World Civ Project!
- 1. World Civ Project!By: Neil Jones
- 2. Crusades#1-Why did the crusades begin?????? -The Crusades was a helping hand from Pope urban 2 to Emporer Alexus in constatinople. He was wanting an elite group of mercenaries but got peaseants and towns people.
- 3. Crusades1a-What was so important about Jerusalem? –It was the holy land for both Christians and Muslims and very important.1b-Who was in control of Jerusalem at the end of the 11th century? –the muslims1c-What did Pope Urban 2 have to do with the First Crusade? – he ordered the army
- 4. crusades2-Explain the Relationship between Urban 2 and Emporer Alexis 1st- the were allies and Alexius sent reinforcements to Urban.2a-Why would Urban 2 agree to help Alexius?- muslim armies had conquered most of northern Africa, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, and Spain
- 5. Crusades3-When the Crusades arrived outside on Constantinople, why was Emporer Alexius 1st furious? -he was expecting elite mercenaries and instead he got peasants and towns people. Most of them riddles with pestilence.What was he expecting to receive when he called for aid from Urban 2?-elite mercenaries
- 6. CrusadesWhat did Alexius finally do?- he let Pope urban 2 keep any of the lands they conquerWhy did the Crusaders want to seize Antiocch prior to moving on toward Jerusalem?-it was in a good location and a major staging ground against Jerusalem
- 7. Crusadesad·mon·ish 1 a : to indicate duties or obligations to b : to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner-These were used to assign certain units certain duties in combat.
- 8. Crusadesar·du·ous- a: hard to accomplish or achieve : difficult b: marked by great labor or effort : strenuousThe crusades themselves were long and arduous talsks, crossing such long distances.
- 9. Crusadesbe·reft deprived or robbed of the possession or use of somethingMost of the crusaders would rob the possesions of the local towns people.
- 10. crusadesca·lam·i·tous being, causing, or accompanied by calamitySomething bothersome or annoying usually like disease and exhaustion.
- 11. crusadescog·ni·zant knowledgeable of something especially through personal experience; also : mindfulMost of the first crusaders were not warriors but townspeople.
- 12. crusadesem·pa·thet·ic involving, characterized by, or based on empathyMost were not empathetic as they slaughtered women and children
- 13. crusadesin·so·lence the quality or state of being insolentSome people didn’t agree with all the things that were asked of them but had to do it.
- 14. crusadesjo·cund marked by or suggestive of high spirits and lively mirthfulness The crusaders had high spirits as they marched into the holy land.
- 15. Crusadersme·an·der a winding path or course; especially : labyrinthSome of the castles had labyrinths and mazes.
- 16. crusadespes·ti·lence a contagious or infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating; especially:bubonic plague
- 17. crusadesre·ver·ber·ate : to become driven back b : to become reflectedSome of the attacks made at jerusalem were reflected back at the attackers either by sheilds or some sort of protection.
- 18. crusadesseize: to vest ownership of a freehold estate in boften seise: to put in possession of something Urban 2 told alexius that they would seize any lands they conquered.
- 19. crusadeszeal eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something : fervorThe zeal to reclaim the holy land from the muslims was enough to walk those thousands of miles
- 20. Facts about crusadesFought over a period of over 200 yearsDifferent campaigns lasted until about the 15th centuryFought mainly against the muslims but also fought against pagan Slavs, Jews, Russian and Greek Orthodox Christians, Mongols, Cathars, Hussites, Waldensians, Old Prussians, and political enemies of the popes
- 21. factsCrusaders took vows against their sins and thought they had forgiveness for the killings at the crusades.The sixth crusade was the first crusade to set sail without the official blessing from the popeThe ninth crusade marked the end of the crusades
- 22. factsThe muslim presence in the holy land was first initiated by the capture of palestineThe presence of the muslims put pressure on the bysantine empireAnother action that incresed pressure was the ordered destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
- 23. factsIn 1039 after requiring large sums be paid for the right, permitted the Byzantine Empire to rebuild itPilgrimages were allowed to the Holy Lands before and after the Sepulchre was rebuiltFor a time pilgrims were captured and some of the clergy were killed
- 24. factsThe muslims realized that the wealth of Jerusalem came from their pilgrims and allowed them back into the city.In 1063, pope alexander 2, had given his blessing to Iberian Christians in their wars against the Muslims
- 25. factsA crusader would, after pronouncing a solemn vow, receive a cross from the hands of the pope and was thenceforth considered a "soldier of the Church". The remission of sin was a driving factor and provided any God-fearing man who had committed sins with an irresistible way out of eternal damnation in hell
- 26. factsMost believed that by retaking Jerusalem they would go straight to heaven after deathThe Jews and Muslims fought together to defend Jerusalem against the invading Franks. They were unsuccessful though and on 15 July 1099 the crusaders entered the city.They proceeded to massacre the remaining Jewish and Muslim civilians and pillaged or destroyed mosques and the city itself
- 27. factsThe Crusaders also tried to gain control of the city of Tyre, but were defeated by the Muslims. After gaining control of Jerusalem the Crusaders created four Crusader states: the kingdom of Jerusalem, the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch and the County of Tripoli
- 28. factsCrusade of 1101Following this crusade there was a second, less successful wave of crusaders, in which Turks led by Kilij Arslan defeated the Crusaders in three separate battles in a well-managed response to the First Crusade
- 29. factsNorwegian Crusade 1107-1110Sigurd 1 of Norway was the first European king who went on a crusade and defeated Muslims in Spain, the Baleares, and in Palestine After a period of relative peace in which Christians and Muslims co-existed in the Holy Land, Muslims conquered the town of Edessa
- 30. factsFrench and South German armies, under the command of Kings Louis VII and Conrad III respectively, marched to Jerusalem in 1147 but failed to win any major victoriesOn the other side of the Mediterranean, the Second Crusade met with great success as a group of Northern European Crusaders stopped in Portugal and allies with the king.
- 31. factsIn 1187, Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, conquered Jerusalem after nearly a century under Christian rule, following the Battle of HattinAfter the Christians surrendered the city, Saladin spared the civilians and for the most part left churches and shrines untouched to be able to collect ransom money from the Franks