Working principle of a hard disk controller

Working principle of hard disk
controller
Name: Marajul islam
Student ID: 16CSE038

What is a
controller ?
A device that controls the transfer of data from
a computer to a peripheral device For example,
disk drives, display screens, keyboards, and
printers all require controllers.
In personal computers, the controllers are
often single chips. When you buy a computer, it
comes with all the necessary controllers.
If we attach additional devices we may need to
insert new controllers that come on expansion
cards

Disk
controller
The disk controller is the circuit which allows
the CPU to communicate with a hard disk
Early disk controllers were identified by their
storage methods and data encoding. They
were typically implemented on a separate
controller card.
Modern disk controllers are integrated into
the disk drive. The interface between the
computer and hard disk is called a host
adapter.

An HDD is a data storage device that lives
inside the computer.
Main components for Hard disk drive
Disk platter motor
Spindle motor
Read and write head
Hard Disk Drive

An HDD is a data storage device that lives
inside the computer.
Hard Disk Drive

Working principle of a hard disk controller

DISK PLATTER
•The platter is made up of a
magnetic material, in the
flat disk part of the drive.
•data stored in the platter.
•Each set of magnetic
particles is collection a unit
called a bit.

• The heads read and write the information to the drive platter.
• The head writes magnetic information on the platter.
• HEAD ARM Used for read and write operations.
• Disk structures
1. Track
2. sector
3. Cylinder
4. Storage capacity
READ AND WRITE HEAD

Partition for
HDC
1.Primary Partition: Windows operating systems must be
located in a primary partition.Only primary partitions can be
used to boot the operating system.
2.Extended Partition: A hard disk may contain only one
extended partition. the extended partition can be subdivided
into multiple logical partitions (Other than OS is a Extended
Partition).
3.Logical Partition: Linux operating systems can be installed
into (and run from) logical partitions.
4.Active Partition :Only one partition on a computer can be
set as an active partition or bootable partition .For example,
if we are using Microsoft Windows the partition that contains
Windows is the active partition.

Host adapter
In computer hardware, a
host adapter or host bus
adapter (HBA) connects a
host system (the
computer) to other
network and storage
devices such as Fibre
Channel.

Types of hard disk controllers
The most common types
in use are IDE, Serial
ATA, and
SCSI(controllers)
SCSI (Small Computer
System Interface) which
is mainly used on servers
and in industry.
IDE is standard interface
for IBM computers.
Most home personal
computers use an IDE or
Serial ATA interface.
network file servers
mostly have SCSI

Integrated Drive
Electronics(IDE)
• Integrated Drive Electronics A type of
hardware interface widely used to
connect hard disks, and optical disks to
a PC.
• A standard interface for connecting a
motherboard to storage devices such as
hard drives and CD-ROM/DVD drives

ATA
• AT Attachment (ATA) is a standard interface for connecting storage devices
such as hard disks and CD-ROM drives inside personal computers.
• Serial ATA is a computer bus technology designed for transfer of data to and
from hard disks and optical drives.

Small Computer System Interface
• Is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between
computers and peripheral devices.
• SCSI is most commonly used for hard disks, but it can connect a wide range of
other devices, including scanners, printers, and optical drives etc.

Controllers used in lab :G3.32
Standard floppy disk controller
Intel Bus Master IDE Controller
Primary IDE Channel [Controller]
Secondary IDE Channel [Controller]

Working principle of a hard disk controller

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