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Wroxs Sql Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George
Wroxs Sql Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George
Wrox’s SQL Server™ 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit
Wroxs Sql Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George
Wrox’s SQL Server™ 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George and Lance Delano
Wrox’s SQL Server™ 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2006 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN-13: 978-0-7645-8923-2 ISBN-10: 0-7645-8923-7 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1B/SR/RS/QV/IN Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data George, Rajesh, 1974- Wrox’s SQL server 2005 : express edition starter kit / Rajesh George and Lance Delano. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7645-8923-2 (paper/CD-ROM+online) ISBN-10: 0-7645-8923-7 (paper/CD-ROM+online) 1. SQL server. 2. Client/server computing. 3. Database management. I. Delano, Lance, 1957- . II. Title. QA76.9.C55G46 2005 005.2’768--dc22 2005025426 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as per- mitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355 or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HERE- FROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITA- TION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, Wrox, the Wrox logo, Programmer to Programmer, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. SQL Server is a trademark of Microsoft Corpo- ration in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective own- ers. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.“Microsoft” is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries and is used by Wiley Publishing, Inc. under license from owner. [Wrox’s SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit] is an independent publication not affiliated with Microsoft Corporation.” Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
About the Authors Rajesh George is one of the founders of the SQL Server Express project within Microsoft, and has been involved in many of the key design decisions. He worked as a program manager on the SQL Server team responsible for various functionalities in SQL Server Express, MSDE, and SQL Data Access layers. He has spoken at several conferences and has authored the SQL Server Express Overview white paper on Microsoft.com. With prior software development experience in the Windows team at Microsoft as well as companies such as Nortel Networks and Netscape, he is currently a development manager at Amazon.com. Rajesh holds a Masters in Computer Science from Mississippi State University and MBA from University of Washington. You can reach him directly at contactgeorger@yahoo.com. Lance Delano is a lead program manager in Visual Studio. Lance has an extensive background in database tools including database design and query tools. He is heavily involved in the customer research, proposals, specification, and program management of SQL Server Express.
Wroxs Sql Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George
Credits Executive Editor Robert Elliott Development Editor Sara Shlaer Technical Editor Andrew Watt Production Editor Felicia Robinson Copy Editor Kathryn Duggan Editorial Manager Mary Beth Wakefield Production Manager Tim Tate Vice President & Executive Group Publisher Richard Swadley Vice President and Executive Publisher Joseph B. Wikert Project Coordinator Ryan Steffen Graphics and Production Specialists Jonelle Burns Carrie Foster Laura Goddard Mary Gillot Virgin Lynsey Osborn Alicia B. South Quality Control Technician Jessica Kramer Proofreading and Indexing TECHBOOKS Production Services
Wroxs Sql Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George
To my mother,Valsa George. Her determination and sacrifice remains an inspiration. —Rajesh George Thanks Natalie, and thanks kids, for the sacrifice you made so I could write this book. Now, let’s go camping. —Lance Delano
Wroxs Sql Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George
Contents Acknowledgments xvii Introduction xix Who Should Read This Book xix What This Book Covers xix How This Book Is Structured xx Introduction to Concepts xx Rich Database Applications Development with SQL Server 2005 Express xxi Setup and Deployment xxi Developing Multi-User Applications xxii Appendix xxii What’s on the CD-ROM? xxii Conventions xxiii Source Code xxiii Errata xvi p2p.wrox.com xvi Part I: Introduction and Concepts 1 Chapter 1: Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition 3 Introducing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition 3 SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Highlights 5 Upgrading from Other Products 5 Features and Benefits of SSE 6 SSE User Scenarios 7 Desktop Application with Single-User SSE 8 Client/Server Application with Multi-User SSE 9 Application Replicating with a Central Office 10 Single-User ASP.NET Applications 11 ASP.NET Third-Party Hosting 12 Server Database Application 13 Licensing and Support 14 Visual Basic or C# 14
xii Contents Installing SSE and Visual Basic Express 15 Hardware and Software Requirements for SSE 15 Hardware and Software Requirements for Visual Basic Express 2005 15 Installation Steps 16 Summary 18 Exercises 18 Chapter 2: Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition 19 Basic Database Concepts 19 Introduction to SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition 22 Using SSMS-EE for the First Time 22 Using Transact-SQL (T-SQL) with Query Editor 27 Using Data Definition Language (DDL) 29 Using Data Manipulation Language (DML) 31 Stored Procedures and Functions 34 Using Table Relationships 37 Querying on Multiple Tables 38 Using a View 40 Summary 42 Exercises 42 Chapter 3: Creating a Simple Database Application 43 Creating Your First Application 44 Adding a Database to Your Project 46 Working with Your Database in Database Explorer 47 Configuring a Data Source 50 Creating a Windows Form 52 Building and Debugging Your Application 53 Fixing up the Properties 53 Testing Your Application 55 Summary 56 Exercises 56 Part II: Rich Database Applications Development with SQL Server Express 57 Chapter 4: Developing a Rich Client Database Application 59 Designing Your Database in VB Express 59 Creating a Master-Detail Form 63
xiii Contents Working Directly with Components 69 Working with the Binding Source 73 Using DataSet and DataTable 74 Working with TableAdapter 76 Printing 77 Summary 78 Exercises 79 Chapter 5: Developing a Rich Web Database Application 81 Creating a Web Application Using Web Express 82 Master Pages 83 Adding a Database 85 Filtering Data 88 Inserting Data 91 Working with Master Detail 93 Help with More Complex Queries 96 Summary 98 Exercises 99 Chapter 6: Understanding Xcopy Deployment and User Instance Model 101 Introduction to Xcopy 101 Automating Connectivity to the SSE Instance 102 Understanding the User Instance Model 104 Getting Deeper into User Instances 106 ADO.NET Extensions for User Instance 107 Initialization of a User Instance 107 A Security Model Using File Permissions 108 Who Can Connect to a User Instance? 110 Using SSEUtil 111 How Is User Instance Different from a SSE Instance Running as a Service? 113 T-SQL Extensions for Managing User Instance 115 Summary 116 Exercises 117 Chapter 7: Using XML in Your Database Application 119 Creating an XML Schema Definition 120 Creating a Schema Collection in SSE 124 Creating a Column with an XML Data Type 126
xiv Contents Populating an XML Column with Data 128 Querying an XML Column 130 Summary 132 Exercises 132 Chapter 8: Debugging Database Applications 133 Basic Verification 134 Tracing Output 135 VB Express Debugger 137 Assertions 140 T-SQL Debugging 141 SQL CLR Debugging 143 Summary 144 Exercises 144 Part III: Setup and Deployment 145 Chapter 9: Understanding SQL Server Express Setup 147 Installing SSE with the Setup Graphical User Interface 147 Post-Installation Verification 162 Silently Installing SSE 163 Using Command Line Parameters to Install SSE Silently 163 Using INI Files to Install SSE 169 Understanding Log Files and Dealing with Setup Errors 169 Detecting SSE Programmatically 170 Adding or Removing SSE 2005 Features 170 Uninstalling SSE 175 Summary 177 Exercises 178 Chapter 10: Deploying Your Application 179 Deploying Your Application 180 Updating Your Application 183 Publishing Your Web Application 188 Summary 191 Exercises 191
xv Contents Chapter 11: Migrating from Microsoft Desktop Engine (MSDE) 193 Understanding Microsoft Desktop Engine (MSDE) 193 MSDE Concurrency Workload Governor 194 Usage Scenarios 195 Comparing MSDE and SSE 195 Migrating Applications to SSE 198 MSDE Setup and Servicing 201 Upgrading MSDE to SSE 204 MSDE to SSE Upgrade Rules 204 Automatically Upgrading MSDE to SSE 207 Manually Upgrading MSDE to SSE 216 Summary 218 Exercises 219 Chapter 12: Migrating from Jet and Microsoft Access to MSDE and SSE 221 Introduction to Microsoft Access and Jet 221 Comparing SSE, MSDE, and Jet 223 Introduction to Access Project Development with MSDE 228 Migrating from Jet to MSDE or SSE 235 Upgrading from Access Database to Access Projects 236 Upgrading Database Objects 236 Upgrading Application Objects 238 Mapping DAO to ADO 239 Summary 245 Exercises 246 Part IV: Developing Multi-User Applications 247 Chapter 13: Securing Your Multi-User Database Application 249 Introduction to SSE Security 249 SSE Objects Hierarchy 250 Principals Who Can Access the SSE Objects 252 Permissions 259 Access Control 262 SSE Security Model 264 Connecting to SSE 265 Authentication Modes Supported by SSE 266 Permissions Hierarchy 267 Verifying Permissions 271 Summary 272 Exercises 272
xvi Contents Chapter 14: Upgrading from SSE to Other SQL Server 2005 Editions 273 Introducing SQL Server 2005 Editions 273 Reasons to Upgrade from SSE 275 Features Offered by SQL Server 2005 Editions 276 Manageability 276 Scalability 277 High Availability 277 Performance 278 Business Intelligence 279 Messaging and Notification 280 Upgrading from SSE to Editions of SQL Server 2005 280 Upgrading Your Database Application 280 Upgrading SSE Using the Graphical User Interface 287 Summary 292 Exercises 293 Chapter 15: Building Robust Multi-User Database Applications 295 Choosing and Creating Primary Keys 295 Creating Alternate Keys 304 Creating Constraints 305 Views 306 Table-Valued Functions 308 Transactions 310 Moving Your SSE Application to a Server 313 Summary 315 Exercises 315 Appendix A: Exercise Answers 317 Index 339
Acknowledgments First of all I would like to thank the staff at Wiley. Many thanks to Robert Elliott, the executive editor, for the direction, and helping this project gain momentum. Words of appreciation to Sara Shlaer, Andrew Watt, Felicia Robinson, and Kathryn Duggan for help with editing, deadlines, and project management. At different stages of research and book preparation, many colleagues, friends, and reviewers helped in various ways. My appreciation goes to: Michael Edwards, James Hamilton, and Tanmoy Dutta. Finally, I would like to thank my family for the support and encouragement. I could not have done this without you. Rajesh George October 2005 I would like to acknowledge all of the people in SQL Server who helped make SQL Server Express a reality. While many people worked on hard on this, two people who really came through in the end were Tanmoy Dutta and George Li. Additionally, I would like to thank the staff and management of Wiley for help in working through the manuscripts. In particular, I would like to call out Sara Shlaer for her help. And, most of all, I thank my family – and especially my wife – for their support and encouragement. Lance Delano October 2005
Wroxs Sql Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George
Introduction SQL Server 2005 Express Edition (SSE) is the desktop version of Microsoft’s very popular SQL Server 2005 database product. SSE is free to use and redistribute and is packed with easy to use features. Microsoft has taken big steps in making SSE approachable and usable by all types of developers, from beginners to advanced users. Also all editions of Visual Studio 2005 accommodate SSE naturally in the project system so that developers will find it much easier to build and deploy local data applications with SQL Server by using SSE. If you want to understand how to use the free version of one of the world’s most popular and powerful databases, then this book is for you. Who Should Read This Book This book assumes you have very little background with either databases or programming. You may never have created a single application of any kind. Alternatively, you may have only created simple databases in Access. No prior programming experience is required, but you should have an aptitude for working with software and a desire to learn. If you have a desire to learn and an interest in storing information in a database—and in creating drop-dead simple applications to work with the data—this book has a lot to offer. The step-by-step samples cover all the major scenarios SSE is designed for, from installation and development to debugging and deployment. Alternatively, if you are a more experienced developer, you may find this book useful because it describes a number of new features that are unique to SSE that make working with SSE much easier than with its predecessor, MSDE. You get an insight into the SSE design and architecture from the authors who are intimately involved in the creation of many of these features. In addition, you will find useful information about the various deployment and programmatic features that are not properly documented. What This Book Covers This book focuses on using SSE to design and build your desktop and web applications. In addition to the tools supplied with SSE, Visual Basic Express 2005 and Web Express 2005 are used to for application development. The features that are unique to SSE such as Xcopy, User Instances, and deployment are also covered in detail. The Microsoft SQL Server Books Online focuses primarily on other editions of SQL Server, and the details specific to its free edition is often lost. You can use this book not only to jump start your database application development, but also as a reference on SSE features. In building and releasing SSE, the SQL Server team worked very closely with another division in Microsoft, the Visual Basic programming language team. Two resulting products, SQL Server 2005 Express Edition and Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition (VB Express), were designed to be released simultaneously. VB Express is a programming environment that is tailored to work well with SSE. Visual Basic, as a program- ming language, targets people who want to write code with a minimum of hassle, who want to get the right job done quickly and easily. This book then, is about building and working with databases using SSE and VB Express. Working with VB Express is not a requirement for working with SSE. If you choose, you can just read and use the sections on SSE.
xx Introduction In this book, you learn how to: ❑ Design and work with basic database objects ❑ Install and start working with SSE ❑ Create simple database applications (without a single line of code) ❑ Create rich database applications (with a small amount of code) ❑ Create web-based applications that use your database ❑ Deploy your application and your database ❑ Use XML in your database ❑ Develop secure database applications ❑ Upgrade from Microsoft Access or previous versions of MSDE ❑ Move your SSE database to higher versions of SQL Server How This Book Is Structured There are four major areas in this book. The first part is a basic introduction to SQL Server, VB Express, and some basics of working with databases. Next, you move into richer application development topics. In the third part, you will learn some of the details of setting up and distributing SSE in scenarios that are more sophisticated. Finally, there is a section on developing multi-user applications. The following sections introduce each part in more detail. Introduction to Concepts Chapter 1 is about getting started with SQL Server Express. Everyone should read this chapter because it quickly outlines the high-level features, benefits, and usage scenarios intended for SSE. It gives an overview of the licensing and support policies and gets you started installing SSE on your machine. Chapter 2 introduces basic database concepts that are important to understand in designing your database. It also shows you how to install and work with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition (SSMS-EE), the management tool for SSE. Chapter 2 also gives you an overview of all the basic database objects and how to create and manipulate them using Transact-SQL. This includes databases, tables, views, queries, and stored procedures. You should read this chapter if you want to understand how to use SSMS-EE to manage your database and create your objects. Chapter 3 walks you through the basics of using VB Express to create a simple, single table, database application without writing a single line of code. VB Express has graphical tools that allow you to create the same database objects, including the database itself, tables, views, queries, and stored procedures. In this chapter, you will build and debug a very simple, but fully functional, database application. You should read this chapter if you want to know how to work with VB Express to create simple database applications.
xxi Introduction Rich Database Applications Development with SQL Server 2005 Express Chapter 4 is a continuation of your experience in working with VB Express. The database you created in the previous chapter will be used in this chapter to develop a rich client database application. The application you build in this chapter is more “real world.” You should read this chapter if you want to know how to use VB Express to build richer database applications. Chapter 5 moves you to the web development experience. Using the same basic application that you built in Chapter 4, you will create a rich web-based database application. In particular, you will learn about how to work with SSE in web applications. You will also learn about master pages and other web controls. Chapter 6 explains the details behind the Xcopy feature of SSE. It is the Xcopy feature that allows you to treat your database like a normal file. You can copy the database and your other associated files from one machine to another like you do any other windows file. In particular, you will learn about the auto-attach, autoclose, and the user instances features along with the security model around it. You will also learn about the SSEUtil tool that can connect and work with User Instances. Chapter 7 explains how you can use XML in your database. XML is a very popular storage and transmittal data format. SSE allows you to store and query XML data in your database. In this chapter, you will create an XML Schema Definition (XSD) file in VB Express and then store it in SSE. Then, when you define a column that has an XML data type, you will reference that XSD. With the XML column defined, you will insert data into it and then query it. Chapter 8 instructs you on how to debug your database application. You learn basic validation and verification techniques to ensure that your database is being updated correctly. You also learn how to use trace flags, assertions, and the VB Express debugger. Setup and Deployment Chapter 9 explains the many options available for setting up SSE. Some options you will learn about include what instance to use, how to get the right tools, how to use the command-line silent install, and networking and authentication options. If you have specialized needs on how you install or redistribute SSE along with your application, you should read this chapter. Chapter 10 is an extension, in some ways, of the previous chapter. In this chapter, you learn how to deploy both your application and SSE. VB Express has a new ClickOnce feature that enables you to publish and deploy both your rich client application and SSE to your user’s machines. This chapter will be particularly important to you if you plan to distribute your application to multiple people. Chapter 11 shows you how to migrate your data from MSDE to SSE. Because the feature set in SSE is not exactly the same as MSDE, you should be careful of some things. There are a number of choices to consider, including whether you upgrade manually or automatically and whether your MSDE database qualifies for an automatic upgrade. This chapter is important to anyone currently using MSDE.
xxii Introduction Chapter 12 explains how to move from Microsoft Access to MSDE and SSE. It is important to know what you can actually transfer from an Access application. Some things will move and some will not. In order to know what you can transfer, this chapter will explain the key differences between the two programs and walk you through the upgrade wizard. If you want to move up from an Access application, read this chapter to get an idea of what to expect. Developing Multi-User Applications Chapter 13 introduces you to the basics of securing your database application. SSE has many different types of security features and you will learn about the SQL Server security models including authentication and authorization features. In addition, ensuring your data is secure is an important step in moving your database to a multi-user scenario. You should read this chapter if you intend to make your database publicly accessible. Chapter 14 shows you how to move up from SSE to a higher-level version of SQL Server. There are a number of different editions of SQL Server and this chapter explains the differences between them. It also explains how to actually upgrade your application to work with higher-level versions of SQL Server. Chapter 15 shows how to build your database application for situations where multiple users or multiple applications simultaneously use the database. Here you should consider things like how you design your primary keys, and the use of views and transactions. If you will use your database in a multi-user envi- ronment or target multiple applications to use the same database, you should understand this chapter. Appendix Appendix A has the answers to exercises found at the end of each chapter. What’s on the CD-ROM? You will need the following software, which is included on the CD that accompanies the book: ❑ Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition ❑ SQL Server 2005 Express Edition You will also need access to the Internet. There are some downloads referenced in the book which will require Internet access. In particular, you will need to download SSEUtil, a command-line utility that works with SSE as well as SQL Server Management Studio Express edition, the GUI tool for SSE. Details on how to download it are included in the book. Note that Web Express 2005 is not on the CD. Web Express 2005 is used in Chapter 5. If you would like to follow the examples in Chapter 5, you will need to obtain a copy of Visual Web Developer 2005 Express Edition. You can get information on how to obtain it from http://msdn.microsoft.com/ vstudio/express/vwd.
xxiii Introduction Conventions To help you understand how this book is formatted, there are a number of conventions used through the book. ❑ Certain elements, such as methods, commands, and parameters, are presented in a special code font, like this: This can be verified by looking at the SERVER=(local)SQLExpress connection string entry. ❑ Special tips or notes appear as italicized paragraphs: In order to attach a read-only database, the log file must pre-exist. SSE does not regenerate the log file for a read-only database. ❑ Warnings or other very important notes appear in boxes: The book makes use of Wrox’s special Try It Out and How It Works features as well. Try It Out A Try It Out section is an in-place exercise that will help you understand the concepts quickly. 1. Each Try It Out has a series of numbered steps to lead you through the exercise. 2. Code is shown like this: SELECT * FROM MyTable How It Works After each Try It Out, there is a How It Works section that explains what happened and discusses the key concepts in more depth. Source Code You can download the source code for the examples from http://www.wrox.com. At that URL, locate the book title and click on the Download Code link on the book’s detail page. If you are an interactive user on the machine, you can use user instance mode with- out any additional configuration changes even if you are a not an administrator on the box.
xxiv Introduction Errata While we make every effort to ensure that the book is accurate, if we do discover errors we need to fix after the book has gone to print, we will post them to the http://www.wrox.com site on the details page for the book. On the book details page, click the Book Errata link. This page shows you all of the errata that has been submitted. If you don’t see the error you have found on that page, go to www.wrox.com/contact/ techsupport.shtml and complete a submittal form. We will check the information and post any fixes necessary. p2p.wrox.com Wrox maintains a programmer-to-programmer forum at www.p2p.wrox.com that allows you to post messages about Wrox books and related topics. At this site, you can ask or answer questions. To join the forums, follow these steps: 1. Go to www.p2p.wrox.com and locate the login/register section on the left. Click the Register Now link for new users. This will take you to the Terms of Use Agreement page. 2. On the Terms of Use Agreement page, click Agree. This will take you to the registration form. Fill it out and click Submit. This will cause the site to send you email with additional instructions. 3. When the email arrives, click on the link in the mail. This will take you to a final page that will confirm your registration. You can now start using the forums with your username and password.
