2 steps for implementation What are the single steps you undertake to implement the technology?
functionality Once the technology is fully established, how does it function?
benefits What are the direct benefits on your land? How has the vegetation, the soil
or the water quality and availability changed?
costs What are the total costs of implementation?
What are the costs for the material and those for labour?
Where are savings possible (e.g. by using cheaper material)?
Who paid for it?
pitfalls, challenges and
adaptations
What are some of the potential pitfalls and challenges?
What are your suggestions to avoid or address them?
What are possible adaptations in other areas/contexts?
2_3 resilience Does the technology help you to deal with variable rainfall, water stress,
hotter or colder years and pest infestations?
If yes, what are the benefits of the technology for your land and livelihood
during these events?
disasters How does the SLM practice function during unexpected weather events
(prolonged dry periods/droughts /heavy storms)?
What are the benefits of the SLM practice for your land and livelihood
during these events?
3_conclusion and closure: benefits, impacts and future
3_1 benefits and impacts What are the costs caused by land degradation? And what are the benefits
of the technology?
What are the benefits for your family and your family’s life?
Which is the impact of the technology on your neighbours, neighbouring
fields and villages?
Which are the benefits for them if you apply the practice?
3_2 future What are the benefits of the introduction of the practice for your livelihood?
What are the benefits for the future?
Template Interview Questions - SLM Approach
1_intro: contextualization and problem statement
1_1 introduction protagonist and
approach
What is your name?
Where are we?
What is the name of the approach?
When and how was it established?
1_2 degradation problems What is the purpose of the approach? Why was it implemented? What are
the degradation problems in this area?
2_ main explanations: functionality of approach
functionality How does the approach function?
Who is involved and how?
What are the costs?
Who pays for it?
What are the challenges?
What are the direct benefits of the approach?
3_conclusion and closure: benefits, impacts and future
3_1 regional impacts Which is the impact of the approach on neighbours, neighbouring villages
and communities? (spreading of the approach)
3_2 future What is the impact on the livelihoods of the involved stakeholders?
What is the impact in the future? Future plans?
Filming procedure in 4 steps
• Step 1: narrative, the focus is on the explanation,
the way of explaining, the use of simple wording
and short sentences. All necessary information is
gathered as spoken words.
• Step 2: visualization, the focus is on capturing all
necessary visual details for a successful
replication. Images should visualize the narration
and be self-explanatory as much as possible.
• Step 3: additional information/conclusion
• Step 4: B-roll footage
72
Key issues for each RPs?
• Why another book? Why videos?  what do I get out?
• Contribution to selected global issues: CC Mitigation
(Carbon, GHG); CC Adaptation (DRR, Water, Food security,
Biodiversity); Land use / cover change
• Selection of SLM Technologies and Approaches to be
documented contributing to selected global issues?
• Proofing (with facts figures, models, …) watershed and
landscape impacts (from on-site to offsite)? Comparing
different land management practices
• Showing synergies and trade-offs (multi-functionality)
• Role of research: e.g. value of modelling for decision support
• Aim: joint and useful product for outreach! (define Target
group)

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WOCAT GLUES QT and QA - Leipzig Jan.2015

  • 1. Kick-­off workshop GLUES-WOCAT 27-­29 January 2015 WOCAT METHODS AND TOOLS 1 For knowledge sharing and decision support; Book and videos Hanspeter Liniger and Rima Mekdaschi Studer Centre for Development and Environment, CDE, University of Bern
  • 2. Table of Content 1.The WOCAT network: who? 2.Aim of WOCAT: for what? 3.The WOCAT products and tools: what and how?
