Safeguards and REDD+
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Safeguards are meant to minimize risks and improve outcomes of REDD+ programs. There is no standardized safeguard framework, and reconciling different institutional approaches is challenging. Specifically, United Nations agencies take a rights-based approach grounded in international law, while multilateral development banks have their own varying policies and procedures. For REDD+ safeguards to be effective, countries will need guidance on developing national systems that incorporate international obligations like the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and are consistent at sub-national levels, while increasing country ownership.
Safeguards and REDD+
- 1. Kristen Hite February 7, 2011
- 2. (a) Actions complement or are consistent with the objectives of national forest ( ) A ti l t i t t ith th bj ti f ti lf t Utilize national laws and systems that support programmes and relevant international conventions and agreements; (b) Transparent and effective national forest governance structures, takingare REDD, have good governance structures, and into account national legislation and sovereignty; consistent with i t i t t ith international obligations. ti l bli ti (c) Respect for the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples and members of local communities, by taking into account relevant international obligations, Respect the rights of indigenous peoples and local national circumstances and laws, and noting that the United Nations General communities and i iti d involve th l them i d i i in decision-making. ki Assembly has adopted the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; (d) The full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders, in particular, Comply with international obligations. indigenous peoples and local communities, in actions referred to in paragraphs 70 and 72 of this decision; (e) Actions are consistent with the conservation of natural forests and biological diversity, ensuring that actions referred to in paragraph 70 of this decision are not Don’t destroy biodiversity or ecosystems. used for the conversion of natural forests, but are instead used to incentivize the , protection and conservation of natural forests and their ecosystem services, and to enhance other social and environmental benefits; (f) Actions sure treesrisks of not cut down elsewhere. Make to address the are reversals; (g) Actions to reduce displacement of emissions. Source: COP 16 LCA Decision, ANNEX I, Paragraph 2
- 3. Safeguards protect against harm Photo source: http://img.thesun.co.uk/multi media/archive/00840/Roller- skating_682_840692a.jpg
- 4. Institutional policy/procedure to protect against social and environmental harm i t lh Identifies, evaluates, minimizes, minimizes and mitigates adverse impacts Focus on sustainable development—part of development dialogue
- 5. Safeguards help minimize risk and improve outcomes. International recognition of the need to respect standards. Demand for compliance is universal. Standards and rights help resolve conflicts. g p
- 6. ANTICIPATE –- AVOID –– MITIGATE Impacts need to include environmental, social, and human rights analyses analyses. Much of remaining forests is found in indigenous lands: respecting traditional g p g management gets a better outcome. Protecting biodiversity and ecosystems means less d f l deforestation and b tt outcomes. t ti d better t REDD requires special consideration of land and resource tenure and customary rights
- 7. UN-REDD: UN system requirements and UN- REDD guidance FIP: W ld B k P li i FIP World Bank Policies and P d Procedures + d other MDB policies and procedures FCPF: World Bank Policies and Procedures + international obligations Bilateral funds: international instruments, donor , and recipient national laws and policies National funds: international and national laws and policies d li i
- 8. UN REDD adopts a rights based approach to its UN-REDD rights-based activities. Applies UNDRIP Applies FPIC Applies UNDG Guidelines on Indigenous Peoples International obligations apply at different levels: International: human rights and other obligations National: human rights, UN-REDD guidance g , g Sub-national: States and private actors still have international obligations Lacks L k proscriptive policies and procedures. i ti li i d d
- 9. Convention on Biological Diversity C i Bi l i l Di i United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Universal Declaration on Human Rights International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights g International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ILO Convention 169 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions
- 10. Each MDB uses funds in accordance with its own policies, guidelines, and g procedures. Common “overlay” environmental and social criteria apply to all MDBs. WB is trustee and follows its own Operational P li i and P O i l Policies d Procedures. d Missing: a rights-based approach, no requirement f FPIC or UNDRIP i t for UNDRIP.
- 11. Requires compliance with the World Bank’s Operational Policies and Procedures Recognizes need for effective participation of Forest-Dependent Indigenous Peoples and p g p Forest Dwellers Respects rights of indigenous peoples and forest dependent forest-dependent communities under national laws and international obligations. World Bank Staff have consistently affirmed that all safeguards apply to FCPF activities including at activities, last year’s dialogue. Missing: no FPIC requirement, WB policies inconsistent with UNDRIP UNDRIP.
- 12. 4.01 Environmental Assessment 4.04 Natural Habitats 4 04 N l H bi 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement 4.15 Poverty Reduction 4.20 4 20 Indigenous People 4.36 Forests 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas 11.03 11 03 Cultural Property 13.05 Project Supervision Find the policies here: http://go.worldbank.org/3GLI3EECP0 NOTE: Application of these procedures to specific WB activities may depend upon the type of support involved. For example, if this is investment lending, they do apply, as per OP 4.10. NOTE 2: World Bank operational policies and procedures do not address land tenure in a comprehensive manner.
- 13. Opportunity: common approach for REDD safeguards Challenge: reconciling g g approaches of Bretton Woods institutions (p (proscriptive do-no-harm p economic development) and UN institutions (rights-based principles for sustainable development) Pressure to both move q quickly and g it right. y get g
- 14. g No standardized “safeguard” framework Institutional policies can be difficult to harmonize UN: rights-based approach MDBs: varying policies and procedures Incorporating UNFCCC UNDRIP and CBD UNFCCC, UNDRIP, Consistency at national level while increasing country ownership. Means of recourse/accountability vary UNFCCC: guidance to be developed g p
- 15. Sequencing: agree on rules FIRST (including safeguards) to ensure effective outcome. UNFCCC SBSTA safeguards guidance: national level systems World Bank is revising its safeguards CBD safeguards under development Land and resource tenure: who has the right to a tree? To the carbon? Managing conflict: accountability and Redress
- 16. Rights-based approach with proscriptive policies and procedures Fully considers both social and environmental impacts Coherent with international obligations, including UNDRIP Protect biodiversity and ecosystems Participatory decision-making processes, including FPIC Robust information disclosure + transparency Accessible recourse mechanism