Part I: Introduction and Concepts Chapter 1: Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Chapter 2: Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition Chapter 3: Creating a Simple Database Application
Wroxs Sql Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George
1 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition This book introduces you to SQL Server 2005 Express Edition (SSE), the free edition of SQL Server 2005 that is designed for smaller systems. SSE is intended as a replacement for MSDE, a free database product based on SQL Server 2000. SSE is designed to have smaller disk and memory utilization than MSDE, and has features targeting Visual Studio VB and C# programmers who typically treat databases just like files. SSE serves as a database for both desktop and server applications; it is easy to use in all stages of your application life cycle. This chapter covers the following topics: ❑ Introducing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition ❑ Important features in SQL Server 2005 Express Edition ❑ Key scenarios and the audience for SQL Server 2005 Express Edition ❑ Hardware and software requirements for installing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition ❑ Installing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Introducing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition The SQL Server 2005 family, shown in Figure 1-1, includes the Workgroup, Standard, Enterprise, and Developer editions along with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition. Some editions of SQL Server 2005 are offered for both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows operating systems. Only SSE is free for use in development, production, and redistribution and is targeted at developers deploying simple database applications. The Workgroup edition is meant for smaller departments and businesses looking for an affordable database with good price performance ratio and rich features such as replication publishing and backup log shipping. The Standard and Enterprise editions are used by large departments or enterprises looking for business-critical solutions. The Developer edition has all the features of the Enterprise edition, but cannot be used in production. Each higher-level
edition contains all the features offered by the edition immediately below it in the hierarchy. The only exceptions to this rule are the user instance and Xcopy deployment features that are present only in SSE. Chapter 6 covers these features in detail. Figure 1-1 SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Data Mirroring ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) Partitioning Parallel Index operations and Indexed Views Online Indexing and restore Analysis Services Oracle Replication Advanced Performance Tuning 32 CPU support and no limit on memory SQL Server 2005 Standard Fail Over Clustering Replication publishing and subscription Web Services (HTTP) SQL Service Broker Basic Data Mirroring Basic ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) Basic Analysis Services, Data Mining and Data Warehousing Notification Service Database Tuning Advisor 64-bit native support 4 CPU supported and limit on memory SQL Server 2005 Workgroup Backup Log shipping Full Text Search SQL Server Agent SQL Server Management Studio Books Online and Samples 64-bit WOW support No limit on database size 2 CPU and 3 GB Ram supported SQL Server 2005 Express All programmability features such as T-SQL, ADO.NET, SQL Native Client, and .NET support. SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition Replication Subscription SQL Service Broker Client Data Encryption and Key Management Basic Import and Export Basic Reporting 1 CPU and 1 GB Ram supported 4 GB Limit on database size 64-bit WOW support User Instance (XCopy Deployment)* Higher Scalability, Availability, and Reliability features. *All the features except for User Instance (XCopy Deployment) are present in higher level editions. 4 Chapter 1
SQL Server 2005 Express Edition is a free database management system based on Microsoft SQL Server 2005 that allows you to define, store, and manipulate data in an integrated fashion. It enables you to share data with others, while preserving user security and permission features. You can store data in an application-independent manner while making sure that redundancy and inconsistency are reduced and that data integrity is maintained. Data access APIs that follow industry-wide standards, such as ODBC and OLE DB, are provided in both native and managed code so that it is easy to import and export data from different sources. SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Highlights SQL Server 2005 Express Edition is a great database for developers, and includes all the important programming features present in other SQL Server 2005 editions. In fact, SSE contains the same database engine that ships with other SQL Server 2005 editions. The SQL Server 2005 database engine contains support for the networking protocols, T-SQL, and the storage layer. Advanced features such as .NET support, the XML data type, stored procedures and triggers, and replication subscription are also present. SSE supports databases up to 4GB. An application developed using SSE typically works seamlessly with other editions of SQL Server 2005. There is no limit on the number of user connections to the database, but performance is limited by the use of a single CPU and 4GB RAM. Typically applications using SSE can scale to 25 concurrent users. Easy-to-use graphical interfaces provided with the SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition (SSMS-EE) Graphical User Interface (GUI) management tool simplify the basic database operations. This tool contains a query editor that enables you to interactively work with data inside the database. SQL Server Configuration Manager allows you to configure networking options. The SSE setup offers extensive graphical interface tools that allow you to configure the installation. Silent installs are also supported so that you can transparently install SSE with your application. Servicing of SSE is integrated with Windows Update and is almost automatic for the user. There is deep integration of SQL Server 2005 Express Edition with all editions of Visual Studio, including Visual Basic Express and Visual Web Developer 2005 Express. The rich data controls provided automate simple tasks so that you can develop a forms-based application that uses a SSE database without writing a line of code. The single-user scenario that is commonly used for desktop clients and web users is simplified by the Xcopy feature in SSE that enables the database files to be copied and moved like normal windows files. Xcopy deployment simplifies the deployment of your application so that you can just zip up your application and database file and email it to the destination user. The recipient copies the unzipped file to her machine and double-clicks the application to run it. Upgrading from Other Products If you are currently using Microsoft Desktop Engine (MSDE), this book is important to you because SSE is the free upgrade path to use the SQL Server 2005 functionality. The workload governor present in MSDE is removed in SSE and there are no limits on the number of concurrent operations at any given time. Because earlier versions of MSDE had licensing ambiguities, SSE has a simple licensing structure and is free for production and distribution. The SSE setup is greatly improved, with new dialogs guiding you through the installation process. Deployment is also simplified by features such as Xcopy and integration with Visual Studio ClickOnce that allows you to create a deployment package with a simple click of a mouse. The introduction of SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition (SSMS-EE) is also an important milestone, as MSDE did not have a graphical user interface management tool. 5 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
If you are currently using the Jet database with Access or Visual Basic applications, switching to SSE may offer some advantages. Use SSE instead of Jet for scaling in multi-user scenarios and improved security features. .NET support is available only with SSE, so that you can program with C# or VB .NET on both the client and the server. Upgrading your applications to SQL Server is also easy if you use SSE. Jet is preferred over SSE in scenarios where you are highly concerned about the storage space or system memory, or where there are strict web download requirements. Chapter 12 provides more information about upgrading your applications to SSE. Features and Benefits of SSE Although SSE is the most basic member of the SQL Server 2005 family, it contains features necessary for database users ranging from beginner students to Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) developing complex redistributable applications. The following list points out some of SSE’s best features: ❑ Data types: As mentioned, SSE ships with the same database engine that is behind the SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition and supports data types such as User-Defined data types (UDT), the XML data type, and VarChar(MAX). UDTs enable you to define new complex data types in C# or VB .NET. SSE supports the native XML data type that allows you to directly manipulate or query XML on the server, while the VarChar(MAX) data type allows you to store large character objects with a maximum size of 2GB. A complete list of the data types supported by SSE is provided in Chapter 2. ❑ Language independent: Supporting .NET inside SSE allows you to use your favorite .NET language such as C#, VB .NET, or J# for database development. Your VB .NET application runs inside SSE and queries the database engine using the ADO.NET APIs. ADO.NET exposes .NET classes in all your favorite programming languages to connect to a database instance as well as to create and manipulate database objects such as tables and schemas. Using .NET, your ADO.NET functions can now run inside SSE, not just on your client machine. Use this feature for procedural code where individual records are manipulated one at a time. ❑ Ease of deployment: Xcopy deployment allows you to copy, move, and delete database files just like normal Windows files. There is support for SSE with all Visual Studio editions so that it is possible to develop simple desktop and web database applications without writing a line of code. Building, debugging, and deploying your application is possible with a few mouse clicks from within Visual Basic Express or Visual Web Developer Express. Chapter 3 guides you through the steps for developing your first client application. Application deployment becomes very easy with Xcopy deployment and Visual Studio ClickOnce support. You can learn more about deployment in Chapters 6 and 10. ❑ User instance functionality: SSE supports the Run as Normal User scenarios, where a non- administrator on the local machine can use the functionality of SSE without having to involve the system administrator. This is enabled using the user instance functionality that provides for a private instance of SSE running in each user’s context. These user instances are automatically started up by the application using the database owned by the user. One of the goals for the user instance is to make the single-user scenario very simple; the application developer need not worry about the complicated SQL Server Security model. SSE supports a file-based permission model which means that the read and write permissions on the physical database file are used to assign 6 Chapter 1
user permissions and privileges. SSE can also be used as a server where multiple users can connect to the server database; the performance characteristics of the server are governed by the limits on the CPU and memory usage. An instance of SSE can use only one CPU and 4GB RAM. ❑ Security: Much thought was given to making SSE install and run securely on your machine. Only local machine access is enabled by default because a majority of the SSE use cases are for local data. SSE runs under a low privilege service account. The user instance feature described earlier ensures that SSE runs under the context of each user for single-user scenarios. For multi-user scenarios, the SQL Server security model ensures appropriate access to authenticated users. Advanced security features including encryption are also included in the product. ❑ Replication and messaging capabilities: SSE supports offline capabilities by supporting replica- tion subscription. Retail branches can subscribe to central offices with synchronization between the servers occurring at regular intervals. The SQL Service Broker feature supported by SSE provides asynchronous messaging capabilities so that SSE can send a message to SQL Server. This is particularly relevant for B2B web services. ❑ Management tools: The SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition tool, which is available via web download, offers capabilities to develop and test against SSE. It has a query editor that allows you to execute arbitrary T-SQL statements. SQL Server Configuration Manager allows you to change networking protocol settings and the SQL Service options. Rich command line facilities are available with the SQLCMD command line tool, while the SQL Bulk Copy (BCP) tool provides bulk transfer features. ❑ Easy setup options: SSE provides a reliable and robust setup user interface that guides you through the various setup and configuration options. A silent setup option is available where little or no user interface is shown. In a silent install you have to pass in the relevant configuration values as command line parameters or in setup initialization files. The silent option is typically preferred by ISVs who want to completely control the user experience, for instance, they want their application logo to show on the screen during installation. SSE User Scenarios SSE targets three main user segments: ❑ Developers building simple web applications ❑ ISV/ Developers redistributing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition as a client data store ❑ Small or medium business IT developers building transactional web and client server applications Additionally, there are secondary user segments such as academics using SSE for education and server application developers using SSE as a cheap database server. Usage patterns differ for each of these user segments. Web developers use SSE to store application data; SSE could be installed on a local or remote box. The application is deployed on the local machine during development, testing, and debugging. A remote web-facing machine is typically selected for production. The user can also use a third-party hosting provider, in which case the database is already provisioned and the user is responsible for copying the application files as well as updating the SSE database. 7 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
Desktop users primarily use SSE as a client database for storing application data on the local machine. For example, a photo album application might store an images database in SSE. Most of these applications are single-user applications. ISVs typically use SSE as the database for their single-user or multi-user applications. Typically SSE is used with desktop editions of the application. For example, a 5-user edition of a customer-service application may use SSE, but the 50-user edition of the same application is likely to use SQL Server Standard. A seamless upgrade to other editions of SQL Server such as SQL Server 2005 Standard and Enterprise is important in this scenario. The user gets SSE either from tools supplied by Microsoft like Visual Basic Express and Visual Web Developer 2005 Express, or as a web download from the Microsoft site. SSE can also be installed with third-party applications that redistribute it. The CD accompanying this book contains a version of SSE that can be used in both single-user and multi-user modes. The following sections describe some of the common scenarios for using SSE. Desktop Application with Single-User SSE In this scenario, a simple single-user application running on your desktop or laptop uses SSE to store application data locally. For example, a tax preparation application might store tax information inside an SSE database. Many desktop applications developed with Microsoft Visual Basic Express and Microsoft Access fall into this category. The cost of licensing other editions of SQL Server for this scenario typically overwhelms the cost of the application itself, making SSE the most viable option. If you are developing a desktop application, you can simply zip it up and email it to an end-user. Double-clicking the application executable on the user’s computer launches the application. No extra configuration is required by the recipient. An ISV commercially developing software can also use the Visual Studio ClickOnce technology to deploy the application to one or more desktops. ClickOnce invokes the SSE setup utility, which is designed to install both client and server components on the local machine. The deployment process installs SSE on behalf of the user at the same time the application is itself installed if SSE is not already present on the machine. Multiple applications can share SSE, but each user on the local machine gets a private copy of the SSE instance using the user instance feature. When you attempt to use a database in single-user mode, a user instance is spawned in the user context so that the database gets attached to the private instance. File-based permissions on the database file are used to verify whether a particular user can access the database file. The user spawning the user instance is a system administrator on this private instance. No other user can access this private instance and the physical database file cannot be shared by another user concurrently. Figure 1-2 shows a sample home desktop where the father and child have separate user instances for their applications. 8 Chapter 1
Figure 1-2 Certain SSE features are disabled when using user instances. For example, only Windows-based credentials are used for authentication. Features such as replication and SQL Server Service Broker will not work. Remote machine access using the TCP/IP or Named Pipes protocols is also not possible. The advantages of using the user instance feature include the ease of application development as well as the Run as Normal User scenarios. In the Run as Normal User scenario, a non-administrator on the local machine can develop, debug, and deploy SSE-based applications without any administrator-provisioned privileges. Chapter 6 covers user instances in more detail. Typically, the application user need not worry about administering, installing, or servicing SSE because the application developer or ISV takes care of all the installation and configuration. Servicing of SSE is enabled using Windows Update so that you do not have to worry about getting the latest bits. Client/Server Application with Multi-User SSE Some desktop applications use a single SSE instance running as a Windows service to support a small workgroup of users. All users read and write data to a shared database instance residing on a file server, or on a workgroup member’s own computer. SSE is installed only on the computer sharing the data. This scenario includes an application that is intended from the beginning to be used in a workgroup situation, as well as applications “growing up” by popular demand. An example of the latter category is a project-tracking application that grows in popularity within a firm so that the user base increases over time. A project-tracking application used by applications running on three desktops is shown in Figure 1-3. Child Game app Father User 1 Instance Installed SSE Instance DB Album Tax app User 2 Instance DB DB Spawns Shared Home Desktop 9 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
Figure 1-3 This scenario also includes ISV applications using Visual Studio tools to create and deploy client-server applications for small workgroups where other editions of SQL Server 2005 are too expensive. SSE does not have any concurrency or user limits; limits are based on the hardware on which it is installed. Typically, the growth in the number of users to more than 25 requires upgrading to other editions of SQL Server 2005. The upgrade process is easy since the database engine as well as the client and server programming logic is similar across the different editions of SQL Server 2005. Application developers developing multi-user applications must understand and deal with the SQL Server security model since the user instances security model is strictly single-user based. SQL Server 2005 Express Edition running as a service can handle multiple users accessing a shared resource concurrently. The application developer must handle the concurrency issues and define the permissions on shared objects. Security is covered in Chapter 13, while the issues surrounding concurrency are covered in Chapter 15. The ClickOnce deployment feature exposed by Visual Basic Express is enabled for SSE, and client server applications are typically deployed using the setup.exe created by ClickOnce deployment. Chapter 10 deals with ClickOnce deployment in detail. Application Replicating with a Central Office In this scenario, the multi-user application explained in the scenario above is expanded to replicate a single, per-store, shared database with a centralized SQL Server backend. For example, in a retail store application replicating with the central office scenario, each store has one or more computers (such as checkout stations) accessing or modifying data in the shared database. Replication will periodically download new pricing and catalog data while uploading sales data. Connection to the central office may be periodically Desktop 1 Project tracking app Desktop 2 Project tracking app Shared Desktop or Server Desktop 3 Project tracking app SSE DB 10 Chapter 1
interrupted for hours or days for various reasons. In this scenario, each computer may have its own SSE database, or there may be only one SSE database that is shared by multiple computers. Synchronization is typically conducted on a regular schedule, such as nightly, but can be interrupted on occasion by unexpected outages. Figure 1-4 illustrates this scenario. Figure 1-4 The disconnected sales force application is a related scenario where the remote computers are laptops used by the sales force and data is periodically replicated back to the central office. Various customer or sales data can be stored locally in either a read-only or a read-write access mode. In this case the laptop may be periodically synchronized with a central database at indeterminate intervals. No tools are supplied with SSE to set up or administer replication. However, the replication tools supplied with other editions of SQL Server can be used with SSE as long as the SSE instance is replicating back to an edition of SQL Server 2005 higher than SSE. Replication is outside the scope of this book and is not covered further. Single-User ASP.NET Applications You can develop web ppplications using the Visual Web Developer Express provided with the book. SSE has tight integration with Visual Web Developer to create ASP.NET applications. It is so easy to use that you can create data sources and build and debug applications without writing a single line of code. Chapter 5 guides you through creating ASP.NET applications. After the ASP.NET web application is debugged and tested on the local machine, you can copy the relevant application and database files using the copy database or deploy database features in Visual Web Developer. The ability to treat database files just like regular Windows files, or Xcopy deployment, enables these copying scenarios. This is illustrated in Figure 1-5. DB Central Office Server SQL Server 2005 Standard/Enterprise (acting as replication publisher) SSE (acting as replication subscriber) DB Retail Office Desktop or Server (1) SSE (acting as replication subscriber) DB Retail Office Desktop or Server (2) SSE (acting as replication subscriber) DB Retail Office Desktop or Server (n) 11 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
Figure 1-5 A web application runs under the context of a web server like IIS that translates a URL either into a URL or into an executable name, and then sends its output back. ASP.NET web applications support using IIS Web Server for remote scenarios and Cassini Web Server for local machine scenarios. Cassini is a secure, local web server introduced by Microsoft that supports local development and debugging scenarios. You can easily copy or deploy your ASP.NET application to a local or remote machine with only a few mouse clicks. A user hosting a web application on his machine installs IIS and deploys the web application. This is often called a dedicated hosting scenario because the web server is dedicated to the applications that the user is knowledgeable about. There are no applications that are unknown or untrusted by the user on that machine. The dedicated hosting scenario typically uses the user instance feature in SSE because all connectivity to the database happens under the context of a single user, ASP.NET. The user must have copy, deployment, and debugging privileges on the working directory and machine. It is important to understand what a single user means in the context of a web application. Although anonymous users over the Internet are accessing a web application, typically all database access is done under the context of a single user. The exception to this happens when the user impersonation feature is turned on so that the database access happens in the context of the Internet user who is accessing the website. For example, consider a MyGarageSale web application that uses SSE to store the catalog of items sold and their prices. When the user accesses the MyGarageSale website, information is retrieved from the SSE database. Because the user’s credentials may not be known ahead of time, the database access occurs under the context of a single user, ASP.NET. ASP.NET Third-Party Hosting This scenario involves the use of a third-party hosting provider when developers typically lease space on a web server host machine in return for administration services and a quality of service guarantee. The service is provided at a reduced cost by sharing the web server resources across several sites at once. Once you sign up as a user, you get a user directory to place your files, as well as a login and password with relevant privileges. This is a shared user scenario where there are untrusted applications running on the same machine. Each machine used by the third-party hosting provider could contain a large number of websites and users unknown to each other. To avoid name conflicts and the prospect of one user trampling on another user’s files, this environment is tightly controlled by the administrator and each user is granted only the minimum required privileges. ASP.NET app with Cassini SSE User Instance SSE DB Development/Test Machine Spawns ASP.NET app with IIS SSE User Instance SSE DB Production Machine Spawns 12 Chapter 1
Because most web applications are data-driven, it is common for a developer to purchase one or more databases from the hosting provider as part of their hosting contract. These databases are provisioned ahead of time and provide users with a connection string for accessing their databases. Most hosting providers provide web-based administration tools for creating and modifying schema and data. Server Database Application The server database application scenario refers to an economical deployment of a large-scale, SQL Server- based server application where components are installed in a simpler, cheaper, server configuration. They could be web-facing applications. There are three typical sub-scenarios including usage: as evaluation copies, single-user or small-user editions, and low-volume web applications. The evaluation scenario covers the case of a server application that must be deployed on a single machine for evaluation or demo purposes. For example, the evaluation edition of a customer service application can ship with SSE or SQL Server Evaluation edition. The application development scenario is a subset of the evaluation scenario that involves the usage of SSE only in the design and development phase of a SQL Server application. ISVs develop applications using free SSE licenses while relying on their customers to purchase SQL Server licenses for testing and production deployment. This scenario enables development to proceed on client operating systems on desktops or laptops. The SQL Server 2005 Evaluation edition can also be used for this purpose. The Evaluation edition contains all the features of SQL Server 2005 Enterprise edition and has a trial period of 120 days. The single-user or limited-user edition scenario is similar to the evaluation scenario, except that the deployment is used in production for a small number of users. This is commonly required to cover the low- volume scenario of a server application that requires SQL Server 2005 for its data access. The low-volume web application scenario typically includes web applications deployed on web servers with low concurrent usage patterns. However, this includes a model where the server application stores configuration or other data that does not get directly queried by remote clients, and hence the SSE use is typically low- volume. The SQL Server compatibility for easy scalability as well as the price point provides the primary attraction for SSE in this scenario. Whereas the previous scenarios involve end-users installing applications on desktop operating systems, the server scenarios generally involve more knowledgeable end-users or even IT staff, and will always include installation on server operating systems. Thus the deployment environment will more closely match that of other editions of SQL Server 2005; however, the end-user will still not be as typically skilled or experienced as the SQL Server administrator in a server environment. Do not use the SSE user instance feature in a multi-user or third-party hosting sce- nario. For explanations refer to Chapter 6. 13 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
Licensing and Support SSE is free to deploy in production environments, and you can redistribute it along with your application. However, the default web download license does not allow you to redistribute it. You must register for free at http://www.microsoft.com/sql/howtobuy/default.asp to get a license to redistribute SSE. Registration is required for redistribution in order to ensure that Microsoft can disseminate critical security information to partners if necessary. Similarly the tools supplied with SSE, such as SSMS-EE, are free to use and redistribute. Any tool like SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) that does not ship with SSE can be used with SSE only when SSE is used in conjunction with another edition of SQL Server 2005. For example, SSMS-EE does not have any replication-related tools even though SSE supports replication subscription. To use the replication tools inside SQL Server Management Studio, SSE has to be a replication subscriber to another edition of SQL Server 2005. Whenever you use SQL Server Express to connect to another licensed non-express edition of SQL Server 2005, Client Access License (CAL) is required. It does not matter whether the users are connecting directly or indirectly either through SQL Server Express or a website. For example if five users connect to SQL Server 2005 Standard edition using a terminal server, five CALs are required even though only a single machine is used to connect to the database instance. SSE is fully supported by Microsoft via websites and newsgroups. Support via email and phone is also available for a fee. Visual Basic or C# A couple of words about the choice of programming language are appropriate here. Either Visual Basic 2005 or C# 2005 will work just fine; you should be able to get all your database application work done in either language. But, the teams developing these languages have different goals and you should keep those goals in mind when you select your language. Visual Basic 2005 is targeted as an upgrade path for the millions of existing Visual Basic 6.0 users. The language syntax and features are specifically designed with that customer in mind. The Visual Basic language has rapid productivity, simplicity, and ease-of-learning as primary goals. The Visual Basic team is interested in making sure that everyone from first-time users to developers of corporate IT database applications are happy with the language’s features. C# 2005 is targeted as a home both for the C++ and Java developers. The C# language syntax is intended as a modern, general purpose, object-oriented language (with special emphasis on general purpose). The C# team is interested in making sure that C# remains at the forefront of the object-oriented programming world by introducing practical modern language innovation to the programming public. You can choose to write in either Visual Basic or C#. The examples in this book will all use Visual Basic, but it should be very easy to find or create the exact same elements for C#. You can use the Visual Basic 2005 Express edition for most of the examples in this book. The Express editions of Visual Studio are inexpensive. The higher-level editions of Visual Studio make building data- centric applications even easier with some advanced features. Specifically, higher-level editions of Visual Studio enable connections to remote databases for all languages, enable T-SQL debugging, and allow for 14 Chapter 1
database projects. If you want to try out these features, you’ll need to get a higher-level edition of Visual Studio than the Express editions. Installing SSE and Visual Basic Express This section introduces you to the hardware and software requirements of SSE and Visual Basic Express along with the basic steps used to install these products on your local machine. If you encounter any issues during the installation process, please refer to Chapter 9 for more information about the setup procedures for SSE. Hardware and Software Requirements for SSE The following table lists the minimum hardware and software requirements for running Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express Edition on a 32-bit machine. Hardware Minimum Requirements Computer Intel or compatible Pentium 600 MHz (recommended: Intel or compatible 1 GHz or higher) Windows version Windows Server 2003 SP1, Windows XP SP2, Windows 2000 SP4 Memory (RAM) 192MB minimum (recommended: 256MB or higher) Hard disk space 525MB Monitor VGA or higher resolution 1,024x768 Pointing device Microsoft mouse or compatible pointing device CD-ROM drive Required for CD installation Support for SQL Express is limited to the Windows on Windows (WOW) 32-bit subsystem on 64-bit operating systems. Hardware and Software Requirements for Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition The following table lists the minimum hardware and software requirements for running Microsoft Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition on a 32-bit machine. The hard disk size includes the .NET Framework installation. The proper version of .NET Framework 2.0 must be installed prior to installing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition. You should remove any previously installed version of .NET Framework 2.0 before installing a later version. 15 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
Hardware Minimum Requirements Recommendation Computer Intel or compatible Pentium 600 MHz Intel or compatible 1 GHz or higher Windows versions Microsoft Windows 2003 Server Microsoft Windows 2003 Server Windows XP SP2 Windows XP SP2 Windows 2000 SP4 Windows 2000 SP4 Memory (RAM) 128MB minimum 256MB or higher Hard disk space 500MB typical, up to 1.3GB may 1.3GB free space be required Monitor VGA or higher resolution 800x600 VGA or higher resolution 256 colors 1,024x768 Hi Color -16-bit Pointing device Microsoft mouse or compatible Microsoft mouse or compatible pointing device pointing device CD-ROM drive Required for CD installation Required for CD installation Installation Steps After verifying that you have the necessary hardware and software, follow these steps to install SSE and Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition on your local machine: Warning: If you have any previous versions of Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition, SSE, or .NET Framework 2.0 on your computer, they must be uninstalled prior to installing SSE and VB .NET. 1. Insert the CD that comes with this book and double-click vbsetup.exe. Click Run when the Internet Explorer Security Warning popup appears. 2. On the Welcome page of the Installation Wizard, click Next. 3. The Licensing (EULA) page appears next. Read the license carefully before selecting the check box, which activates the Next button. 4. In the Installation Options dialog that appears, check the box for Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express Edition and click Next (see Figure 1-6). 16 Chapter 1
Figure 1-6 5. In the Destination Folder dialog box, click Install. You need not change the default destination location (see Figure 1-7). Figure 1-7 17 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
6. A progress bar is displayed to show that the Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition installation is in progress. Click Exit when the Setup Complete dialog appears. Summary This chapter introduced SQL Server 2005 Express Edition and some of its features, such as Xcopy and .NET support. SSE has the same database engine as the other SQL Server 2005 editions so that all the programmability features are similar across the editions. There is no limit on the number of users; the only limit is imposed by the hardware utilized. The relationship of SSE to other SQL Server 2005 editions, as well as its advantages over other databases such as MSDE and Jet, is also mentioned. This chapter addressed the following topics: ❑ SSE and its key features ❑ Important scenarios like Desktop Application with single-user SSE, ASP.NET hosting, and Client Server Application with multi-user SSE ❑ Licensing and support for SSE ❑ Hardware requirements for installing SSE and VB .NET ❑ Installing SSE and Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition on your machine In the next chapter, you learn more about the basic database features supported by SSE. Exercises Try the exercises that follow to test your understanding of the material covered in this chapter. You can find the solutions to these exercises in Appendix A. 1. You are the chairperson for a university alumni association and want to figure out the appropriate SQL Server 2005 edition to use for a photo album application. This application is an interface for digital photographs and is expected to be installed on each member’s desktop. There is no sharing of the application between members, as each person gets a personal copy of the database and the application. Annually the databases are updated and emailed to each member. What edition of SQL Server 2005 would you use? 2. You are the IT department head of Joe’s Auto Parts. Your 75 retail shops are distributed in multiple states across the United States, and each retail shop requires two checkout counters that have the latest information about the catalog. The central office requires daily updates of sales information from the retail shops. What editions of SQL Server would you use in the retail and central offices? 3. You are an ISV deploying server applications to small businesses with one to five users. You want to move to the medium business segment supporting a larger number of users. Currently you are using SSE in the multi-user mode. How easy is it to move to higher editions of SQL Server? 18 Chapter 1
2 Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Management Studio Express Edition (SSMS-EE) is a new database management tool for SQL Server 2005 Express (SSE). This simple-to-use tool is a simplified version of SQL Server Management Studio that ships with other versions of SQL Server 2005. It is designed for SSE customers who want an easy and intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) for doing the basic database management operations. This chapter is intended as an introduction to this tool, and explains the basic database objects that the user should know when dealing with SSE. This chapter covers the following topics: ❑ Databases and objects within the database ❑ SSMS-EE features such as Object Explorer and Query Editor ❑ Using Transact-SQL to develop simple queries ❑ Using the Query editor to create, delete, and modify common database objects such as databases, tables, views, stored procedures, and functions Basic Database Concepts Data in SSE is stored in a relational format inside a database. A relational database stores all its data in tables and all the operations on data are performed on these tables. A table is a grid of rows and columns. Each row is called a record, and contains values for the different columns. Some of these values could be NULL. A column is also called a field and defines the type of data that will be stored in that column. For example, in the top table in Figure 2-1, the columns define the fact that each row will contain an ID, Last Name, First Name, and Title. The third row or record, for example, will contain the values 10003, Borne, Peter, and Software Engineer. You define each column to be a particular type. For example, ID contains integers, while the Last Name, First Name, and Title store character data.