  • 3. WOCAT stands for: WORLD OVERVIEW OF CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES APPROACHES AND «learn from those who have done it»
  • 4. WOCAT Network WOCAT was founded in 1992 as an informal global network of soil and water conservation (SWC) specialists and was one of the first programmes to promote SWC/SLM in response to land degradation. 4 DESIRE LADA Today:  over 60 partner institutions worldwide (e.g. Ministries, Universities, International and UN organisations, NGOs)  formalized network  WOCAT primary recommended database for UNCCD reporting on SLM best practices
  • 5. WOCAT formalized Network  reorganization 2014  institutional anchoring  open consortium August 2014: 9 Consortium Partners signed WOCAT International Framework Agreement
  • 6. Aim: Spread/ dissemination of SLM • Promotion, awarness raising, networking and sharing • Mainstreaming within institutions (up-scaling) • Knowledge management and evidence for informed decision making • Out-scaling and replication of good practices 7 To improve human well-being, secure ESS, and protect the environment
  • 7. Promotion, awareness raising, networking and sharing • Conferences, meetings, workshops, round tables, CoPs, etc. • WOCAT symposia and workshops • Promotion material: brochures, flyers, posters, etc. • Videos (view at https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge- base/slm-videos/general-slm-videos/category/thematic- video.html) • Publications and peer reviewed papers (knowledge products) • WOCAT global databases for Ts, As, mapping • In google earth • Video book: tablet prototype 8
  • 8. Awareness: On-site impacts & consequences
  • 9. … dust storm Beijing … river dolphin (BD) … floods and droughts … poverty, food security, conflicts, … we are all affected!!! Awareness raising: on- and off-site benefits of SLM Photos: H.P. Liniger Source: WWF 10 The Flood Saving cow…
  • 10. 11 Recognize SLM as key to… • Food and Water Security Food Security Biodiversity Desertificatio n Climate Change Water Scarcity • DRR (floods and droughts)  Adaptation to CC/extremes • all 3 UN Conventions: Desertification, Climate Change and Biodiversity
  • 11. Products Books: online in different languages Global / Regional: 4 National: 11 Peer reviewed papers e.g.: Schwilch G. et al. 2011. Experiences in Monitoring and Assessment of Sustainable Land Management. Land Degradation & Development 22: 214-225. Integration of methods and scales: > global, unified approach to the assessment and monitoring of SLM > help the UNCCD and other UN environmental conventions to monitor progress View at: https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/documentation-analysis.html; http://issuu.com/wocat
  • 13. Mainstreaming SLM within institutions (up-scaling) E.g. ministries, NARS, Universities, etc. •Using common knowledge management methods and tools for informed decision making •Capacity building and training •Fostering alliances and partnerships •Link implementation, research and education •‘Tailor made knowledge’: e.g. policy briefs •Policies, bylaws, national and regional action plans and strategies, investment frameworks, 14
  • 14. At national level: national soil strategy (South Africa) national action plans (Philippines) IWSM Policy Brief No. 1 Integrated watershed management in Tajikistan Reaching policy level At international level: e.g. through UNCCD, CBD, UNFCCC CST contribution (proofing impacts/benefits) Video and public presentations through FAO, IFAD, WB/TerrAfrica
  • 15. Impacts on Human Wellbeing & Ecosystem Services - qualitative/quantitative - on- / offsite Water, productivity, carbon, biodiversity, costs/benefits … Assessing State, Response Degradation Conservation Driver, Pressure e.g. Climate Change Photos: H.P. Liniger In research, education and training Results: more data, development of methods, capacity building, …
  • 16. Knowledge management Standardized tools for documentation, impact assessment, evaluation and sharing of experiences 17 Questionnaires on SLM technologies, approaches, mapping Instructional videos: messages from land users Database & query: 500 Ts and 250 As from 50 countries LD and SLM maps from 20 countries
  • 17. Photo: H.P. Liniger 1 Approach: government Afforestation for Yellow River basin, supported by World Bank (PRC-GEF), … What to implement?  Decision Support 4 Technologies4 Technologies 11 22 33 44 Where? Costs? Impacts? Food security? Combatting desertification, reducing floods/ DRR? Adapted to climate change?
  • 18. • Part I – Identification: Problems and possible solutions Stakeholder Workshop: land users, technicians, local politicians, … • Part II – Assessment: Document and evaluate existing solutions (WOCAT database) • Part III – Selection: Select the most promising SLM technologies and approaches  Approach: Involvement of all stakeholders Decision support method
  • 19. Key: Case study documentation: Questionnaires and Database •comprises a SLM Approach and one or more SLM Technologies, •can cover any area from as little as one farmer’s field to entire catchments or districts. 20 Knowledge-base for decision support
  • 20. Questionnaires on SLM technologies, approaches, map Documenting information from and with land users Documenting SLM knowledge at field level Entering data in questionnaire Entering data in database Computer data entry form
  • 21. Standardized documentation of experiences Approaches Technologies
  • 24. Natural and human environment
  • 26. Impacts (on- / offsite)
  • 27. 28 Key question: vulnerability / resilience to climate variability and extreme events?  WOCAT climate change module
  • 30. 31 SLM Technology Definition: ‘agronomic, vegetative, structural and/or management measures that prevent and control land degradation and enhance productivity in the field’
  • 32. Compost production, and its application in planting pits (zai) by farmers on fields near their homes. Compost is produced in shallow pits, approximately 20 cm deep and 1.5 m by 3 m wide. During November and December layers of chopped crop residues, animal dung and ash are heaped, as they become available, up to 1.5 m high and watered. QT p. 4
  • 33. 2.2.2.1 On which current land use type is the Technology applied? Land use type(s) - subcategory(ies): agro-pastoral (usually one type, maximum two) If land use has changed due to the implementation of the Technology, indicate land use type before and after: Original land use (before implementation of SLM Technology): ....................................................................................................................................... . Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology) (if relevant): ........................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................. 2.2 Purpose and classification QT p. 7
  • 34. 35 C: Cropland: land used for cultivation of crops, including fallow (field crops, orchards): • Ca: annual cropping • Cp: perennial non-woody cropping • Ct: perennial tree and shrub cropping Land use types G: Grazing land: land used for animal production: • Ge: extensive grazing land • Gi: intensive grazing land F: Forests / woodlands: land used mainly for wood production, other forest products, recreation, protection: • Fn: natural • Fp: plantations, afforestation • Fo: other (e.g. selective cutting of natural forests and incorporating planted species).
