Environmental conventions and protocols

ENVIRONMENTAL CONVENTIONS AND PROTOCOLS
GLOBAL CONTEXT
- ARGHYADEEP SAHA
ADAMAS UNIVERSITY, KOLKATA -700126, IN

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Scope :
• Introduction to the Terms.
• Contrast between the Terms.
• Principal Global initiatives and Participations.
• Significance.
• Results.
• Core locations.
• Implementing Organisations.
• Major Conventions and;
• Major Protocols.

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Introduction to the Terms :
Conventions are treaties or agreements between countries. Conventions may be of a general or
specific. Environmental Conventions addressing problems – primarily wildlife and marine issues.
Protocol is one of the ways in which a convention can be modified. The amendments by protocols are
not binding on all the states that have ratified the original convention.

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Contrast between the Terms :
• A convention is formal agreement between states and is usually an instrument negotiated
under an international organization.
Where As,
A protocol is one of the ways in which a convention can be modified.
• Shipping has many conventions that were negotiated under International Maritime
organization (IMO).
Where As,
There is a significant change to the original convention.

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Principal Global initiatives and Participations :
• Global Initiatives –
PROVIA: CLIMATE SCIENCE FOR ADAPTATION POLICY
- To advance policy‐relevant research on vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation
related to climate change.
- To coordinate and facilitate the dissemination and practical application of this
research for the benefit and value of society.

• Global Initiatives – (PROVIA: CLIMATE SCIENCE FOR ADAPTATION POLICY)
- Adaptation and Resilience : Integrate climate change into national policies and development strategies.
- Climate and Clean Air Coalition : Improve air quality and protecting the climate.
- Climate finance : Local, national or transnational financing.
- Climate Technology Centre and Network : Accelerated transfer of environmentally sound technologies for low-carbon and
climate-resilient development.
- Mitigation : Transition to renewable energy sources, adopt energy efficiency measures, reduce air pollution, and access
clean energy finance.
- REDD+ (Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) : Reduce emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation.
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• Participation –
- In December 2009, in thirty-eight countries around the world, 4,000 ordinary
citizens gathered to discuss the future of climate policy. The first-ever global
democratic deliberation – an attempt to enable ordinary people to reach
informed decisions on and impact the global policy process.
- Important themes for participatory approaches from the local to the global.
• The role;
• Participant;
• Engaging;
• Capacity building;
• Argumentation analysis;

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Significance :
• Enhance environmental management.
• Take action to prevent global warming.
• Promote the efficient use of resources towards the formation of
a recycling-based society.
• Manage and reduce environmentally hazardous substances.
• Develop environmentally friendly products.

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Results :
Source : Yazaki Corporation Social & Environmental Report 2015
Chemical substance related laws and regulations in each region around the world.

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Results :
Reduction of emissions : Reduction of water consumption :

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Results :
Reduction of CO2 emissions at business locations :

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Core Locations :
• Climate resilience – Supporting countries in using ecosystem-based approaches.
• Low-emission growth – Supporting countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• REDD+ – Enabling countries to seize investment opportunities.
• Risk reduction – Improving countries’ ability to use environmental management to prevent and reduce the risks of natural hazards,
industrial disasters and conflict.
• Response and recovery – Supporting countries in the aftermath of a disaster or conflict to identify and address environmental risks
that could have serious social and economic impacts.
• The Enabling Environment – Incorporating the value and the long-term function of ecosystems in planning.
• The productivity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems – Use an ecosystem approach to managing terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
• The productivity of marine ecosystems – an ecosystem approach in marine ecosystem management.

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Core Locations :
• Chemicals – To implement sound chemicals management.
• Waste – Implement sound waste management.
• Sectors and supply – Enhancing the ability of governments, businesses and other parties to adopt sustainable consumption and
production practices in key sectors across global supply chains.
• Lifestyles and consumption – Enhancing the ability of countries, businesses, civil society and individual consumers to make informed
choices for sustainable consumption and lifestyles.
• Early warning – Enabling better policy planning that incorporates information on emerging environmental issues.

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Core Locations :

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Implementing Organisations :

Major Conventions :
Ramsar Convention
• It is called the
Convention on
Wetlands
• It came into force
in 1975.
CITES
• It is a convention on
International Trade in
Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora
• It came into force in
1975.
Bonn Convention
• It is a Convention on
the Conservation of
Migratory Species of
Wild Animals.
1983.
Vienna Convention
• It is a convention
for the Protection
of Ozone Layer.
1988.
Basel Convention
on the Control of
Transboundary
Movements of
Hazardous Wastes
and their Disposal.
in 1992.
1971 1973 1979 1985
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171 Nations as of
October 2019.
183 Nations as of
October 2016.
131 Nations as of
September 2020.
116 Nations as of
January 2018.
1989
187 Nations as of
October 2018.

Major Conventions :
Convention on
Biological Diversity
(CBD)
for the
conservation of
biological
diversity.
in 1993.
United Nations
Framework Convention
on Climate Change
• International
environmental treaty
governing actions to
combat climate change
through adaptation
and mitigation efforts
directed at control of
emission of
Greenhouse Gases.
UNCCD
• It is a United Nations
Convention to Combat
Desertification.
1996.
Rotterdam Convention
• It is an international
environmental
convention on Prior
Informed Consent
(PIC) Procedure for
Certain Hazardous
Chemicals and
Pesticides in
International Trade.
2004.
Stockholm
Convention
on Persistent
Organic Pollutants
(POPs)
2004.
1992 1992 1994 1998
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195 Nations as of
2016.
197 Nations as of
December 2015.
197 Nations as of
September 2019.
161 Nations as of
October 2018.
2001
184 Nations as of
September 2019.

Major Conventions :
Minamata Convention
• It is an international
environmental treaty
intended to protect
health and the
environment from
the adverse effects of
mercury.
2017.
2013 1992 2013 1998
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119 Nations as of
October 2018.
2001

It is an international
environment protocol on
substances that deplete the
Ozone Layer.
Montreal Protocol
1987
It is an international protocol
to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
Kyoto Protocol
1997
Nagoya Protocol
2010
MVC Launches on
all Markets
Q4
20YY
Final
Subscribers
500 Subs
Major Protocols :
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Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
2000
It is an international
environmental protocol on
Biosafety to the Convention on
Biological Diversity.
Access to Genetic Resources and
the Fair and Equitable
Sharing of Benefits Arising from
their Utilization to the
Convention on Biological
Diversity.

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Bibliography –
Reference web supplementary materials and resources –
• Conventions and Protocols | UNECE
• UNEP
• Environmental Conventions and Protocols
• Yazaki Corporation Social & Environmental Report 2015

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