Figure 2-1 To distinguish between records, it is typical to define a field called the primary key that is unique. For example, in the Customer table shown in the figure, the ID field is the primary key. Duplicates are not allowed in the primary key, and hence you can uniquely refer to each record using the primary key. Sometimes multiple fields are used in the definition of the primary key. These primary keys are also useful to define relationships between tables. For example, the ShipToCustomer table contains a field called CustomerID. Each entry in CustomerID refers to an entry in the ID field of the Customer table. CustomerID is called a foreign key because it is a primary key defined in another table. Any data in a foreign key column must have corresponding data in the table where that column is the primary key. This mapping makes sure that there is no ShipToCustomer row without a valid customer. When designing tables, three simple rules called the three normal forms are often used. These rules are: 1. All column values are single or atomic. 2. All column values depend on the value of the primary key. 3. No column value depends on the value of any other column except the primary key. Consider the ShipToCustomer table in Figure 2-1. The customer shipping address details such as Street Address, State, Country, and Zip (zip code) are stored in separate columns. This is useful, for example, in calculating the shipping cost based on the Zip and country. If a single column is used to store this information, you have non-atomic values and calculation of shipping cost becomes difficult. To conform to the first normalization rule, you typically split the column with a collection of information into separate columns. Ship to Customer Table Ship ID Unique primary key Foreign Key: Customer ID related to ID in Customer Table Customer ID Ship Description Street Address State Country Zip 50001 50002 50003 10002 10001 10003 Book CD Antique 1111 44th Ave 2222 30th Ave 44200 32nd Ave WA WA WA US US US 98116 98199 98007 Customer Table Unique primary key Column or field Row or record ID Last Name First Name Title 10001 10002 10003 Gajanan Chekov Borne Piyush Pasha Peter Manager Administrator Software Engineer 20 Chapter 2
If you use one table to store both Customer and ShipToCustomer information with CustomerID as the primary key, you violate the second and third rules. Some of the columns in such a combined table, like Title, would depend only on the customer ID, while the others like ShipDescription depend only on ShipID. If the ShipID value in a row changes, the ShipDescription will also change. This design is also inefficient because the customer information has to be entered again for repeat purchases. To conform to the second and third normalization rules, you should first identify the dependencies between columns. Now split the large table with columns depending on fields other than the primary key into two or more distinct tables. You can use the foreign key concept described earlier to maintain the relationship between tables. To satisfy the third rule, do not store any calculated values. When you apply the three rules, the database is normalized. A normalized database generally improves performance, lowers storage requirements, and makes it easier to change the application. Some specialized databases like decision support systems and data warehouses are explicitly built in violation of the three rules. They are called de-normalized databases, and are used because the data changes infrequently and because you are dealing with huge amounts of data used for reports or analysis. These special de-normalized database applications are not covered in this book. An index can speed the search for a particular row or set of rows. Similar to a book index, an index to a database makes it easy for you to retrieve the data. Indexes are typically defined on specific columns so that the data retrieval on that column is fast. When you have defined a primary key in a table, SSE auto- matically creates a unique index on the primary key columns so that no two rows have the same value for this index. In the Customer table presented in Figure 2-1, SSE automatically creates an index on ID. It is a good idea to define non-unique indexes on the foreign keys because some of the foreign key values can be repeated. For example, a non-unique index on the CustomerID field of the ShipToCustomer table is useful for queries looking at active orders of a particular customer. Create indexes for improving performance of commonly used queries, but do not create unnecessary indexes since these could adversely affect database performance. To insert a new Customer into the Customer Table or to create a new table for Inventory, use the Structured Query Language (SQL) programming language. SQL Server 2005 uses a dialect of SQL that is called either Transact-SQL or T-SQL. Transact-SQL (T-SQL) is an extension of the SQL standards authorized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). You will learn more about using T-SQL later in this chapter. At first glance, T-SQL may seem complex. But once you understand the difference between a procedural and declarative language, it becomes simple. Visual Basic .NET is a procedural language, which means that you describe exactly the operations to be executed. An example would be using a for loop to read all the data from a text file. In a declarative language like T-SQL, you declare what you are looking for using the SELECT keyword, and SSE figures out how to get it. For example, the following SQL statement returns all rows from the Customer table where the Last Name is Borne. The explanations for the elements in this statement are provided later in this chapter. SELECT * FROM Customer WHERE LastName=’Borne’ A procedure or function is used in Visual Basic .NET to store a sequence of reusable code. SSE supports similar functionality for storing reusable units of T-SQL code. The stored procedures or functions in SSE contain a sequence of T-SQL statements that are stored inside the SSE database. They allow passing parameters and can be executed as a unit. SSE functions can return values that are in a table format, but stored procedures do not support this. 21 Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition
Introduction to SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition (SSMS-EE) is a free download from the Microsoft website, and is used to manage SSE. SSMS-EE includes the following features: ❑ A single, integrated, easy-to-use GUI for simple database operations ❑ Wizards for managing and creating objects like databases and tables ❑ The capability to view the objects within a database using the Object Explorer ❑ A robust query editor that supports multiple result sets SSMS-EE is released separately from the SQL Server 2005 Express releases. The first version of SSMS-EE is expected to be released to the web a few months after the SSE launch in November 2005. SQL Server Management Studio, supplied with other editions of SQL Server, can be downloaded from http://www .microsoft.com/sql/2005/default.mspx and can be used against SSE in certain cases. Please refer to the licensing section for additional information. Using SSMS-EE for the First Time From the Start menu, select All Programs ➪ SQL Server 2005 ➪ SQL Server Management Studio to start SSMS-EE. This section explains the graphical user interfaces in detail. Connection Dialog When you start SSMS-EE, you see a connection dialog similar to Figure 2-2. The first item you should select is the correct instance of SSE. Multiple installations of SQL Server can run concurrently on a single machine, and each such installation is called an instance. For example, if you installed SSE according to the instruc- tions in Chapter 1, the instance name used is SQLExpress. Supply a value of (local)SQLExpress in the Server name field, or select <yourMachineName>SQLExpress from the dropdown menu. Next, choose how you want to login to SSE. There are two possible options: Windows Authentication and SQL Server Authentication. When using Windows Authentication mode, SSE uses the windows creden- tials that you supplied during login to your machine. This is the default authentication mode, and you do not have to pass in any additional information. If you choose SQL Server Authentication, you have to provide a user ID and password that is known to SSE. You must be an administrator on the machine or be the system administrator (sysad- min) in SSE to use the examples in this chapter. 22 Chapter 2
Figure 2-2 The authentication modes are described in detail in Chapter 13. Refer to that chapter for additional details on enabling SQL Authentication. Click Connect to proceed with the connection, so that SSMS-EE connects to the specified server using the authentication properties provided. Clicking the Cancel button or the X icon will close the connection dialog. SSMS-EE can only connect to SQL Servers that are running; no functionality is provided to start servers that are currently not running. You can use SQL Server Configuration manager to start and stop the services. Object Explorer Once you connect to an SSE instance using SSMS-EE, you will see a two-pane window similar to Figure 2-3. The left-hand pane, called the Object Explorer, contains details about your connection, databases, and security. This window is used to enumerate and display the most commonly referenced objects in the SSE instance. The Object Explorer is made up of the following components: ❑ The Node window uses a tree-like structure to represent SSE objects such as databases and tables. All the databases currently attached to the SSE instance and available to the user are listed in the database dropdown box. When users select a database, the Nodes window is populated with the database objects like tables and views for that database. ❑ When you right-click any of the objects displayed, you will get a Context Menu that exposes functionality available for that object. ❑ A toolbar is provided at the top with buttons for global functionality. Whenever possible, use Windows Authentication. SQL Server Authentication is disabled when you install SSE for the first time. 23 Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition
Figure 2-3 Node Window The Node window displays database and security information for the SSE instance in a hierarchical fashion. The Databases node contains all the databases currently attached to the SSE instance that the user has permissions to connect to. The important objects visible under an individual database node include: ❑ Tables: Expanding this node returns all the tables currently in the database. Expanding a table node retrieves all the columns and indexes on that table; columns are listed first followed by indexes. ❑ Views: Expanding this node returns all the views currently in the database. ❑ Programmability: Expanding this node returns all the programmability objects such as stored procedures and functions currently in the database. ❑ Security: Expanding this node returns all the security objects such as users defined in the database. Right-clicking the objects at any level of the tree displays a context menu that contains operations that can be performed on that object. For instance, right-clicking the Databases node gives you the option to create a new database. Selecting this option launches the wizard for creating the new database as explained in the following Try It Out. 24 Chapter 2
Try It Out Creating, Renaming, and Deleting a Database Using SSMS-EE 1. From the Start menu, select All Programs ➪ SQL Server 2005 ➪ SQL Server Management Studio. 2. Enter the instance name in the Connection dialog and click Next. Typically, the instance name is (local)SQLExpress. 3. Right-click the Databases node in the Object Explorer and select New Database. 4. Type MyDatabase for the database name and then click OK. 5. Expand the Databases node in the Object Explorer and verify that the database is present. Right-click MyDatabase and select Rename. Type the new name for the database (such as MyRenamedDatabase). 6. Right-click the same database again and select Delete. Confirm the action by clicking OK in the Delete Object dialog. How It Works This example demonstrates how easy it is to work with SSE databases using SSMS-EE. For example, you just need to specify the database name in order to create it. The Rename operation is similar to the renaming of a Windows file. There is an extra dialog when you try to delete the database to prevent user errors; if you do not want to delete the database, click Cancel. Toolbar The Toolbar for the Object Explorer contains functionality that is global in nature, and is independent of the selected node. The toolbar buttons and their behavior are described in the following list: ❑ Connect: Opens the connection dialog described earlier. This option allows users to choose which SQL Express server instance to connect to. ❑ Refresh: Refreshes the objects displayed in the object Explorer. The Refresh option is also avail- able as a context menu for each object. Query Editor Although SSMS_EE provides an extensive graphical interface for managing SQL Express databases, many database users prefer to manage their servers using the T-SQL language supported by SSE. The Query Editor allows users to develop and execute T-SQL statements (see the right-hand pane in Figure 2-3). Groups of statements called scripts can also be executed against SSE. There are two main windows, Editor window and the Results window: ❑ The Editor window is used to develop and execute T-SQL statements and scripts. It can recognize and color-code T-SQL reserved words. A toolbar specifies the current database and options for displaying the results. ❑ The Results window displays the results of executing a query. Results are displayed as a grid, a text file, or can be saved to disk. Any messages or errors from executing the code are seen in the Message View. The following Try It Out explores the query editor feature in SSMS-EE. You learn to execute simple queries, and use the drag-and-drop features in SSMS-EE. 25 Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition
Exploring the Variety of Random Documents with Different Content
can go into a game with the other fellows. I think I’ll ask Kindlings to let me shift to the other end.” “Don’t you do it!” cried Sid, quickly. “Look here, Tom Parsons, the surest way to have a team go to pieces is to have personal feelings crop out among the players. We’ve got to play together, or——” “‘Play separately,’ as one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence said,” interrupted Phil, with a laugh. “No, I’m serious,” protested Sid. “If we’re going to act that way, Tom, we might as well give up the team now, and also all hopes of ever winning the championship this year. It’s bad enough to have Bricktop and Ed off, without having you kicking up a fuss about Bascome.” “Who’s kicking up a fuss, you old misogynist?” demanded the end, limping along. “I only said I couldn’t play with Bascome as well as I could with Dan, and I’d like to shift.” “And if you do that it means that some one else will have to shift, and that will throw the whole team into confusion. No, you stick it out, Tom.” They walked on in silence for a few minutes, each busy with his own thoughts. The sun slanted across the campus, and glinted through the stained glass windows of Booker chapel, coloring the sward with a wonderful combination of violet and red. Back of the main college was a bank of purplish and olive tinted clouds, which Tom paused to gaze at in admiration. “Look, fellows!” he exclaimed, softly. “It’s just like one of those pictures of Venice, painted by what’s his name.” “Yes, great artist,” put in Phil. “Second cousin to ‘who’s this.’” “No, but look at those colorings,” protested Tom. “Did you ever see such cloud masses? The only thing about them is that they tell of fall coming on, and winter and leafless trees, and——”
“Oh, for cats’ sake cut it out!” groaned Sid. “You must be in love again. Got a new girl?” “Shut up!” ordered Tom, peremptorily, as he started toward their dormitory. “The next time I try to elevate the minds of you fellows by pointing out the beauties of nature you’ll know it!” “All right, old chap,” came in soothing accents from Phil. “Those clouds are worth looking at, for a fact. Sid has no soul for anything above the commonplace.” “Neither would you have, if you’d been chewing on mud,” declared the other. “It strikes me that we are getting silly, or sentimental, in our old age. Come on up and get into a bathrobe and we’ll take it easy. I have some imported ginger ale, and some prime cheese in the closet.” “You rat! And you never spoke of it before!” cried Phil, clapping his chum on the back. “Come on, let’s see who’ll get there first, as the wolf said to Red Riding Hood,” and he started up the stairs on the run, followed by Sid, while Tom limped on more slowly. When the end reached their apartment he found the door open, and his two chums standing on the threshold as though afraid to enter. It was dark inside, for the shades were drawn. Tom looked at his two companions in some surprise. “What’s the matter?” he asked. “Snake in there? Why don’t you go on in?” “Listen!” exclaimed Phil, softly. They stood expectantly. Through the stillness there came to them a rhythmetic tick-tick, which floated out of their room and into the corridor. “The clock!” gasped Tom. “Our clock!” whispered Phil, as though to speak aloud would break the magic spell.
“It’s come back,” went on Sid, taking a step forward in a stealthy manner, as if he expected to surprise a burglar in the act. “Fellows, to all the gods that on Olympus dwell most everlasting praises be! Our clock’s come back!”
CHAPTER VIII ANOTHER IDEA Making ready as though to greet an old friend who had long been absent, the three lads advanced to the middle of the room in the semi-darkness. Louder ticked the clock, and it was like music to their ears. Tom snapped on the electric lights, and the gaze of our three heroes went together toward the mantle shelf. Then there came three simultaneous gasps of astonishment, a starting back in surprise, a catching of breaths. “The clock!” spoke Tom, aghast. “It isn’t ours!” added Phil, gaspingly. “They’ve brought back the wrong one!” exclaimed Sid. Then, as they looked at the new timepiece, a smart one in a new and dull-polished mahogany case—an expensive clock—one they never would have thought of possessing, as they looked at it, there was a musical tinkle of a bell, and five strokes rang out as if in welcome. “A new clock!” went on Phil, in accents of horror. “A clock that strikes!” “‘Come plump, head-waiter of the cock, to which I most resort. How goes the time? ’Tis five o’clock? Go fetch a pint of port!’” quoted Sid. “Oh, what are we up against?” cried Tom. “The plot thickens! There is more of the direful mystery here! Talk about the Arabian Nights’ tale of new lamps for old! Some one has taken our old clock
and left in its place this new choice specimen of the art of the horologiographer.” “The art of whom?” asked Phil, in wonder. “Clock-maker,” translated Tom. “They say a fair exchange is no robbery, but this was an unfair exchange. We don’t want a striking clock.” “No, give us back our own fussy little alarm,” begged Sid. “I say, though, fellows, this is no slouch of a piece of horologiographic work, though. It must have cost eight or ten bones, and it’s brand new. Do you guess some one’s conscience smote ’em, after they’d made away with our ticker, and they wanted to make amends?” “I don’t know what to think,” admitted Phil. “Me either,” came from Tom. “But if they bring back one of those new-fangled Turkish rockers in place of our old chair, I’ll fire it out of the window. We can stand the clock, though I’ll be hanged if I like that striking arrangement.” “Me, either,” agreed Sid. “But maybe we can get some clew from this clock. Let’s have a look.” He turned the clock around on the shelf, thereby disturbing its mechanism and stopping the ticking, but he little minded that. He was looking for the maker’s name. “Say, was our door locked when you fellows got here?” asked Tom, who had been a little in the rear of his companions, due to his injured ankle. “Sure it was locked,” asserted Phil. “I opened it with my key. Whoever sneaked in here and left the new clock while we were at football practice must have had a duplicate key. How are you making out, Sid?” “The clock, according to a card pasted on back, was made or sold by Amos Harding, of Chicago.”
“Chicago!” cried Tom, in some excitement. “That’s where Langridge came from! Is it possible that he could have come over from Boxer Hall, and played this joke?” “It’s possible, but not probable,” declared Sid. “But we could write to Chicago, and see if Mr. Harding could give us any clew.” “Oh, what’s the use?” asked Phil. “Chicago is a big place, and it’s hardly likely that a dealer there would remember to whom he sold a particular clock, when there are a whole lot like it. This clock is of fairly common pattern, though it’s rather expensive. I’m inclined to think that we’ll never get on to the game that way.” “What have you got to suggest?” asked Tom, as he prepared to bathe his ankle, while Sid set the clock going again. “I was going to say that we might post a notice on the bulletin board, stating that we’d had enough of the joke, and would exchange clocks back again.” “Say, I’ve just thought of something!” exclaimed Sid. “Maybe there’s a thief in college, and he’s been going around snibbying things from the fellows’ rooms. He’s been found out, and made to put the things back. He got our clock mixed up with another, and the other chap has got our ticker.” “Not a bad idea,” assented Phil. “In that case a notice on the bulletin board would be all right, and we’ll wait about writing to Chicago. But Langridge is out of it, I think.” “Well, I don’t,” declared Tom, half savagely, for his ankle hurt him when he rubbed it vigorously. “You’ll find that he’s been mixed up in this somehow. The clock is from Chicago, he comes from Chicago, and there’s some connection there, you can depend on it!” “Well, maybe,” admitted Phil. “But let’s get at the notice, and then it will be grub time. Might as well say something about our chair while we’re at it; eh, fellows?” “No,” came from Tom, “let that go. I think the clock and chair were two different propositions. We’ll work the chair ourselves.”
After some talk his chums were inclined to agree with Tom, so Phil wrote out a notice about the timepiece, while Sid interestedly examined the clock, making various speculations concerning it, while Tom doctored his ankle. “There, I guess that will do for a while,” he announced, with a wry face, as he pulled on his shoe. “I hope I’m not lame for practice to- morrow.” “Well, here’s the notice,” exclaimed Phil, a little later. “I’ll read it. ‘For exchange: one mahogany-case clock, new; striking the hours and half hours——’” “Hold on!” interrupted Sid. “Does it strike the half hours?” “Sure, they all do,” asserted Phil, and as if in confirmation of his words, there tinkled out a silvery stroke at five-thirty. “What’d I tell you?” he asked, in triumph. “Where was I?” as he looked at the piece of paper. “Oh, yes: ‘strikes the hours and half-hours. The undersigned will give it back for their small nickel-plated alarm clock, rather battered, but still in the ring. Doesn’t strike at all.’ How’s that, fellows?” “All right,” said the end, as he laced his shoe loosely, for he had bandaged his ankle. “Let’s have it, and I’ll put my name down, then you fellows can go down and stick it up. I’m going to stretch out;” and, scribbling his name on the notice, Tom threw himself on the couch, with due regard for its age and weakness. “I’ll fix it up,” volunteered Phil.
CHAPTER IX A CLASH WITH LANGRIDGE In the meanwhile football practice went on, and the team seemed to be getting into better shape, though there was much to be desired. Sam and Pete did better, though they were uncertain, and there was much ragged work, both in offensive and defensive plays, over which coach and captain shook their heads. “Randall has got to do better than that,” said Mr. Lighton, “if she wants to stay at the head of the league.” “Right!” agreed Kindlings. “Bricktop is coaching Sam all he can, but it needs more than coaching to make a guard.” “Hope for the best,” suggested the coach. “I wonder how our freshmen will make out Saturday against Boxer Hall?” “They’ll win, of course,” declared Dan, energetically. The game between the two freshmen elevens of Boxer Hall and Randall was quite an event, almost approaching the ’varsity struggles, and there was a big crowd on hand at the Boxer Hall gridiron the following Saturday when the contest was about to begin. Nearly all of the ’varsity squad was present to lend moral and vocal support, and Bean Perkins was in his element. It was a hot battle from the very kick-off, and the two teams fought each other up and down the field. There was considerable kicking and open playing, but Randall depended on old-fashioned football, modified by Mr. Lighton, and secured the first touchdown. Boxer Hall got one before the initial half was finished, and then there was much speculation during the intermission as to which side would win.
By tremendous efforts, ploughing through the line, bucking great holes between their opponents, and by putting up a great defense, Randall succeeded in getting another touchdown, and a goal from the field, while Boxer Hall was unable to score in the last half. It was a glorious victory, all the more so because Randall had lost the contest the previous season. The game was over. There had been cheers for the winners and losers, and college cries and songs galore. “Come on over this way,” urged Tom to Sid and Phil, who had sat with him during the game. “I think I see Madge, Ruth and Mabel. There are a lot of Fairview girls here.” “Oh, trust you for seeing the lassies,” half-grumbled Sid, yet he followed, for he had more than a passing liking for Miss Harrison. As the trio approached the three girls, who were standing together on the side lines, Tom suddenly plucked his companions by their sleeves. “What’s up?” demanded Sid. “There’s Langridge and Gerhart going to speak to them,” said the end. “What?” cried Phil, and a red glow suffused the quarter-back’s face as he saw the former bully of Randall speaking to his sister. “I’ll not stand for that! I don’t want Ruth to have anything to do with him!” For Langridge was not the kind of a chap any fellow would want his sister to associate with. In times past Langridge had been quite friendly with Miss Madge Tyler, but when she had discovered certain things about him, she had cut his acquaintance. “Guess he’s trying to get in with her again,” suggested Sid. “I’ll put a stop to that!” exclaimed Phil, grimly, as he strode forward. Then he called peremptorily: “Ruth!” His sister looked up, caught his eye, blushed a little and, with a word to Langridge and Gerhart, moved off. Her two girl friends
followed, and seemed glad of the chance to get away from the two sportily-dressed lads. Langridge swung around, and at the sight of the three lads who, more than any others, had been instrumental in causing him to leave Randall, his face turned a dull red. “What’s wrong, Clinton?” he called, sharply. “Do you think your sister is too good to speak to me?” “He evidently does,” sneered Gerhart. “Since you ask me—I do,” replied Phil, calmly, and then he turned his back on the angry Boxer Hall students and began to talk to his sister and her friends, Tom and Sid joining in the conversation, not without a little sense of embarrassment. “Look here, if you think I’m going to stand for being insulted publicly this way, you’re mistaken, Clinton!” cried Langridge, hotly. He strode forward, while Gerhart tried in vain to hold him back. “Oh, Phil!” cried Ruth, reaching out her hand to halt her brother, but in an instant he had gone beyond where she stood. She clasped her hands in alarm, and Madge and Mabel, with heightened color, gathered close to her. Langridge and Phil faced each other with flashing eyes, and Gerhart stood just behind the former bully of Randall, looking a bit alarmed, for Langridge had torn from his grasp with considerable force. “Look out, Phil,” spoke Sid, in a low voice, but Langridge heard him. “You keep out of this!” he snapped. “I’ll settle with Clinton first, and then if you or Parsons want anything, you know where you can get it.” “Yes, and so do you!” declared Tom, stung by the bully’s words. More than once had the plucky end proved his words, too.
“Oh, Tom!” breathed Madge, and she laid a gentle hand on his coat sleeve. “Don’t—don’t let them—fight!” Tom slowly turned his gaze from the flushed and angry face of Langridge to that of the beautiful girl at his side. She was pale, but smiled bravely. It was a tense moment. Phil and the bully still stood facing each other, neither willing to give way. A little crowd, attracted by the impending clash, was approaching. Tom caught Sid’s eye, and the latter, with a quick motion, indicated that he and Tom must interfere to prevent an encounter, at least thus publicly. “You—you insulted me,” mumbled Langridge, his fists clenched, as he glared at Phil. “Impossible,” murmured Tom. “I told you the truth, in answer to your question,” retorted the quarter-back. “You brought it on yourself.” “But why you should consider that my speaking to your sister was an insult, I can’t quite make out,” declared Langridge, with a sneer. “Neither she, Miss Tyler nor Miss Harrison resented it. But perhaps you consider yourself the knight errant of all girls. If so——” “That will do!” interrupted Phil, sharply. “Leave my sister and her friends out of this discussion, if you please!” “And if I don’t please,” sneered Langridge, “for I assure you that I do not, and——” Phil fairly jumped for the bully and Ruth uttered a little cry. In another instant there would have been a scene which Phil, in his calmer moments would have regretted as greatly as any one.