  • 35. 36 Land use types cont’d: M: Mixed: mixture of land use types within the same land unit: • Mf: agroforestry (cropland and forest) • Mp: agropastoralism (cropland and grazing land) • Ma: agrosilvopastoralism (cropland, grazing land and forest) • Ms: silvopastoralism (forest and grazing land) • Mo: other O: Other land: • Oi: mines and extractive industries, • Os: settlements, roads, infrastructure network, • Oo: others (wastelands, deserts, glaciers).
  • 36. 37 Ranking categories 2.2 Purpose and classification cont’d A SLM Technology consists of one or more SLM measures belonging to the following categories: QT p. 8 1 2 1
  • 37. 38 Conservation / SLM measures Liniger & Critchley /WOCAT2007+ Combinations
  • 38. 39 2.2 Purpose and classification cont’d Ha: aridification 1 Pc: compaction 1 Wt: loss of topsoil 2 Cn: fertility decline and reduced OM 1 QT p. 9
  • 39. 40 • W: Soil erosion by water Land Degradation types Source: WOCAT 2007 • E: Soil erosion by wind • C: Chemical soil deterioration • P: Physical soil deterioration • B: Biological degradation • H: Water degradation
  • 40. 2.7 Natural environment • Average annual rainfall • Agro-climatic zone • Growing seasons per year • Altitude • Landforms • Slopes • Soil information - depth, texture, etc. • Water information – availability, quality, etc. • Biodiversity QT p. 30-34
  • 41. 42 2.7.5 Adaptation to climate variability QT p. 31
  • 42. 2.8 Human environment and land use • Land users applying technology • Population density • Land ownership / Land use and water use rights • Significance of off-farm income • Access to services and infrastructure • Market orientation • Cropping system, size, etc. of production systems (e.g. cropland, grazing land) QT p. 35-41
  • 43. 44 PART 3: Analysis 3.1 Impacts QT p. 42
  • 45. 46 QT p. 50 Possibility of doubling cereal yields in normal years: any surplus production can be sold Produce enough good compost/manure. Ensures yields in dry years, giving security against drought and hunger The modest quantity of compost applied is not enough to replace the nutrients extracted by the crops in the long term Small amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous fertiliser need to be added and crop rotation practiced.
  • 47. 48 What? How? Decision making? Approach: standardized 4 page summary Incentives? Benefits? Impacts?
  • 49. … participation and decision making … incentives, credits, training, tenure, …
  • 50. … organisation and support …
  • 51. PART 3: Concluding statements
  • 53. 54 A ‘SLM Approach’ - as defined by WOCAT: A SLM Approach defines the ways and means used to promote and implement a SLM Technology and to support it in achieving more sustainable soil and water use… … including official projects/ programmes, indigenous systems, or changes in a farmland use system towards more sustainable land and water use. SLM Approach
  • 54. 55 PART 1: General Information • Contributing SLM specialist(s) (1.1) • Identification of SLM approach (1.2) • Area Information (1.3) 1.2.4 Did the Approach concentrate / focus: - on conservation only - mainly on conservation with other activities - mainly on other activities Give keywords for the other activities: ......................................................................... ................ QA p. 1
  • 55. 56 Description, objectives and operation (2.1) • Organogram/ organization chart/ flow chart (2.1.2) PART 2: Specification QA p. 4
  • 57. 58 Questions on gender / disadvantaged groups x Differences in participation between men and women: There were great differences – in the beginning at least – when AFZ merely asked the men to ‘allow’ their wives to learn about composting. After two years, men started to participate in the training and eventually as many of them as women began to make and use compost. Another difference was in discussions, when men tended to dominate. QA p. 11
  • 58. How to register for WOCAT view at https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Methods/ WOCAT_registration_process_en.pdf WOCAT website and databases
  • 60. 62 Database: search and edit View at https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge- base/technologiesapproaches/database.html
  • 61. 63 Videos: audio-visual messages Overall objective enhance existing WOCAT knowledge with video and new media for knowledge sharing in SLM Specific objectives give voice to land users audio-visualize local and scientific SLM knowledge (informative and authentic) share SLM knowledge between land users, planners and global community highlight dependency of land users within watersheds show land users' adaptations to changing environment link local improvements with global concerns
  • 62. General SLM documentary videos cover a certain topic in the field of SLM and can be used for •national TV broadcast and national SLM documentaries •conferences, events, trainings, etc. •eco-docs Instructional videos serve as audiovisual guide for the implementation of SLM Technologies and Approaches Short video clips on SLM Technologies and Approaches comprising short statements by land users regarding particular aspects of a SLM Technology or Approach. 64 video sharing platform link to the water channel link to access agriculture (https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/slm-videos.html) Videos: audio-visual messages contn’d The Flood Saving cow…
  • 63. SLM documentaries Audio-visual messages from experiences to broad public and policy level Aim •raise awareness (we are all affected) •support advocacy efforts for SLM •broad dissemination and sharing of SLM knowledge •link local to global levels
  • 64. Documentaries: Filming procedure in 6 steps: • Step 1: develop key messages and specifiy target group • Step 2: develop storybord • Step 3: narrative: gather all necessary information as spoken words. • Step 4: visualization: capture images to visualize the narration, should be self-explanatory as much as possible. • Step 5: additional information/conclusion • Step 6: B-roll footage: visual impressions, sound tracks, … 66
  • 65. 67 SLM instructional video https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge- base/slm-videos.html Aim •show the implementation of a in WOCAT documented SLM practice from A to Z in +/- 10 minutes •for possible replication by other land users •… taking into consideration that local adaptations are needed Audio-visual messages from land user to land user
  • 66. SLM Instructional Video contn’d Background Research and User Manual 2014 developed by WOCAT for IFAD; authors: Nicole Harari, Hanspeter Liniger and Roman Droux https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/videos/Instructional_Videos_Us er_Manual.pdf
  • 67. Instructional videos: in practice Selection of SLM practices Farm (-er) appraisal Video structure, storyboard and interview (+/- 10 minutes): 1) a short introduction: introduction of the land user, contextualization and problem statement, 2) a main part: demonstration and explanations, and 3) a short conclusion and closure. https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/slm-videos.html
  • 68. Storyboard 70 Draft Storyboard - SLM Technology Scene No. Timeline Narrative Visualization 1_intro: contextualization and problem statement 1_1 00:00- 01:00 introduction of protagonist location natural environment and regional context protagonist in his/her farm wide angle shot of the area/farm and environment option: aerial images 1_2 challenges and difficulties faced land use problems overview and details 2_ demonstration and main explanations: implementation and functionality of technology 2_1 01:00-07:00 reason(s) for technology adoption source of idea/information transformation achieved land and water degradation addressed (on- and off-site) comparison plot with/without technology 2_2 steps for implementation The single work steps have to be clearly divided in order to guarantee a thorough understanding of the steps to be undertaken! functionality and direct benefits source of material time and labour requested costs pitfalls challenges and adaptations step by step construction of technology (close ups of material, tools, steps of operation etc.) 2_3 Resilience -adaptation to climate variability and change pests adaptation to extreme events, benefits for disaster risk reduction comparison with/without technology demonstration of location where technology prevented disaster 3_conclusion and closure: impacts, benefits and future 3_1 07:00-10:00 benefits achieved local and regional impacts (up- and