CHAPTER X THE BIG CALIFORNIAN Tom saw what was about to happen, and his ready hand fell on his chum’s shoulder. “Not here! Not now!” he whispered into his ear. “Some other time, Phil. Think of your sister—of the other girls. A crowd is gathering. Not now! Not now!” Phil made a motion as if to shake off the restraining grasp, and then thought better of it. In the meanwhile, Sid had casually stepped in front of Langridge. The left half-back motioned to Gerhart to call aside his chum, and the bully’s crony was only too glad to do this, for he was somewhat of a coward, and he feared lest he, too, be entangled in the quarrel which seemed imminent. “Go away, Langridge,” advised Sid, in a low voice. “If you want satisfaction later I’m sure our friend will give it to you. But not now.” “Yes, come on,” urged Gerhart, linking his arm in that of his friend. He swung him around, and Langridge, with a vindictive look at Phil, allowed himself to be led away. At the same time Tom, with a forced laugh, for the benefit of the crowd, walked Phil to one side. “Say something!” he whispered, hoarsely. “Laugh, Phil, if you don’t want to make it unpleasant for the girls. The people are beginning to ask questions.” The quarter-back at once rallied to save the situation. He clapped Tom on the back, and exclaimed: “That’s pretty good, old fellow! Pretty good. You must tell that story at the next frat. dinner. But it was a great game, wasn’t it?
Now, come on, Ruth, and we’ll all go and have something to drink. Hot chocolate wouldn’t be bad.” “Most delightful,” chimed in Miss Harrison, with a grateful look at Sid and Tom, as she gallantly threw herself into the breach. “So good of you,” murmured Ruth, smiling, though her paleness belied her meaningless words, and she was trembling. The three lads, each walking beside one of the girls—Tom with Ruth, Phil with Madge Tyler, and Sid with Miss Harrison—strolled toward the entrance gate of the football field. “Nobly done, old chap,” whispered Tom. The crowd began to melt away. “I thought there was going to be a fight,” murmured one disappointed lad, whose “loud” clothes bespoke his sporting proclivities. “There was,” answered a companion, “only something stopped it.” “Who are those three fellows?” asked another lad from Boxer Hall —a freshman evidently. “What—don’t you know the three inseparables?” inquired the “sport.” “Not to know them argues yourself unknown.” The girls were more at their ease now, and Phil, who had started what had so nearly been trouble, did not refer to it, to the great relief of his sister. Really, the interview with Langridge had been unsought on the part of the girls, and they had done their best to avoid speaking to him, without being downright insulting. Miss Tyler and Miss Harrison began a series of gay nothings, and Ruth was soon drawn into the conversation, to which Tom, Phil and Sid contributed their share. “Oh, tell us about the clock and chair mystery, boys,” begged Ruth, when they had left the place where they had partaken of hot
chocolate. “Phil said something about it, but I had to drag it out of him like a lawyer cross-questioning a reluctant witness.” “My! Listen to Portia!” cried Madge. “But we should dearly love to hear about the queer happenings.” Thereupon the three young men together and separately, told of the disappearance of their beloved chair, the missing clock, the appearance of the mahogany timepiece, and their ineffectual search for clews. “And if Langridge didn’t have a hand in it, I’ll eat my hat, saving the presence of you ladies,” declared Tom. “Only I can’t get Sid or Phil to agree with me.” “What about, eating your hat?” demanded the quarter-back. “Don’t let us interfere with that pleasure. Go ahead. If yours isn’t enough, you may have a couple of bites out of mine.” “Oh, you know what I mean,” declared Tom, in a little huff. “If you mean about Langridge, I don’t agree with you,” put in Sid. “He never had his finger in this pie.” “Right, Oh!” exclaimed Phil, and then the discussion started all over again, and lasted until the girls declared that they must return to Fairview. “Well, what do you think of it, fellows?” asked Tom, some time later, when the three chums were on their way back to their rooms. “Think Langridge will start anything?” “No,” was Sid’s opinion. “I guess he’ll be glad to let well enough alone.” “I suppose you think I didn’t do exactly right to make the break I did,” ventured Phil, “but I couldn’t stand it to see him talking to Ruth.” “Me, either!” declared Tom, so heartily that the other two laughed, and the little strained feeling that had manifested itself passed away.
As they strolled down the corridor the three lads nearly ran into a youth who turned the corner of the hall suddenly. “I beg your pardon, strangers!” he exclaimed, in a full, rich voice. “I sure didn’t see you coming, nor yet hear you. I guess I’m in the wrong pew.” Tom and his chums saw confronting them a tall, well-built lad—big would be the more proper term, for he was big in every way. Six feet if he was an inch, and broad in proportion. He stood regarding them without a trace of embarrassment, a stranger in a strange place, evidently. For a moment Tom had a wild idea that the mystery of the chair and clock was about to be solved. He had not seen the youth before, and he might be a clever thief who had sneaked into the college. “What did you want?” asked Phil, quickly. “And who are you?” demanded Tom. “I beg your pardon,” went on the stranger. “I’ve just arrived at Randall, and Mr. Zane showed me to my room. I left it and went outside, but when I came in again, either someone took my apartment, or, as I said, I’m on the wrong front stoop. Simpson is my name, Frank Simpson. I’m from California, and I’ve been attending Leland Stanford University, but father’s business called him East permanently, and so I decided to come to Randall. I’ve just arrived,” he concluded. “Simpson,” murmured Phil, wondering where he had heard the name before. “With a capital ‘S’,” put in the strange student, with a whimsical smile. “Oh, you’re the fellow Jerry Jackson was speaking of,” exclaimed Tom, recalling the Jersey twin’s reference to some new students who were due to arrive at Randall.
“Much obliged to Mr. Jackson, whoever he may be,” spoke the tall youth, “but I haven’t the honor of his acquaintance.” “Oh, you’ll soon know him,” added Sid. “And so you’re from California, eh?” “Yes, but I think I’m going to like it here,” was the response. “They tell me there was a Freshman football game to-day. Did our boys win?” he asked, eagerly. “You see, I’m making myself right at home, calling ’em our boys.” “That’s the way to do,” declared Tom, who, somehow, felt a sudden liking for the stranger. “Are you interested in football?” “I played—some—at Stanford,” was the modest reply, “but I suppose it’s too late to get on the team here. You’re all made up, I hear.” “Made and unmade,” murmured Tom, in a low voice. “Jove!” he added under his breath, as he took in the proportions of the big Californian, “what a guard or tackle he’d make!”
CHAPTER XI A NEW COMPLICATION “Oh, hang it all!” burst out Phil Clinton, as he tossed aside his trigonometry. “What’s the matter?” inquired Tom, looking up from his Latin prose. “Have you got the dink-bots?” was Sid’s gentle question, as he kept on carefully mounting a butterfly, one of the specimens he had captured during the summer, and had laid aside until a leisure moment to care for properly. “I don’t know what it is, but I can’t get my mind down to study,” went on the quarter-back. “You never could,” declared Tom, fortifying himself behind the sofa in case Phil should turn violent. It was the evening after the Freshman game, and the three chums were in their study, after the meeting with the big Californian, as Frank Simpson had at once been dubbed. He had been directed to his room, which was on the floor above the apartment of our heroes, and he had gone off thanking them warmly. “What’s the main trouble?” asked Tom. “Oh, nothing in particular; but I guess I’m thinking of too many other things. There’s that little run-in I had with Langridge, seeing the game to-day, worrying about the clock and chair mystery, and wondering how our eleven is going to make out.” “It’s enough to drive you to—cigarettes,” admitted Tom. “But I ——”
“Say, I’ll tell you what let’s do,” broke in Sid. “Let’s invite that Simpson chap down here. He must be sort of lonesome, being a stranger here. I saw him going off to his room after grub, and none of the fellows spoke to him. Now, Randall isn’t that kind of a college. True, we don’t know much about him, but he looks the right sort. It won’t do any harm to have him down here and talk to him.” “Sure not,” agreed Phil at once. “Good idea,” declared Tom. “Shall we all go and invite him down, as a committee of three, or will one be enough?” “Oh, one,” replied Phil. “You go, Tom, you’re the homeliest. Have it as informal as possible.” “I like your nerve!” exclaimed the end. “However, I will go, for I like Simpson. I wish he was on the eleven. Wonder if he was any good at Stanford?” “Never heard of him setting the goal posts on fire,” came from Sid, “but you never can tell. If he has any football stuff in him Lighton will bring it out. We can tell Simpson to get into practice, anyhow.” “Randall needs just such material as he looks to be,” went on Tom, as he arose to go to the room of the Californian. “I rather hope he makes the ’varsity.” Frank Simpson very much appreciated the invitation he received, and a little later he was accorded a seat of honor on the sofa, and made to feel at home by our heroes, who plied him with questions about his native State, and what sort of a college Leland Stanford was. The newcomer at Randall answered genially, and, in turn, wanted to know many things. Particularly he was interested in football, and in response to Tom’s urging that he practice, he said that he would. “You fellows have quite a place here,” went on Frank, as his gaze roved admiringly about the room. “Quite a tidy shack.” “You don’t see the best part of it,” spoke Sid.
“How’s that?” inquired Frank. “Our old easy chair was mysteriously taken, and in place of a clock whose tick, while an aggravation, made us all feel at home, that timer was left in its place,” remarked Phil, before his chum had a chance to answer. And then the story of the queer happenings was told again. “Somebody’s rigging you, I guess,” was the opinion of the lad from Stanford. “I wouldn’t let ’em see that I was worried.” “Oh, we’re not, but we’d like to get our chair back,” replied Tom. “Something like that happened out in our college, when I was a freshman,” went on the newcomer, who, it developed, was in the Randall sophomore class. “We fellows missed things from our rooms and made quite a row about it, thinking a thief was busy. But it developed that there was a secret society of seniors whose sworn duty it was to furnish up their meeting-room with something taken from every fellow’s apartment in the college. Jove! But those fellows had a raft of stuff, every bit of it pilfered, and when we got next to it we stripped their meeting place as bare as a bone, and got our things back. Maybe that’s what’s happened here.” “It’s possible,” admitted Phil, “but we haven’t heard of any senior secret society like that. It’s worth looking up.” There was a knock on the door, and Holly Cross and Dutch Housenlager entered. They were introduced to Frank, and the congenial little party of lads talked of various matters, mostly football, until the striking of the new clock warned them that it was time for the proctor to begin his nightly rounds of discovery. Frank Simpson began football practice with the scrub eleven the next day, and though he was sneered at by some, Tom and his friends on the ’varsity at once saw that the Californian knew the game. Mr. Lighton did not have to have his attention called to the work of the newcomer, for he picked him out at once, and kept his eyes on him during the warm-up play.
“I shouldn’t wonder but what there’d be ’varsity material there,” the coach confided to the captain after the practice game was over, when the scrub had rolled up two touchdowns against their mates. “The land knows we need something to brace us up,” replied Kindlings, somewhat despondently. “Sam Looper is getting worse instead of better. They tore big holes through him to-day.” “I know it,” admitted Mr. Lighton. “And what will happen when Boxer Hall tackles us can be more than imagined, unless there’s a big improvement. But I’m going to watch Simpson.” The big Californian was of a genial temperament, and he endeavored to make friends with his fellows on the scrub, but, somehow or other, they rather resented his advances, and turned the cold shoulder to him. Hurt, but not despairing, Frank “flocked by himself” for a few days. He was becoming known as a “dig,” for he did well in the classroom. Then Tom, and his two mates, seeing how the wind was blowing, made a special point to invite the newcomer to their room more frequently. They took him to their bosoms, and their warm welcome more than made up for the coldness on the part of some of the others. It was not an intentional slight by those who did not welcome Simpson. Don’t get that impression, for there was a warm school spirit at Randall. Only, somehow, it took a little longer for a stranger to make friends, coming in after the term had started, than it did before. Then, too, the fact that he had not passed his freshman year there was a bit against him. But Tom, Phil and Sid minded this not in the least, and soon Frank was made to feel quite at home, for which he was duly grateful. “It’s mighty white of you fellows, to treat me this way, like a friend and a brother,” he said, feelingly, one night, after a session in the room. “Oh, get out! Why shouldn’t we?” demanded Sid.
“Of course,” spoke Tom. “Well, lots of fellows wouldn’t go to the trouble, and I appreciate it,” went on the lad from the Golden Gate. “All I want now is to make the ’varsity, and I’ll be happy!” “You may be nearer getting on than you think,” murmured Phil, for in practice that day Snail Looper had done worse than ever, while Frank was a tower of strength to the scrub, which had almost beaten the first team. In spite of their work on the gridiron, our heroes did not forget to look for clews to the missing chair and clock. Only none developed, search and pry about as they did. The big Californian helped them by suggestions, but there proved to be nothing in his theory of a purloining secret society, and Tom and his chums did not know which way to turn next. The date for the game with Newkirk was drawing closer, and practice was correspondingly harder. It was one afternoon, following a gruelling hour on the field, that as Tom, his two chums, and Frank were walking toward the gymnasium, they saw several members of the faculty entering the house of President Churchill. “Hello! What’s up?” exclaimed Tom. “Something, evidently,” answered Phil. “Have any of you fellows been cutting up?” asked Sid, with suspicious looks at his companions. They quickly entered denials. Clearly there was something extraordinary in the meeting that had evidently been called, for the professors wore grave looks as they entered the residence of the head. “I hope none of the ’varsity crowd has been misbehaving himself, and will get laid off the team,” went on Phil, who felt that he carried the weight of the eleven on his shoulders. “We’re in bad enough shape now.”
“Here comes Wallops, let’s ask him,” suggested Tom, and when the messenger approached they plied him with questions. “I don’t rightly know what it is,” answered Wallops, “but it is something important and serious, so I heard Mr. Zane saying to Professor Tines, when he gave him word about the meeting. It has something to do with the title to the land on which the college is built. I believe some one has laid claim to it, on account of a cloud on the title, but I really don’t understand legal terms.” “Do you mean that Randall College is in danger of losing some of the property?” gasped Phil, as he looked around at the fine campus, the athletic field, and the group of buildings. “It’s something like that,” went on the messenger. “I heard Mr. Zane say the land might be taken by the heirs of some old man who once had a claim on it.” “Well, what would happen if he could make good his claim?” asked Sid. “I don’t know, but I suppose the heirs could say the college was theirs, being built on their ground, or they could tear it down. But I don’t rightly know,” concluded Wallops. “Probably it will be known after the meeting.” “More trouble for old Randall!” groaned Tom, as he and his chums watched the gathering of the solemn professors.
CHAPTER XII THE MISSING DEED Bad news, they say, travels fast, and certainly it must have made a record trip throughout the length and breadth of Randall that afternoon. Tom and the others had scarcely changed from their football togs into ordinary clothes before half a score of their fellows demanded to know if they had heard the rumors that were flying around. “We sure have,” replied Tom. “How much truth is there in them, Jerry Jackson?” “I don’t know,” replied the Jersey twin. “We only heard as much as you did,” echoed his brother. “Prexy will make an announcement at chapel to-morrow morning, if there’s anything in it,” declared Dutch Housenlager. “Then I wish it was chapel time now,” murmured Phil. “I don’t like this suspense.” “Me either,” declared Sid. “Well, there’s one consolation,” put in Frank Simpson. “If it’s got anything to do with the law there’s no present danger that the college will be torn down—not before the football season is over, anyhow.” “Why not?” demanded Tom. “Because the law is so slow. If it’s a question of title to land it can go through several courts before it’s definitely decided. I know
because my father’s a lawyer, and he’s had several cases of disputed titles.” “Well, there’s something in that,” declared Phil. “But I don’t like to think of old Randall being in any kind of danger. It makes me uneasy.” The talk became general, and there were many speculations as to what the trouble really was, and what the outcome would be. The conversation continued after our friends had gone to their room, whither flocked a number of their chums to discuss the situation. For the time being football was forgotten, and the trouble of Randall held the centre of the stage. “Well, there’s no use worrying about a bridge, until you hear the rustle of its wings,” said Sid at length. “What we fellows need to do is to get out and make a noise like having some fun,” opined Dutch Housenlager. “When the cat’s gone on her vacation, the mice eat bread and cheese, you know. Proc. Zane is closeted with the bunch of highbrows, and so what’s the matter with cutting up some?” “Dutch, I’m surprised at you!” exclaimed Tom, reproachfully. “Why? What’s the matter?” asked the fun-loving youth, innocently. “Wanting to skylark at a time like this, just because the authorities are in statuo quo,” went on Tom. “Not on your life, Dutch! It’s fun enough to play some tricks when you’re taking chances on getting caught. Now it would be like taking pie from a baby in arms.” “I guess you’re right,” admitted Dutch Housenlager, contritely. “We’ll defer the operation,” he went on, in solemn tones. “I think the patient will survive until morning.” Seldom had there been such an attendance at service as greeted Dr. Churchill when he stood on the platform in the Booker Memorial Chapel the next morning. The early sun glinted in through the stained glass windows, and seemed to pervade the room with a mystic light that added to the solemnity of the occasion.
The Scriptural selection was from one of the Psalms of David—one of those beautiful prose poems which are such a comfort in times of trouble. And as the vibrant tones of the venerable president’s voice rose and fell, when he feelingly spoke the words, it seemed to the boys, careless and happy-go-lucky as they might be ordinarily, that a new dignity and depth of appreciation was theirs. After the prayer, which was in keeping with the Bible reading, Dr. Churchill arose, and came slowly to the edge of the platform. He stood for a moment, silently contemplating the throng of earnest young faces raised to his, and then he spoke. “Men of Randall,” he began, solemnly, “we are facing a crisis in the history of our college. Men of Randall, it behooves us to meet it bravely, and with our faces to the enemy. Men of Randall, we may be at the parting of the ways, and so, being men together, I speak to you as men.” The good doctor paused, and a sound, as of a great sigh, passed through the assemblage. Usually when the doctor had any announcement to make, he addressed the students as “young gentlemen.” They felt the change in the appellation more than any amount of talk would have impressed them. “Doubtless you have heard rumors of the crisis in our affairs,” went on the president, after taking off his glasses, slowly wiping them, and replacing the frames back of his ears, over which the white locks fell. “Whatever you have heard I beg of you to disregard to this extent, that you do not repeat it. In evil times words increase trouble. I will tell you the truth as nearly as I and the gentlemen associated with me can come at it. “Randall College, as you know, was built many years ago. The land was purchased from a fund left by a gentleman who had the good of the youth of this land at heart. Other endowments enabled buildings to be put up. In all these years no hint of trouble has come to us, but now we are confronting a fact, not a theory, as your political science teaches you.
“The land whereon Randall and the various buildings stand, yes, where there is laid out the fields for the pursuit of baseball and football, and I think I am right in assuming this to be the football season?” The president paused, and glanced questioningly at the proctor, whom he evidently took for an authority on sports. For Dr. Churchill, while an enthusiastic supporter of every team in the college, knew rather less about the various terms, and times of games than the average baby. The proctor nodded in acquiescence. “Even the very football field is under suspicion,” continued the president, and there was another great sigh, mainly from that section of the chapel where sat Tom and his chums. “In fact the entire ground on which the college is built has been claimed by outsiders. “The facts, in brief, are these: When the land was purchased there were several persons who had interests therein. From them releases, in the form of quit-claim deeds, were obtained, and then it was thought that the corporation of Randall had a clear title. Now it develops that a certain Simon Hess was one of the persons who gave a quit-claim deed, after being paid for his share in the land. “That deed, I regret to say, can not be found, and in the absence of it, it is as if it never existed. Simon Hess is dead, but he left several heirs, and they are now making a claim against the college. Perhaps they might not be so eager, were it not for certain lawyers who are apparently urging them on. “An attempt was made to settle with them when they made their claim known, but the lawyers insisted that their clients prosecute their suits, and so the hope of compromise was abandoned. It seems that they want the life’s blood of our college, and, as you know, we are not a wealthy institution. “Yesterday I received from Mr. Franklin Langridge, the lawyer who represents the claimants, a demand for a large cash settlement if their claim was abandoned. I need hardly say that Randall is in no
position to pay a large amount in cash. I called a meeting of the faculty, and we came to that conclusion. I have so notified Mr. Langridge.” At the first mention of that name there had been an uneasy movement among the students. At its repetition, when it was whispered around that this was the father of Fred Langridge, the former bully of the college, the movement became more pronounced. “Mr. Langridge,” went on the president, when he was suddenly interrupted by a series of hisses. Dr. Churchill started. Mr. Zane hurriedly whispered to him, explaining that it was only the name of Langridge that thus met with disapprobation. The venerable president raised his hand for silence. “Men of Randall,” he said, solemnly, “that was unworthy of you.” The hissing stopped instantly. “And so our college is in danger,” continued the good doctor, after a pause, “but we must face it bravely. We will not give way to it. We will meet it like men! We will fight the good fight. We will——” “Three cheers for Randall College and Dr. Churchill!” yelled Bean Perkins, leaping to his feet and forgetting that he was in chapel— forgetting that it was a solemn occasion—forgetting everything save that he was wrought up to the point of frenzy. “Three cheers, and the biggest tiger that ever wore stripes, fellows!” Oh, what a shout there was! Every student was on his feet in an instant, yelling at the top of his voice. Even some of the faculty joined in, and Dr. Emerson Tines was observed to be wildly waving his hands. How the cheers rang out! And then the tiger! Dr. Churchill blew his nose violently, and wiped his glasses several times, for there was a mist of tears on them. He tried to speak—to go on—but he was too affected. Slowly he turned, and walked back to his seat amid the faculty. And then Bean Perkins did what forever covered him with glory,
wherever, in after years, the stories of Randall College were told. Jumping up on one of the pews, he raised his hand for silence. Then, in a voice that was singularly sweet and clear, he started that school song: “Aut Vincere, Aut Mori!” Welled out the strains from hundreds of throats—the song of songs—the song that was always sung in times of victory, or when the teams on diamond or gridiron seemed to be putting up a losing fight—the song that had snatched many a victory from defeat. Forth it rolled, deep-voiced and solemn, sung in the original Latin, in which it had been composed years ago by a gifted graduate: “Aut Vincere, Aut Mori!”—“Either We Conquer, or We Die!” It was the rallying cry to the battle that confronted the college.
CHAPTER XIII THE FIRST GAME Silence followed what was probably the most remarkable scene that had ever taken place at chapel in the history of Randall. A deep, heart-felt silence, which was almost as impressive as the unexpected singing had been. Some of the students were fairly panting from the emotion which had racked them, for they had been stirred as they seldom were before. Slowly Dr. Churchill arose from the chair, and again approached the edge of the platform. His voice broke as he spoke a few words. “Men of Randall, I thank you,” he said impressively and simply. “You may rest assured that nothing will be left undone to save the old college, which has no more loyal supporters than yourselves, and, I may add, than the gentlemen associated with me on the faculty.” He paused a moment, as if he would say more, and then, with a motion of his hand, dismissed the assemblage. In silence the students filed out, and it was not until they were some distance away from the chapel, broken up into little groups, that they began discussing the situation. Even then it was in hushed voices, as if the enemies of Randall might be hiding about, listening for something of which they could take advantage. “Wallops wasn’t far out,” remarked Tom, who, with Phil, Sid and some other friends, was walking slowly along. “No,” came from the quarter-back, “but wouldn’t it get your Angora, though? To think of there being a flaw in the title all these years, and someone only just now taking advantage of it!”
“I wonder what can have become of the missing quit-claim deed?” ventured Sid. “No telling,” remarked Holly Cross. “Prexy said it was given by a Simon Hess,” went on Tom. “I’ve heard that name before, somewhere, but I can’t recall it.” “I was telling you about our chair having been in the Hess family,” explained Sid. “Don’t you remember, I said it was one of the Hess heirlooms when we bought it of Hatterly, the Senior.” “That’s right,” agreed Tom. “Fancy that now! Maybe next they’ll be accusing us of having the missing deed, because we have some of the Hess property.” “We haven’t got it, you mean,” put in Phil. “Our chair is still in a state of non est.” “Haven’t you located that venerable piece of architecture yet?” asked Dutch Housenlager, with a sly putting forth of his foot, in an effort to trip Tom. Dutch was always up to some horse-play. “No, we haven’t found it, and I guess we’re not likely to,” went on the end, as he spoiled the efforts of Dutch by hitting him a playful blow in the side. “The mystery of the clock is still unexplained. Our offer to trade back hasn’t had any takers.” “Oh, you fellows make me tired, always talking about your old relics!” broke in Kindlings. “You had much better be considering some new football plays, or how to help Randall out of the hole she’s in.” “Out of the hole some rascally lawyers got her in, you’d better say,” corrected Holly Cross. “This trouble never would have developed, if it hadn’t been that some legal sharps stirred it up, for the hope of a fat fee, I presume.” “And Langridge’s father, of all lawyers!” put in Sid. “You’d have thought that since his son once went here, he’d have had the
decency not to appear in the case, and would have left it for some one else.” “Maybe he’s doing it on purpose, just because his son had to leave here,” suggested Tom. “Shouldn’t wonder a bit,” agreed Captain Woodhouse. “But, say, don’t let this trouble get on your minds, fellows, so that you can’t play football. We’re going up against Newkirk day after to-morrow, you know, and while we’ll probably roll up a big score against ’em, we can’t take any chances. Hard practice this afternoon. We want to wipe up the field with the scrub.” “We’ll be on hand, captain!” promised Phil, and the other players shouted their assents. The students went to their various studies, still talking over the scene of the morning, and what it portended. It was learned, later in the day, that the best legal talent possible had been engaged to fight the claim of the Hess heirs for the Randall land, and that a vigorous search would be made for the missing quit-claim deed, without which the college could not prove a clear title to the property. It also was hinted that Mr. Langridge was not altogether actuated by purely legal motives in prosecuting the claim against the college. When it became known that the father of Garvey Gerhart was associated with him in the law business, there were few students who did not believe that the two men were acting as much out of revenge because their sons had been forced from Randall, as from any other motive. “But it will take some time to get the land away from the college trustees, even if they lose the case,” explained Frank Simpson, “so there won’t be any football games cancelled.” He was in his uniform, and was walking out on the field with Tom and the others to the practice. “I only wish he was going to be in the game with us against Newkirk instead of the Snail,” mused Tom, as the scrub and ’varsity
lined up. “We’d stand a better chance to pile up a big score.” But Sam Looper seemed to do better that afternoon, and was complimented by the coach for some good tackles he made, as well as for his ability in breaking through the scrub line. “Oh, maybe he won’t be so bad,” conceded the captain, hopefully. The practice was hard and gruelling, but it brought out a number of weak spots, which were impressed upon the players, that they might avoid them. Also some faults in plays were discovered, and measures taken to correct them. There was more hard practice the following day, when the scrub, mainly through the fine playing of the new member, Frank Simpson, came perilously near scoring, which they had been prevented from doing of late. The big Californian was showing up wonderfully well, and he was making more friends by his sterling character. At last came the time for the first regular ’varsity game of the season, and though Newkirk was considered a sort of second-rate rival, there had been a marked improvement in her playing of late, so that the Randallites understood they were to have no walkover. The grandstands were filled with a motley crowd of students, men and women spectators and pretty girls galore, for nearly all the feminine contingent of Fairview Institute was on hand, shrilly cheering, or singing for their favorite team, and waving the colors of their own college, intermingled with those of Randall or Newkirk. It is no exaggeration to say that the yellow and maroon of Randall predominated, and when Tom, Phil and Sid looked toward a certain section of grandstand A, which location had previously been brought to their attention, they saw three particularly pretty girls, waving the colors that meant so much to them. “Madge, Ruth and Mabel are there,” announced Tom, as he followed his mates into the dressing room. “Glad of it,” remarked Phil. “It sort of makes you feel as if you could play better when——”
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Wroxs Sql Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George

  • 1. Wroxs Sql Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George download https://ebookbell.com/product/wroxs-sql-server-2005-express- edition-starter-kit-rajesh-george-928978 Explore and download more ebooks at ebookbell.com
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  • 6. Wrox’s SQL Server™ 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit
  • 8. Wrox’s SQL Server™ 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Rajesh George and Lance Delano
  • 9. Wrox’s SQL Server™ 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2006 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN-13: 978-0-7645-8923-2 ISBN-10: 0-7645-8923-7 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1B/SR/RS/QV/IN Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data George, Rajesh, 1974- Wrox’s SQL server 2005 : express edition starter kit / Rajesh George and Lance Delano. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7645-8923-2 (paper/CD-ROM+online) ISBN-10: 0-7645-8923-7 (paper/CD-ROM+online) 1. SQL server. 2. Client/server computing. 3. Database management. I. Delano, Lance, 1957- . II. Title. QA76.9.C55G46 2005 005.2’768--dc22 2005025426 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as per- mitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355 or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HERE- FROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITA- TION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, Wrox, the Wrox logo, Programmer to Programmer, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. SQL Server is a trademark of Microsoft Corpo- ration in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective own- ers. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.“Microsoft” is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries and is used by Wiley Publishing, Inc. under license from owner. [Wrox’s SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit] is an independent publication not affiliated with Microsoft Corporation.” Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
  • 10. About the Authors Rajesh George is one of the founders of the SQL Server Express project within Microsoft, and has been involved in many of the key design decisions. He worked as a program manager on the SQL Server team responsible for various functionalities in SQL Server Express, MSDE, and SQL Data Access layers. He has spoken at several conferences and has authored the SQL Server Express Overview white paper on Microsoft.com. With prior software development experience in the Windows team at Microsoft as well as companies such as Nortel Networks and Netscape, he is currently a development manager at Amazon.com. Rajesh holds a Masters in Computer Science from Mississippi State University and MBA from University of Washington. You can reach him directly at contactgeorger@yahoo.com. Lance Delano is a lead program manager in Visual Studio. Lance has an extensive background in database tools including database design and query tools. He is heavily involved in the customer research, proposals, specification, and program management of SQL Server Express.
  • 12. Credits Executive Editor Robert Elliott Development Editor Sara Shlaer Technical Editor Andrew Watt Production Editor Felicia Robinson Copy Editor Kathryn Duggan Editorial Manager Mary Beth Wakefield Production Manager Tim Tate Vice President & Executive Group Publisher Richard Swadley Vice President and Executive Publisher Joseph B. Wikert Project Coordinator Ryan Steffen Graphics and Production Specialists Jonelle Burns Carrie Foster Laura Goddard Mary Gillot Virgin Lynsey Osborn Alicia B. South Quality Control Technician Jessica Kramer Proofreading and Indexing TECHBOOKS Production Services
  • 14. To my mother,Valsa George. Her determination and sacrifice remains an inspiration. —Rajesh George Thanks Natalie, and thanks kids, for the sacrifice you made so I could write this book. Now, let’s go camping. —Lance Delano
  • 16. Contents Acknowledgments xvii Introduction xix Who Should Read This Book xix What This Book Covers xix How This Book Is Structured xx Introduction to Concepts xx Rich Database Applications Development with SQL Server 2005 Express xxi Setup and Deployment xxi Developing Multi-User Applications xxii Appendix xxii What’s on the CD-ROM? xxii Conventions xxiii Source Code xxiii Errata xvi p2p.wrox.com xvi Part I: Introduction and Concepts 1 Chapter 1: Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition 3 Introducing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition 3 SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Highlights 5 Upgrading from Other Products 5 Features and Benefits of SSE 6 SSE User Scenarios 7 Desktop Application with Single-User SSE 8 Client/Server Application with Multi-User SSE 9 Application Replicating with a Central Office 10 Single-User ASP.NET Applications 11 ASP.NET Third-Party Hosting 12 Server Database Application 13 Licensing and Support 14 Visual Basic or C# 14
  • 17. xii Contents Installing SSE and Visual Basic Express 15 Hardware and Software Requirements for SSE 15 Hardware and Software Requirements for Visual Basic Express 2005 15 Installation Steps 16 Summary 18 Exercises 18 Chapter 2: Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition 19 Basic Database Concepts 19 Introduction to SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition 22 Using SSMS-EE for the First Time 22 Using Transact-SQL (T-SQL) with Query Editor 27 Using Data Definition Language (DDL) 29 Using Data Manipulation Language (DML) 31 Stored Procedures and Functions 34 Using Table Relationships 37 Querying on Multiple Tables 38 Using a View 40 Summary 42 Exercises 42 Chapter 3: Creating a Simple Database Application 43 Creating Your First Application 44 Adding a Database to Your Project 46 Working with Your Database in Database Explorer 47 Configuring a Data Source 50 Creating a Windows Form 52 Building and Debugging Your Application 53 Fixing up the Properties 53 Testing Your Application 55 Summary 56 Exercises 56 Part II: Rich Database Applications Development with SQL Server Express 57 Chapter 4: Developing a Rich Client Database Application 59 Designing Your Database in VB Express 59 Creating a Master-Detail Form 63
  • 18. xiii Contents Working Directly with Components 69 Working with the Binding Source 73 Using DataSet and DataTable 74 Working with TableAdapter 76 Printing 77 Summary 78 Exercises 79 Chapter 5: Developing a Rich Web Database Application 81 Creating a Web Application Using Web Express 82 Master Pages 83 Adding a Database 85 Filtering Data 88 Inserting Data 91 Working with Master Detail 93 Help with More Complex Queries 96 Summary 98 Exercises 99 Chapter 6: Understanding Xcopy Deployment and User Instance Model 101 Introduction to Xcopy 101 Automating Connectivity to the SSE Instance 102 Understanding the User Instance Model 104 Getting Deeper into User Instances 106 ADO.NET Extensions for User Instance 107 Initialization of a User Instance 107 A Security Model Using File Permissions 108 Who Can Connect to a User Instance? 110 Using SSEUtil 111 How Is User Instance Different from a SSE Instance Running as a Service? 113 T-SQL Extensions for Managing User Instance 115 Summary 116 Exercises 117 Chapter 7: Using XML in Your Database Application 119 Creating an XML Schema Definition 120 Creating a Schema Collection in SSE 124 Creating a Column with an XML Data Type 126
  • 19. xiv Contents Populating an XML Column with Data 128 Querying an XML Column 130 Summary 132 Exercises 132 Chapter 8: Debugging Database Applications 133 Basic Verification 134 Tracing Output 135 VB Express Debugger 137 Assertions 140 T-SQL Debugging 141 SQL CLR Debugging 143 Summary 144 Exercises 144 Part III: Setup and Deployment 145 Chapter 9: Understanding SQL Server Express Setup 147 Installing SSE with the Setup Graphical User Interface 147 Post-Installation Verification 162 Silently Installing SSE 163 Using Command Line Parameters to Install SSE Silently 163 Using INI Files to Install SSE 169 Understanding Log Files and Dealing with Setup Errors 169 Detecting SSE Programmatically 170 Adding or Removing SSE 2005 Features 170 Uninstalling SSE 175 Summary 177 Exercises 178 Chapter 10: Deploying Your Application 179 Deploying Your Application 180 Updating Your Application 183 Publishing Your Web Application 188 Summary 191 Exercises 191
  • 20. xv Contents Chapter 11: Migrating from Microsoft Desktop Engine (MSDE) 193 Understanding Microsoft Desktop Engine (MSDE) 193 MSDE Concurrency Workload Governor 194 Usage Scenarios 195 Comparing MSDE and SSE 195 Migrating Applications to SSE 198 MSDE Setup and Servicing 201 Upgrading MSDE to SSE 204 MSDE to SSE Upgrade Rules 204 Automatically Upgrading MSDE to SSE 207 Manually Upgrading MSDE to SSE 216 Summary 218 Exercises 219 Chapter 12: Migrating from Jet and Microsoft Access to MSDE and SSE 221 Introduction to Microsoft Access and Jet 221 Comparing SSE, MSDE, and Jet 223 Introduction to Access Project Development with MSDE 228 Migrating from Jet to MSDE or SSE 235 Upgrading from Access Database to Access Projects 236 Upgrading Database Objects 236 Upgrading Application Objects 238 Mapping DAO to ADO 239 Summary 245 Exercises 246 Part IV: Developing Multi-User Applications 247 Chapter 13: Securing Your Multi-User Database Application 249 Introduction to SSE Security 249 SSE Objects Hierarchy 250 Principals Who Can Access the SSE Objects 252 Permissions 259 Access Control 262 SSE Security Model 264 Connecting to SSE 265 Authentication Modes Supported by SSE 266 Permissions Hierarchy 267 Verifying Permissions 271 Summary 272 Exercises 272
  • 21. xvi Contents Chapter 14: Upgrading from SSE to Other SQL Server 2005 Editions 273 Introducing SQL Server 2005 Editions 273 Reasons to Upgrade from SSE 275 Features Offered by SQL Server 2005 Editions 276 Manageability 276 Scalability 277 High Availability 277 Performance 278 Business Intelligence 279 Messaging and Notification 280 Upgrading from SSE to Editions of SQL Server 2005 280 Upgrading Your Database Application 280 Upgrading SSE Using the Graphical User Interface 287 Summary 292 Exercises 293 Chapter 15: Building Robust Multi-User Database Applications 295 Choosing and Creating Primary Keys 295 Creating Alternate Keys 304 Creating Constraints 305 Views 306 Table-Valued Functions 308 Transactions 310 Moving Your SSE Application to a Server 313 Summary 315 Exercises 315 Appendix A: Exercise Answers 317 Index 339
  • 22. Acknowledgments First of all I would like to thank the staff at Wiley. Many thanks to Robert Elliott, the executive editor, for the direction, and helping this project gain momentum. Words of appreciation to Sara Shlaer, Andrew Watt, Felicia Robinson, and Kathryn Duggan for help with editing, deadlines, and project management. At different stages of research and book preparation, many colleagues, friends, and reviewers helped in various ways. My appreciation goes to: Michael Edwards, James Hamilton, and Tanmoy Dutta. Finally, I would like to thank my family for the support and encouragement. I could not have done this without you. Rajesh George October 2005 I would like to acknowledge all of the people in SQL Server who helped make SQL Server Express a reality. While many people worked on hard on this, two people who really came through in the end were Tanmoy Dutta and George Li. Additionally, I would like to thank the staff and management of Wiley for help in working through the manuscripts. In particular, I would like to call out Sara Shlaer for her help. And, most of all, I thank my family – and especially my wife – for their support and encouragement. Lance Delano October 2005
  • 24. Introduction SQL Server 2005 Express Edition (SSE) is the desktop version of Microsoft’s very popular SQL Server 2005 database product. SSE is free to use and redistribute and is packed with easy to use features. Microsoft has taken big steps in making SSE approachable and usable by all types of developers, from beginners to advanced users. Also all editions of Visual Studio 2005 accommodate SSE naturally in the project system so that developers will find it much easier to build and deploy local data applications with SQL Server by using SSE. If you want to understand how to use the free version of one of the world’s most popular and powerful databases, then this book is for you. Who Should Read This Book This book assumes you have very little background with either databases or programming. You may never have created a single application of any kind. Alternatively, you may have only created simple databases in Access. No prior programming experience is required, but you should have an aptitude for working with software and a desire to learn. If you have a desire to learn and an interest in storing information in a database—and in creating drop-dead simple applications to work with the data—this book has a lot to offer. The step-by-step samples cover all the major scenarios SSE is designed for, from installation and development to debugging and deployment. Alternatively, if you are a more experienced developer, you may find this book useful because it describes a number of new features that are unique to SSE that make working with SSE much easier than with its predecessor, MSDE. You get an insight into the SSE design and architecture from the authors who are intimately involved in the creation of many of these features. In addition, you will find useful information about the various deployment and programmatic features that are not properly documented. What This Book Covers This book focuses on using SSE to design and build your desktop and web applications. In addition to the tools supplied with SSE, Visual Basic Express 2005 and Web Express 2005 are used to for application development. The features that are unique to SSE such as Xcopy, User Instances, and deployment are also covered in detail. The Microsoft SQL Server Books Online focuses primarily on other editions of SQL Server, and the details specific to its free edition is often lost. You can use this book not only to jump start your database application development, but also as a reference on SSE features. In building and releasing SSE, the SQL Server team worked very closely with another division in Microsoft, the Visual Basic programming language team. Two resulting products, SQL Server 2005 Express Edition and Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition (VB Express), were designed to be released simultaneously. VB Express is a programming environment that is tailored to work well with SSE. Visual Basic, as a program- ming language, targets people who want to write code with a minimum of hassle, who want to get the right job done quickly and easily. This book then, is about building and working with databases using SSE and VB Express. Working with VB Express is not a requirement for working with SSE. If you choose, you can just read and use the sections on SSE.
  • 25. xx Introduction In this book, you learn how to: ❑ Design and work with basic database objects ❑ Install and start working with SSE ❑ Create simple database applications (without a single line of code) ❑ Create rich database applications (with a small amount of code) ❑ Create web-based applications that use your database ❑ Deploy your application and your database ❑ Use XML in your database ❑ Develop secure database applications ❑ Upgrade from Microsoft Access or previous versions of MSDE ❑ Move your SSE database to higher versions of SQL Server How This Book Is Structured There are four major areas in this book. The first part is a basic introduction to SQL Server, VB Express, and some basics of working with databases. Next, you move into richer application development topics. In the third part, you will learn some of the details of setting up and distributing SSE in scenarios that are more sophisticated. Finally, there is a section on developing multi-user applications. The following sections introduce each part in more detail. Introduction to Concepts Chapter 1 is about getting started with SQL Server Express. Everyone should read this chapter because it quickly outlines the high-level features, benefits, and usage scenarios intended for SSE. It gives an overview of the licensing and support policies and gets you started installing SSE on your machine. Chapter 2 introduces basic database concepts that are important to understand in designing your database. It also shows you how to install and work with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition (SSMS-EE), the management tool for SSE. Chapter 2 also gives you an overview of all the basic database objects and how to create and manipulate them using Transact-SQL. This includes databases, tables, views, queries, and stored procedures. You should read this chapter if you want to understand how to use SSMS-EE to manage your database and create your objects. Chapter 3 walks you through the basics of using VB Express to create a simple, single table, database application without writing a single line of code. VB Express has graphical tools that allow you to create the same database objects, including the database itself, tables, views, queries, and stored procedures. In this chapter, you will build and debug a very simple, but fully functional, database application. You should read this chapter if you want to know how to work with VB Express to create simple database applications.
  • 26. xxi Introduction Rich Database Applications Development with SQL Server 2005 Express Chapter 4 is a continuation of your experience in working with VB Express. The database you created in the previous chapter will be used in this chapter to develop a rich client database application. The application you build in this chapter is more “real world.” You should read this chapter if you want to know how to use VB Express to build richer database applications. Chapter 5 moves you to the web development experience. Using the same basic application that you built in Chapter 4, you will create a rich web-based database application. In particular, you will learn about how to work with SSE in web applications. You will also learn about master pages and other web controls. Chapter 6 explains the details behind the Xcopy feature of SSE. It is the Xcopy feature that allows you to treat your database like a normal file. You can copy the database and your other associated files from one machine to another like you do any other windows file. In particular, you will learn about the auto-attach, autoclose, and the user instances features along with the security model around it. You will also learn about the SSEUtil tool that can connect and work with User Instances. Chapter 7 explains how you can use XML in your database. XML is a very popular storage and transmittal data format. SSE allows you to store and query XML data in your database. In this chapter, you will create an XML Schema Definition (XSD) file in VB Express and then store it in SSE. Then, when you define a column that has an XML data type, you will reference that XSD. With the XML column defined, you will insert data into it and then query it. Chapter 8 instructs you on how to debug your database application. You learn basic validation and verification techniques to ensure that your database is being updated correctly. You also learn how to use trace flags, assertions, and the VB Express debugger. Setup and Deployment Chapter 9 explains the many options available for setting up SSE. Some options you will learn about include what instance to use, how to get the right tools, how to use the command-line silent install, and networking and authentication options. If you have specialized needs on how you install or redistribute SSE along with your application, you should read this chapter. Chapter 10 is an extension, in some ways, of the previous chapter. In this chapter, you learn how to deploy both your application and SSE. VB Express has a new ClickOnce feature that enables you to publish and deploy both your rich client application and SSE to your user’s machines. This chapter will be particularly important to you if you plan to distribute your application to multiple people. Chapter 11 shows you how to migrate your data from MSDE to SSE. Because the feature set in SSE is not exactly the same as MSDE, you should be careful of some things. There are a number of choices to consider, including whether you upgrade manually or automatically and whether your MSDE database qualifies for an automatic upgrade. This chapter is important to anyone currently using MSDE.
  • 27. xxii Introduction Chapter 12 explains how to move from Microsoft Access to MSDE and SSE. It is important to know what you can actually transfer from an Access application. Some things will move and some will not. In order to know what you can transfer, this chapter will explain the key differences between the two programs and walk you through the upgrade wizard. If you want to move up from an Access application, read this chapter to get an idea of what to expect. Developing Multi-User Applications Chapter 13 introduces you to the basics of securing your database application. SSE has many different types of security features and you will learn about the SQL Server security models including authentication and authorization features. In addition, ensuring your data is secure is an important step in moving your database to a multi-user scenario. You should read this chapter if you intend to make your database publicly accessible. Chapter 14 shows you how to move up from SSE to a higher-level version of SQL Server. There are a number of different editions of SQL Server and this chapter explains the differences between them. It also explains how to actually upgrade your application to work with higher-level versions of SQL Server. Chapter 15 shows how to build your database application for situations where multiple users or multiple applications simultaneously use the database. Here you should consider things like how you design your primary keys, and the use of views and transactions. If you will use your database in a multi-user envi- ronment or target multiple applications to use the same database, you should understand this chapter. Appendix Appendix A has the answers to exercises found at the end of each chapter. What’s on the CD-ROM? You will need the following software, which is included on the CD that accompanies the book: ❑ Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition ❑ SQL Server 2005 Express Edition You will also need access to the Internet. There are some downloads referenced in the book which will require Internet access. In particular, you will need to download SSEUtil, a command-line utility that works with SSE as well as SQL Server Management Studio Express edition, the GUI tool for SSE. Details on how to download it are included in the book. Note that Web Express 2005 is not on the CD. Web Express 2005 is used in Chapter 5. If you would like to follow the examples in Chapter 5, you will need to obtain a copy of Visual Web Developer 2005 Express Edition. You can get information on how to obtain it from http://msdn.microsoft.com/ vstudio/express/vwd.
  • 28. xxiii Introduction Conventions To help you understand how this book is formatted, there are a number of conventions used through the book. ❑ Certain elements, such as methods, commands, and parameters, are presented in a special code font, like this: This can be verified by looking at the SERVER=(local)SQLExpress connection string entry. ❑ Special tips or notes appear as italicized paragraphs: In order to attach a read-only database, the log file must pre-exist. SSE does not regenerate the log file for a read-only database. ❑ Warnings or other very important notes appear in boxes: The book makes use of Wrox’s special Try It Out and How It Works features as well. Try It Out A Try It Out section is an in-place exercise that will help you understand the concepts quickly. 1. Each Try It Out has a series of numbered steps to lead you through the exercise. 2. Code is shown like this: SELECT * FROM MyTable How It Works After each Try It Out, there is a How It Works section that explains what happened and discusses the key concepts in more depth. Source Code You can download the source code for the examples from http://www.wrox.com. At that URL, locate the book title and click on the Download Code link on the book’s detail page. If you are an interactive user on the machine, you can use user instance mode with- out any additional configuration changes even if you are a not an administrator on the box.
  • 29. xxiv Introduction Errata While we make every effort to ensure that the book is accurate, if we do discover errors we need to fix after the book has gone to print, we will post them to the http://www.wrox.com site on the details page for the book. On the book details page, click the Book Errata link. This page shows you all of the errata that has been submitted. If you don’t see the error you have found on that page, go to www.wrox.com/contact/ techsupport.shtml and complete a submittal form. We will check the information and post any fixes necessary. p2p.wrox.com Wrox maintains a programmer-to-programmer forum at www.p2p.wrox.com that allows you to post messages about Wrox books and related topics. At this site, you can ask or answer questions. To join the forums, follow these steps: 1. Go to www.p2p.wrox.com and locate the login/register section on the left. Click the Register Now link for new users. This will take you to the Terms of Use Agreement page. 2. On the Terms of Use Agreement page, click Agree. This will take you to the registration form. Fill it out and click Submit. This will cause the site to send you email with additional instructions. 3. When the email arrives, click on the link in the mail. This will take you to a final page that will confirm your registration. You can now start using the forums with your username and password.