downstream) improvements/changes on the land, harvest 3_2 present and future benefits for the livelihood farm, family, harvest Draft Storyboard - SLM Approach Scene No. Timeline Narrative Visualization 1_intro: contextualization and problem statement 1_1 00:00- 01:00 introduction of protagonist introduction of approach source of idea/information location natural environment and regional context protagonist / involved stakeholders in relevant environment (group meeting, school etc.) wide angle shot of the area option: aerial images 1_2 reasons for implementation of approach challenges and difficulties faced land use problems addressed 2_ main explanations: functionality of approach 2_1 01:00-07:00 organizational set-up involved stakeholders strategies costs funding challenges Relevant locations e.g. office, training centre, group meeting etc. 2_2 benefits comparison with/without approach 3_conclusion and closure: impacts, benefits and future 3_1 07:00-10:00 regional impacts (up- and downstream) area and environment, farms, land users 3_2 benefits for the livelihood future impacts farms, families, harvest serves as a guide for the whole team and includes all essential details of the shooting process
  • 69. Interview questions for guidance 71 Template Interview Questions - SLM Technology 1_intro: contextualization and problem statement 1_1 introduction protagonist and area What is your name? Where are we? What is the natural environment here? 1_2 degradation problems What are the problems of land and water degradation you face in your farm, the village and in the region? What are the causes? 2_ demonstration and main explanations: implementation and functionality of technology 2_1 SLM technology and transformation How do you call the technology you adopted here? Why did you adopt it? From where did you get the idea? Did you get any training on how to implement it? Did anybody help you? What are the objectives of the technology? What is the difference between a plot, where the technology was applied and one, where it wasn’t? 2_2 steps for implementation What are the single steps you undertake to implement the technology? functionality Once the technology is fully established, how does it function? benefits What are the direct benefits on your land? How has the vegetation, the soil or the water quality and availability changed? costs What are the total costs of implementation? What are the costs for the material and those for labour? Where are savings possible (e.g. by using cheaper material)? Who paid for it? pitfalls, challenges and adaptations What are some of the potential pitfalls and challenges? What are your suggestions to avoid or address them? What are possible adaptations in other areas/contexts? 2_3 resilience Does the technology help you to deal with variable rainfall, water stress, hotter or colder years and pest infestations? If yes, what are the benefits of the technology for your land and livelihood during these events? disasters How does the SLM practice function during unexpected weather events (prolonged dry periods/droughts /heavy storms)? What are the benefits of the SLM practice for your land and livelihood during these events? 3_conclusion and closure: benefits, impacts and future 3_1 benefits and impacts What are the costs caused by land degradation? And what are the benefits of the technology? What are the benefits for your family and your family’s life? Which is the impact of the technology on your neighbours, neighbouring fields and villages? Which are the benefits for them if you apply the practice? 3_2 future What are the benefits of the introduction of the practice for your livelihood? What are the benefits for the future? Template Interview Questions - SLM Approach 1_intro: contextualization and problem statement 1_1 introduction protagonist and approach What is your name? Where are we? What is the name of the approach? When and how was it established? 1_2 degradation problems What is the purpose of the approach? Why was it implemented? What are the degradation problems in this area? 2_ main explanations: functionality of approach functionality How does the approach function? Who is involved and how? What are the costs? Who pays for it? What are the challenges? What are the direct benefits of the approach? 3_conclusion and closure: benefits, impacts and future 3_1 regional impacts Which is the impact of the approach on neighbours, neighbouring villages and communities? (spreading of the approach) 3_2 future What is the impact on the livelihoods of the involved stakeholders? What is the impact in the future? Future plans?
  • 70. Filming procedure in 4 steps • Step 1: narrative, the focus is on the explanation, the way of explaining, the use of simple wording and short sentences. All necessary information is gathered as spoken words. • Step 2: visualization, the focus is on capturing all necessary visual details for a successful replication. Images should visualize the narration and be self-explanatory as much as possible. • Step 3: additional information/conclusion • Step 4: B-roll footage 72
  • 71. Key issues for each RPs? • Why another book? Why videos?  what do I get out? • Contribution to selected global issues: CC Mitigation (Carbon, GHG); CC Adaptation (DRR, Water, Food security, Biodiversity); Land use / cover change • Selection of SLM Technologies and Approaches to be documented contributing to selected global issues? • Proofing (with facts figures, models, …) watershed and landscape impacts (from on-site to offsite)? Comparing different land management practices • Showing synergies and trade-offs (multi-functionality) • Role of research: e.g. value of modelling for decision support • Aim: joint and useful product for outreach! (define Target group)

Editor's Notes

  • #12: Why is sustainable land management so important? SLM is the key for
  • #23: Like this 4 standardized 4 pages for each case study -> easy and quick to understand and compare!
  • #39: Repetition to Karl but with nice pictures and explanantions: This you should remember!!! And combinations All local water (and land management) options: great importance is the green water
  • #41: Soil Degradation: => Vorlesung K. Herweg