  • 30. Part I: Introduction and Concepts Chapter 1: Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Chapter 2: Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition Chapter 3: Creating a Simple Database Application
  • 32. 1 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition This book introduces you to SQL Server 2005 Express Edition (SSE), the free edition of SQL Server 2005 that is designed for smaller systems. SSE is intended as a replacement for MSDE, a free database product based on SQL Server 2000. SSE is designed to have smaller disk and memory utilization than MSDE, and has features targeting Visual Studio VB and C# programmers who typically treat databases just like files. SSE serves as a database for both desktop and server applications; it is easy to use in all stages of your application life cycle. This chapter covers the following topics: ❑ Introducing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition ❑ Important features in SQL Server 2005 Express Edition ❑ Key scenarios and the audience for SQL Server 2005 Express Edition ❑ Hardware and software requirements for installing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition ❑ Installing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Introducing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition The SQL Server 2005 family, shown in Figure 1-1, includes the Workgroup, Standard, Enterprise, and Developer editions along with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition. Some editions of SQL Server 2005 are offered for both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows operating systems. Only SSE is free for use in development, production, and redistribution and is targeted at developers deploying simple database applications. The Workgroup edition is meant for smaller departments and businesses looking for an affordable database with good price performance ratio and rich features such as replication publishing and backup log shipping. The Standard and Enterprise editions are used by large departments or enterprises looking for business-critical solutions. The Developer edition has all the features of the Enterprise edition, but cannot be used in production. Each higher-level
  • 33. edition contains all the features offered by the edition immediately below it in the hierarchy. The only exceptions to this rule are the user instance and Xcopy deployment features that are present only in SSE. Chapter 6 covers these features in detail. Figure 1-1 SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Data Mirroring ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) Partitioning Parallel Index operations and Indexed Views Online Indexing and restore Analysis Services Oracle Replication Advanced Performance Tuning 32 CPU support and no limit on memory SQL Server 2005 Standard Fail Over Clustering Replication publishing and subscription Web Services (HTTP) SQL Service Broker Basic Data Mirroring Basic ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) Basic Analysis Services, Data Mining and Data Warehousing Notification Service Database Tuning Advisor 64-bit native support 4 CPU supported and limit on memory SQL Server 2005 Workgroup Backup Log shipping Full Text Search SQL Server Agent SQL Server Management Studio Books Online and Samples 64-bit WOW support No limit on database size 2 CPU and 3 GB Ram supported SQL Server 2005 Express All programmability features such as T-SQL, ADO.NET, SQL Native Client, and .NET support. SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition Replication Subscription SQL Service Broker Client Data Encryption and Key Management Basic Import and Export Basic Reporting 1 CPU and 1 GB Ram supported 4 GB Limit on database size 64-bit WOW support User Instance (XCopy Deployment)* Higher Scalability, Availability, and Reliability features. *All the features except for User Instance (XCopy Deployment) are present in higher level editions. 4 Chapter 1
  • 34. SQL Server 2005 Express Edition is a free database management system based on Microsoft SQL Server 2005 that allows you to define, store, and manipulate data in an integrated fashion. It enables you to share data with others, while preserving user security and permission features. You can store data in an application-independent manner while making sure that redundancy and inconsistency are reduced and that data integrity is maintained. Data access APIs that follow industry-wide standards, such as ODBC and OLE DB, are provided in both native and managed code so that it is easy to import and export data from different sources. SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Highlights SQL Server 2005 Express Edition is a great database for developers, and includes all the important programming features present in other SQL Server 2005 editions. In fact, SSE contains the same database engine that ships with other SQL Server 2005 editions. The SQL Server 2005 database engine contains support for the networking protocols, T-SQL, and the storage layer. Advanced features such as .NET support, the XML data type, stored procedures and triggers, and replication subscription are also present. SSE supports databases up to 4GB. An application developed using SSE typically works seamlessly with other editions of SQL Server 2005. There is no limit on the number of user connections to the database, but performance is limited by the use of a single CPU and 4GB RAM. Typically applications using SSE can scale to 25 concurrent users. Easy-to-use graphical interfaces provided with the SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition (SSMS-EE) Graphical User Interface (GUI) management tool simplify the basic database operations. This tool contains a query editor that enables you to interactively work with data inside the database. SQL Server Configuration Manager allows you to configure networking options. The SSE setup offers extensive graphical interface tools that allow you to configure the installation. Silent installs are also supported so that you can transparently install SSE with your application. Servicing of SSE is integrated with Windows Update and is almost automatic for the user. There is deep integration of SQL Server 2005 Express Edition with all editions of Visual Studio, including Visual Basic Express and Visual Web Developer 2005 Express. The rich data controls provided automate simple tasks so that you can develop a forms-based application that uses a SSE database without writing a line of code. The single-user scenario that is commonly used for desktop clients and web users is simplified by the Xcopy feature in SSE that enables the database files to be copied and moved like normal windows files. Xcopy deployment simplifies the deployment of your application so that you can just zip up your application and database file and email it to the destination user. The recipient copies the unzipped file to her machine and double-clicks the application to run it. Upgrading from Other Products If you are currently using Microsoft Desktop Engine (MSDE), this book is important to you because SSE is the free upgrade path to use the SQL Server 2005 functionality. The workload governor present in MSDE is removed in SSE and there are no limits on the number of concurrent operations at any given time. Because earlier versions of MSDE had licensing ambiguities, SSE has a simple licensing structure and is free for production and distribution. The SSE setup is greatly improved, with new dialogs guiding you through the installation process. Deployment is also simplified by features such as Xcopy and integration with Visual Studio ClickOnce that allows you to create a deployment package with a simple click of a mouse. The introduction of SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition (SSMS-EE) is also an important milestone, as MSDE did not have a graphical user interface management tool. 5 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
  • 35. If you are currently using the Jet database with Access or Visual Basic applications, switching to SSE may offer some advantages. Use SSE instead of Jet for scaling in multi-user scenarios and improved security features. .NET support is available only with SSE, so that you can program with C# or VB .NET on both the client and the server. Upgrading your applications to SQL Server is also easy if you use SSE. Jet is preferred over SSE in scenarios where you are highly concerned about the storage space or system memory, or where there are strict web download requirements. Chapter 12 provides more information about upgrading your applications to SSE. Features and Benefits of SSE Although SSE is the most basic member of the SQL Server 2005 family, it contains features necessary for database users ranging from beginner students to Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) developing complex redistributable applications. The following list points out some of SSE’s best features: ❑ Data types: As mentioned, SSE ships with the same database engine that is behind the SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition and supports data types such as User-Defined data types (UDT), the XML data type, and VarChar(MAX). UDTs enable you to define new complex data types in C# or VB .NET. SSE supports the native XML data type that allows you to directly manipulate or query XML on the server, while the VarChar(MAX) data type allows you to store large character objects with a maximum size of 2GB. A complete list of the data types supported by SSE is provided in Chapter 2. ❑ Language independent: Supporting .NET inside SSE allows you to use your favorite .NET language such as C#, VB .NET, or J# for database development. Your VB .NET application runs inside SSE and queries the database engine using the ADO.NET APIs. ADO.NET exposes .NET classes in all your favorite programming languages to connect to a database instance as well as to create and manipulate database objects such as tables and schemas. Using .NET, your ADO.NET functions can now run inside SSE, not just on your client machine. Use this feature for procedural code where individual records are manipulated one at a time. ❑ Ease of deployment: Xcopy deployment allows you to copy, move, and delete database files just like normal Windows files. There is support for SSE with all Visual Studio editions so that it is possible to develop simple desktop and web database applications without writing a line of code. Building, debugging, and deploying your application is possible with a few mouse clicks from within Visual Basic Express or Visual Web Developer Express. Chapter 3 guides you through the steps for developing your first client application. Application deployment becomes very easy with Xcopy deployment and Visual Studio ClickOnce support. You can learn more about deployment in Chapters 6 and 10. ❑ User instance functionality: SSE supports the Run as Normal User scenarios, where a non- administrator on the local machine can use the functionality of SSE without having to involve the system administrator. This is enabled using the user instance functionality that provides for a private instance of SSE running in each user’s context. These user instances are automatically started up by the application using the database owned by the user. One of the goals for the user instance is to make the single-user scenario very simple; the application developer need not worry about the complicated SQL Server Security model. SSE supports a file-based permission model which means that the read and write permissions on the physical database file are used to assign 6 Chapter 1
  • 36. user permissions and privileges. SSE can also be used as a server where multiple users can connect to the server database; the performance characteristics of the server are governed by the limits on the CPU and memory usage. An instance of SSE can use only one CPU and 4GB RAM. ❑ Security: Much thought was given to making SSE install and run securely on your machine. Only local machine access is enabled by default because a majority of the SSE use cases are for local data. SSE runs under a low privilege service account. The user instance feature described earlier ensures that SSE runs under the context of each user for single-user scenarios. For multi-user scenarios, the SQL Server security model ensures appropriate access to authenticated users. Advanced security features including encryption are also included in the product. ❑ Replication and messaging capabilities: SSE supports offline capabilities by supporting replica- tion subscription. Retail branches can subscribe to central offices with synchronization between the servers occurring at regular intervals. The SQL Service Broker feature supported by SSE provides asynchronous messaging capabilities so that SSE can send a message to SQL Server. This is particularly relevant for B2B web services. ❑ Management tools: The SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition tool, which is available via web download, offers capabilities to develop and test against SSE. It has a query editor that allows you to execute arbitrary T-SQL statements. SQL Server Configuration Manager allows you to change networking protocol settings and the SQL Service options. Rich command line facilities are available with the SQLCMD command line tool, while the SQL Bulk Copy (BCP) tool provides bulk transfer features. ❑ Easy setup options: SSE provides a reliable and robust setup user interface that guides you through the various setup and configuration options. A silent setup option is available where little or no user interface is shown. In a silent install you have to pass in the relevant configuration values as command line parameters or in setup initialization files. The silent option is typically preferred by ISVs who want to completely control the user experience, for instance, they want their application logo to show on the screen during installation. SSE User Scenarios SSE targets three main user segments: ❑ Developers building simple web applications ❑ ISV/ Developers redistributing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition as a client data store ❑ Small or medium business IT developers building transactional web and client server applications Additionally, there are secondary user segments such as academics using SSE for education and server application developers using SSE as a cheap database server. Usage patterns differ for each of these user segments. Web developers use SSE to store application data; SSE could be installed on a local or remote box. The application is deployed on the local machine during development, testing, and debugging. A remote web-facing machine is typically selected for production. The user can also use a third-party hosting provider, in which case the database is already provisioned and the user is responsible for copying the application files as well as updating the SSE database. 7 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
  • 37. Desktop users primarily use SSE as a client database for storing application data on the local machine. For example, a photo album application might store an images database in SSE. Most of these applications are single-user applications. ISVs typically use SSE as the database for their single-user or multi-user applications. Typically SSE is used with desktop editions of the application. For example, a 5-user edition of a customer-service application may use SSE, but the 50-user edition of the same application is likely to use SQL Server Standard. A seamless upgrade to other editions of SQL Server such as SQL Server 2005 Standard and Enterprise is important in this scenario. The user gets SSE either from tools supplied by Microsoft like Visual Basic Express and Visual Web Developer 2005 Express, or as a web download from the Microsoft site. SSE can also be installed with third-party applications that redistribute it. The CD accompanying this book contains a version of SSE that can be used in both single-user and multi-user modes. The following sections describe some of the common scenarios for using SSE. Desktop Application with Single-User SSE In this scenario, a simple single-user application running on your desktop or laptop uses SSE to store application data locally. For example, a tax preparation application might store tax information inside an SSE database. Many desktop applications developed with Microsoft Visual Basic Express and Microsoft Access fall into this category. The cost of licensing other editions of SQL Server for this scenario typically overwhelms the cost of the application itself, making SSE the most viable option. If you are developing a desktop application, you can simply zip it up and email it to an end-user. Double-clicking the application executable on the user’s computer launches the application. No extra configuration is required by the recipient. An ISV commercially developing software can also use the Visual Studio ClickOnce technology to deploy the application to one or more desktops. ClickOnce invokes the SSE setup utility, which is designed to install both client and server components on the local machine. The deployment process installs SSE on behalf of the user at the same time the application is itself installed if SSE is not already present on the machine. Multiple applications can share SSE, but each user on the local machine gets a private copy of the SSE instance using the user instance feature. When you attempt to use a database in single-user mode, a user instance is spawned in the user context so that the database gets attached to the private instance. File-based permissions on the database file are used to verify whether a particular user can access the database file. The user spawning the user instance is a system administrator on this private instance. No other user can access this private instance and the physical database file cannot be shared by another user concurrently. Figure 1-2 shows a sample home desktop where the father and child have separate user instances for their applications. 8 Chapter 1
  • 38. Figure 1-2 Certain SSE features are disabled when using user instances. For example, only Windows-based credentials are used for authentication. Features such as replication and SQL Server Service Broker will not work. Remote machine access using the TCP/IP or Named Pipes protocols is also not possible. The advantages of using the user instance feature include the ease of application development as well as the Run as Normal User scenarios. In the Run as Normal User scenario, a non-administrator on the local machine can develop, debug, and deploy SSE-based applications without any administrator-provisioned privileges. Chapter 6 covers user instances in more detail. Typically, the application user need not worry about administering, installing, or servicing SSE because the application developer or ISV takes care of all the installation and configuration. Servicing of SSE is enabled using Windows Update so that you do not have to worry about getting the latest bits. Client/Server Application with Multi-User SSE Some desktop applications use a single SSE instance running as a Windows service to support a small workgroup of users. All users read and write data to a shared database instance residing on a file server, or on a workgroup member’s own computer. SSE is installed only on the computer sharing the data. This scenario includes an application that is intended from the beginning to be used in a workgroup situation, as well as applications “growing up” by popular demand. An example of the latter category is a project-tracking application that grows in popularity within a firm so that the user base increases over time. A project-tracking application used by applications running on three desktops is shown in Figure 1-3. Child Game app Father User 1 Instance Installed SSE Instance DB Album Tax app User 2 Instance DB DB Spawns Shared Home Desktop 9 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
  • 39. Figure 1-3 This scenario also includes ISV applications using Visual Studio tools to create and deploy client-server applications for small workgroups where other editions of SQL Server 2005 are too expensive. SSE does not have any concurrency or user limits; limits are based on the hardware on which it is installed. Typically, the growth in the number of users to more than 25 requires upgrading to other editions of SQL Server 2005. The upgrade process is easy since the database engine as well as the client and server programming logic is similar across the different editions of SQL Server 2005. Application developers developing multi-user applications must understand and deal with the SQL Server security model since the user instances security model is strictly single-user based. SQL Server 2005 Express Edition running as a service can handle multiple users accessing a shared resource concurrently. The application developer must handle the concurrency issues and define the permissions on shared objects. Security is covered in Chapter 13, while the issues surrounding concurrency are covered in Chapter 15. The ClickOnce deployment feature exposed by Visual Basic Express is enabled for SSE, and client server applications are typically deployed using the setup.exe created by ClickOnce deployment. Chapter 10 deals with ClickOnce deployment in detail. Application Replicating with a Central Office In this scenario, the multi-user application explained in the scenario above is expanded to replicate a single, per-store, shared database with a centralized SQL Server backend. For example, in a retail store application replicating with the central office scenario, each store has one or more computers (such as checkout stations) accessing or modifying data in the shared database. Replication will periodically download new pricing and catalog data while uploading sales data. Connection to the central office may be periodically Desktop 1 Project tracking app Desktop 2 Project tracking app Shared Desktop or Server Desktop 3 Project tracking app SSE DB 10 Chapter 1
  • 40. interrupted for hours or days for various reasons. In this scenario, each computer may have its own SSE database, or there may be only one SSE database that is shared by multiple computers. Synchronization is typically conducted on a regular schedule, such as nightly, but can be interrupted on occasion by unexpected outages. Figure 1-4 illustrates this scenario. Figure 1-4 The disconnected sales force application is a related scenario where the remote computers are laptops used by the sales force and data is periodically replicated back to the central office. Various customer or sales data can be stored locally in either a read-only or a read-write access mode. In this case the laptop may be periodically synchronized with a central database at indeterminate intervals. No tools are supplied with SSE to set up or administer replication. However, the replication tools supplied with other editions of SQL Server can be used with SSE as long as the SSE instance is replicating back to an edition of SQL Server 2005 higher than SSE. Replication is outside the scope of this book and is not covered further. Single-User ASP.NET Applications You can develop web ppplications using the Visual Web Developer Express provided with the book. SSE has tight integration with Visual Web Developer to create ASP.NET applications. It is so easy to use that you can create data sources and build and debug applications without writing a single line of code. Chapter 5 guides you through creating ASP.NET applications. After the ASP.NET web application is debugged and tested on the local machine, you can copy the relevant application and database files using the copy database or deploy database features in Visual Web Developer. The ability to treat database files just like regular Windows files, or Xcopy deployment, enables these copying scenarios. This is illustrated in Figure 1-5. DB Central Office Server SQL Server 2005 Standard/Enterprise (acting as replication publisher) SSE (acting as replication subscriber) DB Retail Office Desktop or Server (1) SSE (acting as replication subscriber) DB Retail Office Desktop or Server (2) SSE (acting as replication subscriber) DB Retail Office Desktop or Server (n) 11 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
  • 41. Figure 1-5 A web application runs under the context of a web server like IIS that translates a URL either into a URL or into an executable name, and then sends its output back. ASP.NET web applications support using IIS Web Server for remote scenarios and Cassini Web Server for local machine scenarios. Cassini is a secure, local web server introduced by Microsoft that supports local development and debugging scenarios. You can easily copy or deploy your ASP.NET application to a local or remote machine with only a few mouse clicks. A user hosting a web application on his machine installs IIS and deploys the web application. This is often called a dedicated hosting scenario because the web server is dedicated to the applications that the user is knowledgeable about. There are no applications that are unknown or untrusted by the user on that machine. The dedicated hosting scenario typically uses the user instance feature in SSE because all connectivity to the database happens under the context of a single user, ASP.NET. The user must have copy, deployment, and debugging privileges on the working directory and machine. It is important to understand what a single user means in the context of a web application. Although anonymous users over the Internet are accessing a web application, typically all database access is done under the context of a single user. The exception to this happens when the user impersonation feature is turned on so that the database access happens in the context of the Internet user who is accessing the website. For example, consider a MyGarageSale web application that uses SSE to store the catalog of items sold and their prices. When the user accesses the MyGarageSale website, information is retrieved from the SSE database. Because the user’s credentials may not be known ahead of time, the database access occurs under the context of a single user, ASP.NET. ASP.NET Third-Party Hosting This scenario involves the use of a third-party hosting provider when developers typically lease space on a web server host machine in return for administration services and a quality of service guarantee. The service is provided at a reduced cost by sharing the web server resources across several sites at once. Once you sign up as a user, you get a user directory to place your files, as well as a login and password with relevant privileges. This is a shared user scenario where there are untrusted applications running on the same machine. Each machine used by the third-party hosting provider could contain a large number of websites and users unknown to each other. To avoid name conflicts and the prospect of one user trampling on another user’s files, this environment is tightly controlled by the administrator and each user is granted only the minimum required privileges. ASP.NET app with Cassini SSE User Instance SSE DB Development/Test Machine Spawns ASP.NET app with IIS SSE User Instance SSE DB Production Machine Spawns 12 Chapter 1
  • 42. Because most web applications are data-driven, it is common for a developer to purchase one or more databases from the hosting provider as part of their hosting contract. These databases are provisioned ahead of time and provide users with a connection string for accessing their databases. Most hosting providers provide web-based administration tools for creating and modifying schema and data. Server Database Application The server database application scenario refers to an economical deployment of a large-scale, SQL Server- based server application where components are installed in a simpler, cheaper, server configuration. They could be web-facing applications. There are three typical sub-scenarios including usage: as evaluation copies, single-user or small-user editions, and low-volume web applications. The evaluation scenario covers the case of a server application that must be deployed on a single machine for evaluation or demo purposes. For example, the evaluation edition of a customer service application can ship with SSE or SQL Server Evaluation edition. The application development scenario is a subset of the evaluation scenario that involves the usage of SSE only in the design and development phase of a SQL Server application. ISVs develop applications using free SSE licenses while relying on their customers to purchase SQL Server licenses for testing and production deployment. This scenario enables development to proceed on client operating systems on desktops or laptops. The SQL Server 2005 Evaluation edition can also be used for this purpose. The Evaluation edition contains all the features of SQL Server 2005 Enterprise edition and has a trial period of 120 days. The single-user or limited-user edition scenario is similar to the evaluation scenario, except that the deployment is used in production for a small number of users. This is commonly required to cover the low- volume scenario of a server application that requires SQL Server 2005 for its data access. The low-volume web application scenario typically includes web applications deployed on web servers with low concurrent usage patterns. However, this includes a model where the server application stores configuration or other data that does not get directly queried by remote clients, and hence the SSE use is typically low- volume. The SQL Server compatibility for easy scalability as well as the price point provides the primary attraction for SSE in this scenario. Whereas the previous scenarios involve end-users installing applications on desktop operating systems, the server scenarios generally involve more knowledgeable end-users or even IT staff, and will always include installation on server operating systems. Thus the deployment environment will more closely match that of other editions of SQL Server 2005; however, the end-user will still not be as typically skilled or experienced as the SQL Server administrator in a server environment. Do not use the SSE user instance feature in a multi-user or third-party hosting sce- nario. For explanations refer to Chapter 6. 13 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
  • 43. Licensing and Support SSE is free to deploy in production environments, and you can redistribute it along with your application. However, the default web download license does not allow you to redistribute it. You must register for free at http://www.microsoft.com/sql/howtobuy/default.asp to get a license to redistribute SSE. Registration is required for redistribution in order to ensure that Microsoft can disseminate critical security information to partners if necessary. Similarly the tools supplied with SSE, such as SSMS-EE, are free to use and redistribute. Any tool like SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) that does not ship with SSE can be used with SSE only when SSE is used in conjunction with another edition of SQL Server 2005. For example, SSMS-EE does not have any replication-related tools even though SSE supports replication subscription. To use the replication tools inside SQL Server Management Studio, SSE has to be a replication subscriber to another edition of SQL Server 2005. Whenever you use SQL Server Express to connect to another licensed non-express edition of SQL Server 2005, Client Access License (CAL) is required. It does not matter whether the users are connecting directly or indirectly either through SQL Server Express or a website. For example if five users connect to SQL Server 2005 Standard edition using a terminal server, five CALs are required even though only a single machine is used to connect to the database instance. SSE is fully supported by Microsoft via websites and newsgroups. Support via email and phone is also available for a fee. Visual Basic or C# A couple of words about the choice of programming language are appropriate here. Either Visual Basic 2005 or C# 2005 will work just fine; you should be able to get all your database application work done in either language. But, the teams developing these languages have different goals and you should keep those goals in mind when you select your language. Visual Basic 2005 is targeted as an upgrade path for the millions of existing Visual Basic 6.0 users. The language syntax and features are specifically designed with that customer in mind. The Visual Basic language has rapid productivity, simplicity, and ease-of-learning as primary goals. The Visual Basic team is interested in making sure that everyone from first-time users to developers of corporate IT database applications are happy with the language’s features. C# 2005 is targeted as a home both for the C++ and Java developers. The C# language syntax is intended as a modern, general purpose, object-oriented language (with special emphasis on general purpose). The C# team is interested in making sure that C# remains at the forefront of the object-oriented programming world by introducing practical modern language innovation to the programming public. You can choose to write in either Visual Basic or C#. The examples in this book will all use Visual Basic, but it should be very easy to find or create the exact same elements for C#. You can use the Visual Basic 2005 Express edition for most of the examples in this book. The Express editions of Visual Studio are inexpensive. The higher-level editions of Visual Studio make building data- centric applications even easier with some advanced features. Specifically, higher-level editions of Visual Studio enable connections to remote databases for all languages, enable T-SQL debugging, and allow for 14 Chapter 1
  • 44. database projects. If you want to try out these features, you’ll need to get a higher-level edition of Visual Studio than the Express editions. Installing SSE and Visual Basic Express This section introduces you to the hardware and software requirements of SSE and Visual Basic Express along with the basic steps used to install these products on your local machine. If you encounter any issues during the installation process, please refer to Chapter 9 for more information about the setup procedures for SSE. Hardware and Software Requirements for SSE The following table lists the minimum hardware and software requirements for running Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express Edition on a 32-bit machine. Hardware Minimum Requirements Computer Intel or compatible Pentium 600 MHz (recommended: Intel or compatible 1 GHz or higher) Windows version Windows Server 2003 SP1, Windows XP SP2, Windows 2000 SP4 Memory (RAM) 192MB minimum (recommended: 256MB or higher) Hard disk space 525MB Monitor VGA or higher resolution 1,024x768 Pointing device Microsoft mouse or compatible pointing device CD-ROM drive Required for CD installation Support for SQL Express is limited to the Windows on Windows (WOW) 32-bit subsystem on 64-bit operating systems. Hardware and Software Requirements for Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition The following table lists the minimum hardware and software requirements for running Microsoft Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition on a 32-bit machine. The hard disk size includes the .NET Framework installation. The proper version of .NET Framework 2.0 must be installed prior to installing SQL Server 2005 Express Edition. You should remove any previously installed version of .NET Framework 2.0 before installing a later version. 15 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
  • 45. Hardware Minimum Requirements Recommendation Computer Intel or compatible Pentium 600 MHz Intel or compatible 1 GHz or higher Windows versions Microsoft Windows 2003 Server Microsoft Windows 2003 Server Windows XP SP2 Windows XP SP2 Windows 2000 SP4 Windows 2000 SP4 Memory (RAM) 128MB minimum 256MB or higher Hard disk space 500MB typical, up to 1.3GB may 1.3GB free space be required Monitor VGA or higher resolution 800x600 VGA or higher resolution 256 colors 1,024x768 Hi Color -16-bit Pointing device Microsoft mouse or compatible Microsoft mouse or compatible pointing device pointing device CD-ROM drive Required for CD installation Required for CD installation Installation Steps After verifying that you have the necessary hardware and software, follow these steps to install SSE and Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition on your local machine: Warning: If you have any previous versions of Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition, SSE, or .NET Framework 2.0 on your computer, they must be uninstalled prior to installing SSE and VB .NET. 1. Insert the CD that comes with this book and double-click vbsetup.exe. Click Run when the Internet Explorer Security Warning popup appears. 2. On the Welcome page of the Installation Wizard, click Next. 3. The Licensing (EULA) page appears next. Read the license carefully before selecting the check box, which activates the Next button. 4. In the Installation Options dialog that appears, check the box for Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express Edition and click Next (see Figure 1-6). 16 Chapter 1
  • 46. Figure 1-6 5. In the Destination Folder dialog box, click Install. You need not change the default destination location (see Figure 1-7). Figure 1-7 17 Getting Started with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
  • 47. 6. A progress bar is displayed to show that the Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition installation is in progress. Click Exit when the Setup Complete dialog appears. Summary This chapter introduced SQL Server 2005 Express Edition and some of its features, such as Xcopy and .NET support. SSE has the same database engine as the other SQL Server 2005 editions so that all the programmability features are similar across the editions. There is no limit on the number of users; the only limit is imposed by the hardware utilized. The relationship of SSE to other SQL Server 2005 editions, as well as its advantages over other databases such as MSDE and Jet, is also mentioned. This chapter addressed the following topics: ❑ SSE and its key features ❑ Important scenarios like Desktop Application with single-user SSE, ASP.NET hosting, and Client Server Application with multi-user SSE ❑ Licensing and support for SSE ❑ Hardware requirements for installing SSE and VB .NET ❑ Installing SSE and Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition on your machine In the next chapter, you learn more about the basic database features supported by SSE. Exercises Try the exercises that follow to test your understanding of the material covered in this chapter. You can find the solutions to these exercises in Appendix A. 1. You are the chairperson for a university alumni association and want to figure out the appropriate SQL Server 2005 edition to use for a photo album application. This application is an interface for digital photographs and is expected to be installed on each member’s desktop. There is no sharing of the application between members, as each person gets a personal copy of the database and the application. Annually the databases are updated and emailed to each member. What edition of SQL Server 2005 would you use? 2. You are the IT department head of Joe’s Auto Parts. Your 75 retail shops are distributed in multiple states across the United States, and each retail shop requires two checkout counters that have the latest information about the catalog. The central office requires daily updates of sales information from the retail shops. What editions of SQL Server would you use in the retail and central offices? 3. You are an ISV deploying server applications to small businesses with one to five users. You want to move to the medium business segment supporting a larger number of users. Currently you are using SSE in the multi-user mode. How easy is it to move to higher editions of SQL Server? 18 Chapter 1
  • 48. 2 Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Management Studio Express Edition (SSMS-EE) is a new database management tool for SQL Server 2005 Express (SSE). This simple-to-use tool is a simplified version of SQL Server Management Studio that ships with other versions of SQL Server 2005. It is designed for SSE customers who want an easy and intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) for doing the basic database management operations. This chapter is intended as an introduction to this tool, and explains the basic database objects that the user should know when dealing with SSE. This chapter covers the following topics: ❑ Databases and objects within the database ❑ SSMS-EE features such as Object Explorer and Query Editor ❑ Using Transact-SQL to develop simple queries ❑ Using the Query editor to create, delete, and modify common database objects such as databases, tables, views, stored procedures, and functions Basic Database Concepts Data in SSE is stored in a relational format inside a database. A relational database stores all its data in tables and all the operations on data are performed on these tables. A table is a grid of rows and columns. Each row is called a record, and contains values for the different columns. Some of these values could be NULL. A column is also called a field and defines the type of data that will be stored in that column. For example, in the top table in Figure 2-1, the columns define the fact that each row will contain an ID, Last Name, First Name, and Title. The third row or record, for example, will contain the values 10003, Borne, Peter, and Software Engineer. You define each column to be a particular type. For example, ID contains integers, while the Last Name, First Name, and Title store character data.
  • 49. Figure 2-1 To distinguish between records, it is typical to define a field called the primary key that is unique. For example, in the Customer table shown in the figure, the ID field is the primary key. Duplicates are not allowed in the primary key, and hence you can uniquely refer to each record using the primary key. Sometimes multiple fields are used in the definition of the primary key. These primary keys are also useful to define relationships between tables. For example, the ShipToCustomer table contains a field called CustomerID. Each entry in CustomerID refers to an entry in the ID field of the Customer table. CustomerID is called a foreign key because it is a primary key defined in another table. Any data in a foreign key column must have corresponding data in the table where that column is the primary key. This mapping makes sure that there is no ShipToCustomer row without a valid customer. When designing tables, three simple rules called the three normal forms are often used. These rules are: 1. All column values are single or atomic. 2. All column values depend on the value of the primary key. 3. No column value depends on the value of any other column except the primary key. Consider the ShipToCustomer table in Figure 2-1. The customer shipping address details such as Street Address, State, Country, and Zip (zip code) are stored in separate columns. This is useful, for example, in calculating the shipping cost based on the Zip and country. If a single column is used to store this information, you have non-atomic values and calculation of shipping cost becomes difficult. To conform to the first normalization rule, you typically split the column with a collection of information into separate columns. Ship to Customer Table Ship ID Unique primary key Foreign Key: Customer ID related to ID in Customer Table Customer ID Ship Description Street Address State Country Zip 50001 50002 50003 10002 10001 10003 Book CD Antique 1111 44th Ave 2222 30th Ave 44200 32nd Ave WA WA WA US US US 98116 98199 98007 Customer Table Unique primary key Column or field Row or record ID Last Name First Name Title 10001 10002 10003 Gajanan Chekov Borne Piyush Pasha Peter Manager Administrator Software Engineer 20 Chapter 2
  • 50. If you use one table to store both Customer and ShipToCustomer information with CustomerID as the primary key, you violate the second and third rules. Some of the columns in such a combined table, like Title, would depend only on the customer ID, while the others like ShipDescription depend only on ShipID. If the ShipID value in a row changes, the ShipDescription will also change. This design is also inefficient because the customer information has to be entered again for repeat purchases. To conform to the second and third normalization rules, you should first identify the dependencies between columns. Now split the large table with columns depending on fields other than the primary key into two or more distinct tables. You can use the foreign key concept described earlier to maintain the relationship between tables. To satisfy the third rule, do not store any calculated values. When you apply the three rules, the database is normalized. A normalized database generally improves performance, lowers storage requirements, and makes it easier to change the application. Some specialized databases like decision support systems and data warehouses are explicitly built in violation of the three rules. They are called de-normalized databases, and are used because the data changes infrequently and because you are dealing with huge amounts of data used for reports or analysis. These special de-normalized database applications are not covered in this book. An index can speed the search for a particular row or set of rows. Similar to a book index, an index to a database makes it easy for you to retrieve the data. Indexes are typically defined on specific columns so that the data retrieval on that column is fast. When you have defined a primary key in a table, SSE auto- matically creates a unique index on the primary key columns so that no two rows have the same value for this index. In the Customer table presented in Figure 2-1, SSE automatically creates an index on ID. It is a good idea to define non-unique indexes on the foreign keys because some of the foreign key values can be repeated. For example, a non-unique index on the CustomerID field of the ShipToCustomer table is useful for queries looking at active orders of a particular customer. Create indexes for improving performance of commonly used queries, but do not create unnecessary indexes since these could adversely affect database performance. To insert a new Customer into the Customer Table or to create a new table for Inventory, use the Structured Query Language (SQL) programming language. SQL Server 2005 uses a dialect of SQL that is called either Transact-SQL or T-SQL. Transact-SQL (T-SQL) is an extension of the SQL standards authorized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). You will learn more about using T-SQL later in this chapter. At first glance, T-SQL may seem complex. But once you understand the difference between a procedural and declarative language, it becomes simple. Visual Basic .NET is a procedural language, which means that you describe exactly the operations to be executed. An example would be using a for loop to read all the data from a text file. In a declarative language like T-SQL, you declare what you are looking for using the SELECT keyword, and SSE figures out how to get it. For example, the following SQL statement returns all rows from the Customer table where the Last Name is Borne. The explanations for the elements in this statement are provided later in this chapter. SELECT * FROM Customer WHERE LastName=’Borne’ A procedure or function is used in Visual Basic .NET to store a sequence of reusable code. SSE supports similar functionality for storing reusable units of T-SQL code. The stored procedures or functions in SSE contain a sequence of T-SQL statements that are stored inside the SSE database. They allow passing parameters and can be executed as a unit. SSE functions can return values that are in a table format, but stored procedures do not support this. 21 Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition
  • 51. Introduction to SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition (SSMS-EE) is a free download from the Microsoft website, and is used to manage SSE. SSMS-EE includes the following features: ❑ A single, integrated, easy-to-use GUI for simple database operations ❑ Wizards for managing and creating objects like databases and tables ❑ The capability to view the objects within a database using the Object Explorer ❑ A robust query editor that supports multiple result sets SSMS-EE is released separately from the SQL Server 2005 Express releases. The first version of SSMS-EE is expected to be released to the web a few months after the SSE launch in November 2005. SQL Server Management Studio, supplied with other editions of SQL Server, can be downloaded from http://www .microsoft.com/sql/2005/default.mspx and can be used against SSE in certain cases. Please refer to the licensing section for additional information. Using SSMS-EE for the First Time From the Start menu, select All Programs ➪ SQL Server 2005 ➪ SQL Server Management Studio to start SSMS-EE. This section explains the graphical user interfaces in detail. Connection Dialog When you start SSMS-EE, you see a connection dialog similar to Figure 2-2. The first item you should select is the correct instance of SSE. Multiple installations of SQL Server can run concurrently on a single machine, and each such installation is called an instance. For example, if you installed SSE according to the instruc- tions in Chapter 1, the instance name used is SQLExpress. Supply a value of (local)SQLExpress in the Server name field, or select <yourMachineName>SQLExpress from the dropdown menu. Next, choose how you want to login to SSE. There are two possible options: Windows Authentication and SQL Server Authentication. When using Windows Authentication mode, SSE uses the windows creden- tials that you supplied during login to your machine. This is the default authentication mode, and you do not have to pass in any additional information. If you choose SQL Server Authentication, you have to provide a user ID and password that is known to SSE. You must be an administrator on the machine or be the system administrator (sysad- min) in SSE to use the examples in this chapter. 22 Chapter 2
  • 52. Figure 2-2 The authentication modes are described in detail in Chapter 13. Refer to that chapter for additional details on enabling SQL Authentication. Click Connect to proceed with the connection, so that SSMS-EE connects to the specified server using the authentication properties provided. Clicking the Cancel button or the X icon will close the connection dialog. SSMS-EE can only connect to SQL Servers that are running; no functionality is provided to start servers that are currently not running. You can use SQL Server Configuration manager to start and stop the services. Object Explorer Once you connect to an SSE instance using SSMS-EE, you will see a two-pane window similar to Figure 2-3. The left-hand pane, called the Object Explorer, contains details about your connection, databases, and security. This window is used to enumerate and display the most commonly referenced objects in the SSE instance. The Object Explorer is made up of the following components: ❑ The Node window uses a tree-like structure to represent SSE objects such as databases and tables. All the databases currently attached to the SSE instance and available to the user are listed in the database dropdown box. When users select a database, the Nodes window is populated with the database objects like tables and views for that database. ❑ When you right-click any of the objects displayed, you will get a Context Menu that exposes functionality available for that object. ❑ A toolbar is provided at the top with buttons for global functionality. Whenever possible, use Windows Authentication. SQL Server Authentication is disabled when you install SSE for the first time. 23 Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition
  • 53. Figure 2-3 Node Window The Node window displays database and security information for the SSE instance in a hierarchical fashion. The Databases node contains all the databases currently attached to the SSE instance that the user has permissions to connect to. The important objects visible under an individual database node include: ❑ Tables: Expanding this node returns all the tables currently in the database. Expanding a table node retrieves all the columns and indexes on that table; columns are listed first followed by indexes. ❑ Views: Expanding this node returns all the views currently in the database. ❑ Programmability: Expanding this node returns all the programmability objects such as stored procedures and functions currently in the database. ❑ Security: Expanding this node returns all the security objects such as users defined in the database. Right-clicking the objects at any level of the tree displays a context menu that contains operations that can be performed on that object. For instance, right-clicking the Databases node gives you the option to create a new database. Selecting this option launches the wizard for creating the new database as explained in the following Try It Out. 24 Chapter 2
  • 54. Try It Out Creating, Renaming, and Deleting a Database Using SSMS-EE 1. From the Start menu, select All Programs ➪ SQL Server 2005 ➪ SQL Server Management Studio. 2. Enter the instance name in the Connection dialog and click Next. Typically, the instance name is (local)SQLExpress. 3. Right-click the Databases node in the Object Explorer and select New Database. 4. Type MyDatabase for the database name and then click OK. 5. Expand the Databases node in the Object Explorer and verify that the database is present. Right-click MyDatabase and select Rename. Type the new name for the database (such as MyRenamedDatabase). 6. Right-click the same database again and select Delete. Confirm the action by clicking OK in the Delete Object dialog. How It Works This example demonstrates how easy it is to work with SSE databases using SSMS-EE. For example, you just need to specify the database name in order to create it. The Rename operation is similar to the renaming of a Windows file. There is an extra dialog when you try to delete the database to prevent user errors; if you do not want to delete the database, click Cancel. Toolbar The Toolbar for the Object Explorer contains functionality that is global in nature, and is independent of the selected node. The toolbar buttons and their behavior are described in the following list: ❑ Connect: Opens the connection dialog described earlier. This option allows users to choose which SQL Express server instance to connect to. ❑ Refresh: Refreshes the objects displayed in the object Explorer. The Refresh option is also avail- able as a context menu for each object. Query Editor Although SSMS_EE provides an extensive graphical interface for managing SQL Express databases, many database users prefer to manage their servers using the T-SQL language supported by SSE. The Query Editor allows users to develop and execute T-SQL statements (see the right-hand pane in Figure 2-3). Groups of statements called scripts can also be executed against SSE. There are two main windows, Editor window and the Results window: ❑ The Editor window is used to develop and execute T-SQL statements and scripts. It can recognize and color-code T-SQL reserved words. A toolbar specifies the current database and options for displaying the results. ❑ The Results window displays the results of executing a query. Results are displayed as a grid, a text file, or can be saved to disk. Any messages or errors from executing the code are seen in the Message View. The following Try It Out explores the query editor feature in SSMS-EE. You learn to execute simple queries, and use the drag-and-drop features in SSMS-EE. 25 Database Basics with SQL Server Management Studio Express Edition
  • 55. Exploring the Variety of Random Documents with Different Content
  • 56. can go into a game with the other fellows. I think I’ll ask Kindlings to let me shift to the other end.” “Don’t you do it!” cried Sid, quickly. “Look here, Tom Parsons, the surest way to have a team go to pieces is to have personal feelings crop out among the players. We’ve got to play together, or——” “‘Play separately,’ as one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence said,” interrupted Phil, with a laugh. “No, I’m serious,” protested Sid. “If we’re going to act that way, Tom, we might as well give up the team now, and also all hopes of ever winning the championship this year. It’s bad enough to have Bricktop and Ed off, without having you kicking up a fuss about Bascome.” “Who’s kicking up a fuss, you old misogynist?” demanded the end, limping along. “I only said I couldn’t play with Bascome as well as I could with Dan, and I’d like to shift.” “And if you do that it means that some one else will have to shift, and that will throw the whole team into confusion. No, you stick it out, Tom.” They walked on in silence for a few minutes, each busy with his own thoughts. The sun slanted across the campus, and glinted through the stained glass windows of Booker chapel, coloring the sward with a wonderful combination of violet and red. Back of the main college was a bank of purplish and olive tinted clouds, which Tom paused to gaze at in admiration. “Look, fellows!” he exclaimed, softly. “It’s just like one of those pictures of Venice, painted by what’s his name.” “Yes, great artist,” put in Phil. “Second cousin to ‘who’s this.’” “No, but look at those colorings,” protested Tom. “Did you ever see such cloud masses? The only thing about them is that they tell of fall coming on, and winter and leafless trees, and——”
  • 57. “Oh, for cats’ sake cut it out!” groaned Sid. “You must be in love again. Got a new girl?” “Shut up!” ordered Tom, peremptorily, as he started toward their dormitory. “The next time I try to elevate the minds of you fellows by pointing out the beauties of nature you’ll know it!” “All right, old chap,” came in soothing accents from Phil. “Those clouds are worth looking at, for a fact. Sid has no soul for anything above the commonplace.” “Neither would you have, if you’d been chewing on mud,” declared the other. “It strikes me that we are getting silly, or sentimental, in our old age. Come on up and get into a bathrobe and we’ll take it easy. I have some imported ginger ale, and some prime cheese in the closet.” “You rat! And you never spoke of it before!” cried Phil, clapping his chum on the back. “Come on, let’s see who’ll get there first, as the wolf said to Red Riding Hood,” and he started up the stairs on the run, followed by Sid, while Tom limped on more slowly. When the end reached their apartment he found the door open, and his two chums standing on the threshold as though afraid to enter. It was dark inside, for the shades were drawn. Tom looked at his two companions in some surprise. “What’s the matter?” he asked. “Snake in there? Why don’t you go on in?” “Listen!” exclaimed Phil, softly. They stood expectantly. Through the stillness there came to them a rhythmetic tick-tick, which floated out of their room and into the corridor. “The clock!” gasped Tom. “Our clock!” whispered Phil, as though to speak aloud would break the magic spell.
  • 58. “It’s come back,” went on Sid, taking a step forward in a stealthy manner, as if he expected to surprise a burglar in the act. “Fellows, to all the gods that on Olympus dwell most everlasting praises be! Our clock’s come back!”
  • 59. CHAPTER VIII ANOTHER IDEA Making ready as though to greet an old friend who had long been absent, the three lads advanced to the middle of the room in the semi-darkness. Louder ticked the clock, and it was like music to their ears. Tom snapped on the electric lights, and the gaze of our three heroes went together toward the mantle shelf. Then there came three simultaneous gasps of astonishment, a starting back in surprise, a catching of breaths. “The clock!” spoke Tom, aghast. “It isn’t ours!” added Phil, gaspingly. “They’ve brought back the wrong one!” exclaimed Sid. Then, as they looked at the new timepiece, a smart one in a new and dull-polished mahogany case—an expensive clock—one they never would have thought of possessing, as they looked at it, there was a musical tinkle of a bell, and five strokes rang out as if in welcome. “A new clock!” went on Phil, in accents of horror. “A clock that strikes!” “‘Come plump, head-waiter of the cock, to which I most resort. How goes the time? ’Tis five o’clock? Go fetch a pint of port!’” quoted Sid. “Oh, what are we up against?” cried Tom. “The plot thickens! There is more of the direful mystery here! Talk about the Arabian Nights’ tale of new lamps for old! Some one has taken our old clock
  • 60. and left in its place this new choice specimen of the art of the horologiographer.” “The art of whom?” asked Phil, in wonder. “Clock-maker,” translated Tom. “They say a fair exchange is no robbery, but this was an unfair exchange. We don’t want a striking clock.” “No, give us back our own fussy little alarm,” begged Sid. “I say, though, fellows, this is no slouch of a piece of horologiographic work, though. It must have cost eight or ten bones, and it’s brand new. Do you guess some one’s conscience smote ’em, after they’d made away with our ticker, and they wanted to make amends?” “I don’t know what to think,” admitted Phil. “Me either,” came from Tom. “But if they bring back one of those new-fangled Turkish rockers in place of our old chair, I’ll fire it out of the window. We can stand the clock, though I’ll be hanged if I like that striking arrangement.” “Me, either,” agreed Sid. “But maybe we can get some clew from this clock. Let’s have a look.” He turned the clock around on the shelf, thereby disturbing its mechanism and stopping the ticking, but he little minded that. He was looking for the maker’s name. “Say, was our door locked when you fellows got here?” asked Tom, who had been a little in the rear of his companions, due to his injured ankle. “Sure it was locked,” asserted Phil. “I opened it with my key. Whoever sneaked in here and left the new clock while we were at football practice must have had a duplicate key. How are you making out, Sid?” “The clock, according to a card pasted on back, was made or sold by Amos Harding, of Chicago.”
  • 61. “Chicago!” cried Tom, in some excitement. “That’s where Langridge came from! Is it possible that he could have come over from Boxer Hall, and played this joke?” “It’s possible, but not probable,” declared Sid. “But we could write to Chicago, and see if Mr. Harding could give us any clew.” “Oh, what’s the use?” asked Phil. “Chicago is a big place, and it’s hardly likely that a dealer there would remember to whom he sold a particular clock, when there are a whole lot like it. This clock is of fairly common pattern, though it’s rather expensive. I’m inclined to think that we’ll never get on to the game that way.” “What have you got to suggest?” asked Tom, as he prepared to bathe his ankle, while Sid set the clock going again. “I was going to say that we might post a notice on the bulletin board, stating that we’d had enough of the joke, and would exchange clocks back again.” “Say, I’ve just thought of something!” exclaimed Sid. “Maybe there’s a thief in college, and he’s been going around snibbying things from the fellows’ rooms. He’s been found out, and made to put the things back. He got our clock mixed up with another, and the other chap has got our ticker.” “Not a bad idea,” assented Phil. “In that case a notice on the bulletin board would be all right, and we’ll wait about writing to Chicago. But Langridge is out of it, I think.” “Well, I don’t,” declared Tom, half savagely, for his ankle hurt him when he rubbed it vigorously. “You’ll find that he’s been mixed up in this somehow. The clock is from Chicago, he comes from Chicago, and there’s some connection there, you can depend on it!” “Well, maybe,” admitted Phil. “But let’s get at the notice, and then it will be grub time. Might as well say something about our chair while we’re at it; eh, fellows?” “No,” came from Tom, “let that go. I think the clock and chair were two different propositions. We’ll work the chair ourselves.”
  • 62. After some talk his chums were inclined to agree with Tom, so Phil wrote out a notice about the timepiece, while Sid interestedly examined the clock, making various speculations concerning it, while Tom doctored his ankle. “There, I guess that will do for a while,” he announced, with a wry face, as he pulled on his shoe. “I hope I’m not lame for practice to- morrow.” “Well, here’s the notice,” exclaimed Phil, a little later. “I’ll read it. ‘For exchange: one mahogany-case clock, new; striking the hours and half hours——’” “Hold on!” interrupted Sid. “Does it strike the half hours?” “Sure, they all do,” asserted Phil, and as if in confirmation of his words, there tinkled out a silvery stroke at five-thirty. “What’d I tell you?” he asked, in triumph. “Where was I?” as he looked at the piece of paper. “Oh, yes: ‘strikes the hours and half-hours. The undersigned will give it back for their small nickel-plated alarm clock, rather battered, but still in the ring. Doesn’t strike at all.’ How’s that, fellows?” “All right,” said the end, as he laced his shoe loosely, for he had bandaged his ankle. “Let’s have it, and I’ll put my name down, then you fellows can go down and stick it up. I’m going to stretch out;” and, scribbling his name on the notice, Tom threw himself on the couch, with due regard for its age and weakness. “I’ll fix it up,” volunteered Phil.
  • 63. CHAPTER IX A CLASH WITH LANGRIDGE In the meanwhile football practice went on, and the team seemed to be getting into better shape, though there was much to be desired. Sam and Pete did better, though they were uncertain, and there was much ragged work, both in offensive and defensive plays, over which coach and captain shook their heads. “Randall has got to do better than that,” said Mr. Lighton, “if she wants to stay at the head of the league.” “Right!” agreed Kindlings. “Bricktop is coaching Sam all he can, but it needs more than coaching to make a guard.” “Hope for the best,” suggested the coach. “I wonder how our freshmen will make out Saturday against Boxer Hall?” “They’ll win, of course,” declared Dan, energetically. The game between the two freshmen elevens of Boxer Hall and Randall was quite an event, almost approaching the ’varsity struggles, and there was a big crowd on hand at the Boxer Hall gridiron the following Saturday when the contest was about to begin. Nearly all of the ’varsity squad was present to lend moral and vocal support, and Bean Perkins was in his element. It was a hot battle from the very kick-off, and the two teams fought each other up and down the field. There was considerable kicking and open playing, but Randall depended on old-fashioned football, modified by Mr. Lighton, and secured the first touchdown. Boxer Hall got one before the initial half was finished, and then there was much speculation during the intermission as to which side would win.
  • 64. By tremendous efforts, ploughing through the line, bucking great holes between their opponents, and by putting up a great defense, Randall succeeded in getting another touchdown, and a goal from the field, while Boxer Hall was unable to score in the last half. It was a glorious victory, all the more so because Randall had lost the contest the previous season. The game was over. There had been cheers for the winners and losers, and college cries and songs galore. “Come on over this way,” urged Tom to Sid and Phil, who had sat with him during the game. “I think I see Madge, Ruth and Mabel. There are a lot of Fairview girls here.” “Oh, trust you for seeing the lassies,” half-grumbled Sid, yet he followed, for he had more than a passing liking for Miss Harrison. As the trio approached the three girls, who were standing together on the side lines, Tom suddenly plucked his companions by their sleeves. “What’s up?” demanded Sid. “There’s Langridge and Gerhart going to speak to them,” said the end. “What?” cried Phil, and a red glow suffused the quarter-back’s face as he saw the former bully of Randall speaking to his sister. “I’ll not stand for that! I don’t want Ruth to have anything to do with him!” For Langridge was not the kind of a chap any fellow would want his sister to associate with. In times past Langridge had been quite friendly with Miss Madge Tyler, but when she had discovered certain things about him, she had cut his acquaintance. “Guess he’s trying to get in with her again,” suggested Sid. “I’ll put a stop to that!” exclaimed Phil, grimly, as he strode forward. Then he called peremptorily: “Ruth!” His sister looked up, caught his eye, blushed a little and, with a word to Langridge and Gerhart, moved off. Her two girl friends
  • 65. followed, and seemed glad of the chance to get away from the two sportily-dressed lads. Langridge swung around, and at the sight of the three lads who, more than any others, had been instrumental in causing him to leave Randall, his face turned a dull red. “What’s wrong, Clinton?” he called, sharply. “Do you think your sister is too good to speak to me?” “He evidently does,” sneered Gerhart. “Since you ask me—I do,” replied Phil, calmly, and then he turned his back on the angry Boxer Hall students and began to talk to his sister and her friends, Tom and Sid joining in the conversation, not without a little sense of embarrassment. “Look here, if you think I’m going to stand for being insulted publicly this way, you’re mistaken, Clinton!” cried Langridge, hotly. He strode forward, while Gerhart tried in vain to hold him back. “Oh, Phil!” cried Ruth, reaching out her hand to halt her brother, but in an instant he had gone beyond where she stood. She clasped her hands in alarm, and Madge and Mabel, with heightened color, gathered close to her. Langridge and Phil faced each other with flashing eyes, and Gerhart stood just behind the former bully of Randall, looking a bit alarmed, for Langridge had torn from his grasp with considerable force. “Look out, Phil,” spoke Sid, in a low voice, but Langridge heard him. “You keep out of this!” he snapped. “I’ll settle with Clinton first, and then if you or Parsons want anything, you know where you can get it.” “Yes, and so do you!” declared Tom, stung by the bully’s words. More than once had the plucky end proved his words, too.
  • 66. “Oh, Tom!” breathed Madge, and she laid a gentle hand on his coat sleeve. “Don’t—don’t let them—fight!” Tom slowly turned his gaze from the flushed and angry face of Langridge to that of the beautiful girl at his side. She was pale, but smiled bravely. It was a tense moment. Phil and the bully still stood facing each other, neither willing to give way. A little crowd, attracted by the impending clash, was approaching. Tom caught Sid’s eye, and the latter, with a quick motion, indicated that he and Tom must interfere to prevent an encounter, at least thus publicly. “You—you insulted me,” mumbled Langridge, his fists clenched, as he glared at Phil. “Impossible,” murmured Tom. “I told you the truth, in answer to your question,” retorted the quarter-back. “You brought it on yourself.” “But why you should consider that my speaking to your sister was an insult, I can’t quite make out,” declared Langridge, with a sneer. “Neither she, Miss Tyler nor Miss Harrison resented it. But perhaps you consider yourself the knight errant of all girls. If so——” “That will do!” interrupted Phil, sharply. “Leave my sister and her friends out of this discussion, if you please!” “And if I don’t please,” sneered Langridge, “for I assure you that I do not, and——” Phil fairly jumped for the bully and Ruth uttered a little cry. In another instant there would have been a scene which Phil, in his calmer moments would have regretted as greatly as any one.
  • 67. CHAPTER X THE BIG CALIFORNIAN Tom saw what was about to happen, and his ready hand fell on his chum’s shoulder. “Not here! Not now!” he whispered into his ear. “Some other time, Phil. Think of your sister—of the other girls. A crowd is gathering. Not now! Not now!” Phil made a motion as if to shake off the restraining grasp, and then thought better of it. In the meanwhile, Sid had casually stepped in front of Langridge. The left half-back motioned to Gerhart to call aside his chum, and the bully’s crony was only too glad to do this, for he was somewhat of a coward, and he feared lest he, too, be entangled in the quarrel which seemed imminent. “Go away, Langridge,” advised Sid, in a low voice. “If you want satisfaction later I’m sure our friend will give it to you. But not now.” “Yes, come on,” urged Gerhart, linking his arm in that of his friend. He swung him around, and Langridge, with a vindictive look at Phil, allowed himself to be led away. At the same time Tom, with a forced laugh, for the benefit of the crowd, walked Phil to one side. “Say something!” he whispered, hoarsely. “Laugh, Phil, if you don’t want to make it unpleasant for the girls. The people are beginning to ask questions.” The quarter-back at once rallied to save the situation. He clapped Tom on the back, and exclaimed: “That’s pretty good, old fellow! Pretty good. You must tell that story at the next frat. dinner. But it was a great game, wasn’t it?
  • 68. Now, come on, Ruth, and we’ll all go and have something to drink. Hot chocolate wouldn’t be bad.” “Most delightful,” chimed in Miss Harrison, with a grateful look at Sid and Tom, as she gallantly threw herself into the breach. “So good of you,” murmured Ruth, smiling, though her paleness belied her meaningless words, and she was trembling. The three lads, each walking beside one of the girls—Tom with Ruth, Phil with Madge Tyler, and Sid with Miss Harrison—strolled toward the entrance gate of the football field. “Nobly done, old chap,” whispered Tom. The crowd began to melt away. “I thought there was going to be a fight,” murmured one disappointed lad, whose “loud” clothes bespoke his sporting proclivities. “There was,” answered a companion, “only something stopped it.” “Who are those three fellows?” asked another lad from Boxer Hall —a freshman evidently. “What—don’t you know the three inseparables?” inquired the “sport.” “Not to know them argues yourself unknown.” The girls were more at their ease now, and Phil, who had started what had so nearly been trouble, did not refer to it, to the great relief of his sister. Really, the interview with Langridge had been unsought on the part of the girls, and they had done their best to avoid speaking to him, without being downright insulting. Miss Tyler and Miss Harrison began a series of gay nothings, and Ruth was soon drawn into the conversation, to which Tom, Phil and Sid contributed their share. “Oh, tell us about the clock and chair mystery, boys,” begged Ruth, when they had left the place where they had partaken of hot
  • 69. chocolate. “Phil said something about it, but I had to drag it out of him like a lawyer cross-questioning a reluctant witness.” “My! Listen to Portia!” cried Madge. “But we should dearly love to hear about the queer happenings.” Thereupon the three young men together and separately, told of the disappearance of their beloved chair, the missing clock, the appearance of the mahogany timepiece, and their ineffectual search for clews. “And if Langridge didn’t have a hand in it, I’ll eat my hat, saving the presence of you ladies,” declared Tom. “Only I can’t get Sid or Phil to agree with me.” “What about, eating your hat?” demanded the quarter-back. “Don’t let us interfere with that pleasure. Go ahead. If yours isn’t enough, you may have a couple of bites out of mine.” “Oh, you know what I mean,” declared Tom, in a little huff. “If you mean about Langridge, I don’t agree with you,” put in Sid. “He never had his finger in this pie.” “Right, Oh!” exclaimed Phil, and then the discussion started all over again, and lasted until the girls declared that they must return to Fairview. “Well, what do you think of it, fellows?” asked Tom, some time later, when the three chums were on their way back to their rooms. “Think Langridge will start anything?” “No,” was Sid’s opinion. “I guess he’ll be glad to let well enough alone.” “I suppose you think I didn’t do exactly right to make the break I did,” ventured Phil, “but I couldn’t stand it to see him talking to Ruth.” “Me, either!” declared Tom, so heartily that the other two laughed, and the little strained feeling that had manifested itself passed away.
  • 70. As they strolled down the corridor the three lads nearly ran into a youth who turned the corner of the hall suddenly. “I beg your pardon, strangers!” he exclaimed, in a full, rich voice. “I sure didn’t see you coming, nor yet hear you. I guess I’m in the wrong pew.” Tom and his chums saw confronting them a tall, well-built lad—big would be the more proper term, for he was big in every way. Six feet if he was an inch, and broad in proportion. He stood regarding them without a trace of embarrassment, a stranger in a strange place, evidently. For a moment Tom had a wild idea that the mystery of the chair and clock was about to be solved. He had not seen the youth before, and he might be a clever thief who had sneaked into the college. “What did you want?” asked Phil, quickly. “And who are you?” demanded Tom. “I beg your pardon,” went on the stranger. “I’ve just arrived at Randall, and Mr. Zane showed me to my room. I left it and went outside, but when I came in again, either someone took my apartment, or, as I said, I’m on the wrong front stoop. Simpson is my name, Frank Simpson. I’m from California, and I’ve been attending Leland Stanford University, but father’s business called him East permanently, and so I decided to come to Randall. I’ve just arrived,” he concluded. “Simpson,” murmured Phil, wondering where he had heard the name before. “With a capital ‘S’,” put in the strange student, with a whimsical smile. “Oh, you’re the fellow Jerry Jackson was speaking of,” exclaimed Tom, recalling the Jersey twin’s reference to some new students who were due to arrive at Randall.
  • 71. “Much obliged to Mr. Jackson, whoever he may be,” spoke the tall youth, “but I haven’t the honor of his acquaintance.” “Oh, you’ll soon know him,” added Sid. “And so you’re from California, eh?” “Yes, but I think I’m going to like it here,” was the response. “They tell me there was a Freshman football game to-day. Did our boys win?” he asked, eagerly. “You see, I’m making myself right at home, calling ’em our boys.” “That’s the way to do,” declared Tom, who, somehow, felt a sudden liking for the stranger. “Are you interested in football?” “I played—some—at Stanford,” was the modest reply, “but I suppose it’s too late to get on the team here. You’re all made up, I hear.” “Made and unmade,” murmured Tom, in a low voice. “Jove!” he added under his breath, as he took in the proportions of the big Californian, “what a guard or tackle he’d make!”
  • 72. CHAPTER XI A NEW COMPLICATION “Oh, hang it all!” burst out Phil Clinton, as he tossed aside his trigonometry. “What’s the matter?” inquired Tom, looking up from his Latin prose. “Have you got the dink-bots?” was Sid’s gentle question, as he kept on carefully mounting a butterfly, one of the specimens he had captured during the summer, and had laid aside until a leisure moment to care for properly. “I don’t know what it is, but I can’t get my mind down to study,” went on the quarter-back. “You never could,” declared Tom, fortifying himself behind the sofa in case Phil should turn violent. It was the evening after the Freshman game, and the three chums were in their study, after the meeting with the big Californian, as Frank Simpson had at once been dubbed. He had been directed to his room, which was on the floor above the apartment of our heroes, and he had gone off thanking them warmly. “What’s the main trouble?” asked Tom. “Oh, nothing in particular; but I guess I’m thinking of too many other things. There’s that little run-in I had with Langridge, seeing the game to-day, worrying about the clock and chair mystery, and wondering how our eleven is going to make out.” “It’s enough to drive you to—cigarettes,” admitted Tom. “But I ——”
  • 73. “Say, I’ll tell you what let’s do,” broke in Sid. “Let’s invite that Simpson chap down here. He must be sort of lonesome, being a stranger here. I saw him going off to his room after grub, and none of the fellows spoke to him. Now, Randall isn’t that kind of a college. True, we don’t know much about him, but he looks the right sort. It won’t do any harm to have him down here and talk to him.” “Sure not,” agreed Phil at once. “Good idea,” declared Tom. “Shall we all go and invite him down, as a committee of three, or will one be enough?” “Oh, one,” replied Phil. “You go, Tom, you’re the homeliest. Have it as informal as possible.” “I like your nerve!” exclaimed the end. “However, I will go, for I like Simpson. I wish he was on the eleven. Wonder if he was any good at Stanford?” “Never heard of him setting the goal posts on fire,” came from Sid, “but you never can tell. If he has any football stuff in him Lighton will bring it out. We can tell Simpson to get into practice, anyhow.” “Randall needs just such material as he looks to be,” went on Tom, as he arose to go to the room of the Californian. “I rather hope he makes the ’varsity.” Frank Simpson very much appreciated the invitation he received, and a little later he was accorded a seat of honor on the sofa, and made to feel at home by our heroes, who plied him with questions about his native State, and what sort of a college Leland Stanford was. The newcomer at Randall answered genially, and, in turn, wanted to know many things. Particularly he was interested in football, and in response to Tom’s urging that he practice, he said that he would. “You fellows have quite a place here,” went on Frank, as his gaze roved admiringly about the room. “Quite a tidy shack.” “You don’t see the best part of it,” spoke Sid.
  • 74. “How’s that?” inquired Frank. “Our old easy chair was mysteriously taken, and in place of a clock whose tick, while an aggravation, made us all feel at home, that timer was left in its place,” remarked Phil, before his chum had a chance to answer. And then the story of the queer happenings was told again. “Somebody’s rigging you, I guess,” was the opinion of the lad from Stanford. “I wouldn’t let ’em see that I was worried.” “Oh, we’re not, but we’d like to get our chair back,” replied Tom. “Something like that happened out in our college, when I was a freshman,” went on the newcomer, who, it developed, was in the Randall sophomore class. “We fellows missed things from our rooms and made quite a row about it, thinking a thief was busy. But it developed that there was a secret society of seniors whose sworn duty it was to furnish up their meeting-room with something taken from every fellow’s apartment in the college. Jove! But those fellows had a raft of stuff, every bit of it pilfered, and when we got next to it we stripped their meeting place as bare as a bone, and got our things back. Maybe that’s what’s happened here.” “It’s possible,” admitted Phil, “but we haven’t heard of any senior secret society like that. It’s worth looking up.” There was a knock on the door, and Holly Cross and Dutch Housenlager entered. They were introduced to Frank, and the congenial little party of lads talked of various matters, mostly football, until the striking of the new clock warned them that it was time for the proctor to begin his nightly rounds of discovery. Frank Simpson began football practice with the scrub eleven the next day, and though he was sneered at by some, Tom and his friends on the ’varsity at once saw that the Californian knew the game. Mr. Lighton did not have to have his attention called to the work of the newcomer, for he picked him out at once, and kept his eyes on him during the warm-up play.
  • 75. “I shouldn’t wonder but what there’d be ’varsity material there,” the coach confided to the captain after the practice game was over, when the scrub had rolled up two touchdowns against their mates. “The land knows we need something to brace us up,” replied Kindlings, somewhat despondently. “Sam Looper is getting worse instead of better. They tore big holes through him to-day.” “I know it,” admitted Mr. Lighton. “And what will happen when Boxer Hall tackles us can be more than imagined, unless there’s a big improvement. But I’m going to watch Simpson.” The big Californian was of a genial temperament, and he endeavored to make friends with his fellows on the scrub, but, somehow or other, they rather resented his advances, and turned the cold shoulder to him. Hurt, but not despairing, Frank “flocked by himself” for a few days. He was becoming known as a “dig,” for he did well in the classroom. Then Tom, and his two mates, seeing how the wind was blowing, made a special point to invite the newcomer to their room more frequently. They took him to their bosoms, and their warm welcome more than made up for the coldness on the part of some of the others. It was not an intentional slight by those who did not welcome Simpson. Don’t get that impression, for there was a warm school spirit at Randall. Only, somehow, it took a little longer for a stranger to make friends, coming in after the term had started, than it did before. Then, too, the fact that he had not passed his freshman year there was a bit against him. But Tom, Phil and Sid minded this not in the least, and soon Frank was made to feel quite at home, for which he was duly grateful. “It’s mighty white of you fellows, to treat me this way, like a friend and a brother,” he said, feelingly, one night, after a session in the room. “Oh, get out! Why shouldn’t we?” demanded Sid.
  • 76. “Of course,” spoke Tom. “Well, lots of fellows wouldn’t go to the trouble, and I appreciate it,” went on the lad from the Golden Gate. “All I want now is to make the ’varsity, and I’ll be happy!” “You may be nearer getting on than you think,” murmured Phil, for in practice that day Snail Looper had done worse than ever, while Frank was a tower of strength to the scrub, which had almost beaten the first team. In spite of their work on the gridiron, our heroes did not forget to look for clews to the missing chair and clock. Only none developed, search and pry about as they did. The big Californian helped them by suggestions, but there proved to be nothing in his theory of a purloining secret society, and Tom and his chums did not know which way to turn next. The date for the game with Newkirk was drawing closer, and practice was correspondingly harder. It was one afternoon, following a gruelling hour on the field, that as Tom, his two chums, and Frank were walking toward the gymnasium, they saw several members of the faculty entering the house of President Churchill. “Hello! What’s up?” exclaimed Tom. “Something, evidently,” answered Phil. “Have any of you fellows been cutting up?” asked Sid, with suspicious looks at his companions. They quickly entered denials. Clearly there was something extraordinary in the meeting that had evidently been called, for the professors wore grave looks as they entered the residence of the head. “I hope none of the ’varsity crowd has been misbehaving himself, and will get laid off the team,” went on Phil, who felt that he carried the weight of the eleven on his shoulders. “We’re in bad enough shape now.”
  • 77. “Here comes Wallops, let’s ask him,” suggested Tom, and when the messenger approached they plied him with questions. “I don’t rightly know what it is,” answered Wallops, “but it is something important and serious, so I heard Mr. Zane saying to Professor Tines, when he gave him word about the meeting. It has something to do with the title to the land on which the college is built. I believe some one has laid claim to it, on account of a cloud on the title, but I really don’t understand legal terms.” “Do you mean that Randall College is in danger of losing some of the property?” gasped Phil, as he looked around at the fine campus, the athletic field, and the group of buildings. “It’s something like that,” went on the messenger. “I heard Mr. Zane say the land might be taken by the heirs of some old man who once had a claim on it.” “Well, what would happen if he could make good his claim?” asked Sid. “I don’t know, but I suppose the heirs could say the college was theirs, being built on their ground, or they could tear it down. But I don’t rightly know,” concluded Wallops. “Probably it will be known after the meeting.” “More trouble for old Randall!” groaned Tom, as he and his chums watched the gathering of the solemn professors.
  • 78. CHAPTER XII THE MISSING DEED Bad news, they say, travels fast, and certainly it must have made a record trip throughout the length and breadth of Randall that afternoon. Tom and the others had scarcely changed from their football togs into ordinary clothes before half a score of their fellows demanded to know if they had heard the rumors that were flying around. “We sure have,” replied Tom. “How much truth is there in them, Jerry Jackson?” “I don’t know,” replied the Jersey twin. “We only heard as much as you did,” echoed his brother. “Prexy will make an announcement at chapel to-morrow morning, if there’s anything in it,” declared Dutch Housenlager. “Then I wish it was chapel time now,” murmured Phil. “I don’t like this suspense.” “Me either,” declared Sid. “Well, there’s one consolation,” put in Frank Simpson. “If it’s got anything to do with the law there’s no present danger that the college will be torn down—not before the football season is over, anyhow.” “Why not?” demanded Tom. “Because the law is so slow. If it’s a question of title to land it can go through several courts before it’s definitely decided. I know
  • 79. because my father’s a lawyer, and he’s had several cases of disputed titles.” “Well, there’s something in that,” declared Phil. “But I don’t like to think of old Randall being in any kind of danger. It makes me uneasy.” The talk became general, and there were many speculations as to what the trouble really was, and what the outcome would be. The conversation continued after our friends had gone to their room, whither flocked a number of their chums to discuss the situation. For the time being football was forgotten, and the trouble of Randall held the centre of the stage. “Well, there’s no use worrying about a bridge, until you hear the rustle of its wings,” said Sid at length. “What we fellows need to do is to get out and make a noise like having some fun,” opined Dutch Housenlager. “When the cat’s gone on her vacation, the mice eat bread and cheese, you know. Proc. Zane is closeted with the bunch of highbrows, and so what’s the matter with cutting up some?” “Dutch, I’m surprised at you!” exclaimed Tom, reproachfully. “Why? What’s the matter?” asked the fun-loving youth, innocently. “Wanting to skylark at a time like this, just because the authorities are in statuo quo,” went on Tom. “Not on your life, Dutch! It’s fun enough to play some tricks when you’re taking chances on getting caught. Now it would be like taking pie from a baby in arms.” “I guess you’re right,” admitted Dutch Housenlager, contritely. “We’ll defer the operation,” he went on, in solemn tones. “I think the patient will survive until morning.” Seldom had there been such an attendance at service as greeted Dr. Churchill when he stood on the platform in the Booker Memorial Chapel the next morning. The early sun glinted in through the stained glass windows, and seemed to pervade the room with a mystic light that added to the solemnity of the occasion.
  • 80. The Scriptural selection was from one of the Psalms of David—one of those beautiful prose poems which are such a comfort in times of trouble. And as the vibrant tones of the venerable president’s voice rose and fell, when he feelingly spoke the words, it seemed to the boys, careless and happy-go-lucky as they might be ordinarily, that a new dignity and depth of appreciation was theirs. After the prayer, which was in keeping with the Bible reading, Dr. Churchill arose, and came slowly to the edge of the platform. He stood for a moment, silently contemplating the throng of earnest young faces raised to his, and then he spoke. “Men of Randall,” he began, solemnly, “we are facing a crisis in the history of our college. Men of Randall, it behooves us to meet it bravely, and with our faces to the enemy. Men of Randall, we may be at the parting of the ways, and so, being men together, I speak to you as men.” The good doctor paused, and a sound, as of a great sigh, passed through the assemblage. Usually when the doctor had any announcement to make, he addressed the students as “young gentlemen.” They felt the change in the appellation more than any amount of talk would have impressed them. “Doubtless you have heard rumors of the crisis in our affairs,” went on the president, after taking off his glasses, slowly wiping them, and replacing the frames back of his ears, over which the white locks fell. “Whatever you have heard I beg of you to disregard to this extent, that you do not repeat it. In evil times words increase trouble. I will tell you the truth as nearly as I and the gentlemen associated with me can come at it. “Randall College, as you know, was built many years ago. The land was purchased from a fund left by a gentleman who had the good of the youth of this land at heart. Other endowments enabled buildings to be put up. In all these years no hint of trouble has come to us, but now we are confronting a fact, not a theory, as your political science teaches you.
  • 81. “The land whereon Randall and the various buildings stand, yes, where there is laid out the fields for the pursuit of baseball and football, and I think I am right in assuming this to be the football season?” The president paused, and glanced questioningly at the proctor, whom he evidently took for an authority on sports. For Dr. Churchill, while an enthusiastic supporter of every team in the college, knew rather less about the various terms, and times of games than the average baby. The proctor nodded in acquiescence. “Even the very football field is under suspicion,” continued the president, and there was another great sigh, mainly from that section of the chapel where sat Tom and his chums. “In fact the entire ground on which the college is built has been claimed by outsiders. “The facts, in brief, are these: When the land was purchased there were several persons who had interests therein. From them releases, in the form of quit-claim deeds, were obtained, and then it was thought that the corporation of Randall had a clear title. Now it develops that a certain Simon Hess was one of the persons who gave a quit-claim deed, after being paid for his share in the land. “That deed, I regret to say, can not be found, and in the absence of it, it is as if it never existed. Simon Hess is dead, but he left several heirs, and they are now making a claim against the college. Perhaps they might not be so eager, were it not for certain lawyers who are apparently urging them on. “An attempt was made to settle with them when they made their claim known, but the lawyers insisted that their clients prosecute their suits, and so the hope of compromise was abandoned. It seems that they want the life’s blood of our college, and, as you know, we are not a wealthy institution. “Yesterday I received from Mr. Franklin Langridge, the lawyer who represents the claimants, a demand for a large cash settlement if their claim was abandoned. I need hardly say that Randall is in no
  • 82. position to pay a large amount in cash. I called a meeting of the faculty, and we came to that conclusion. I have so notified Mr. Langridge.” At the first mention of that name there had been an uneasy movement among the students. At its repetition, when it was whispered around that this was the father of Fred Langridge, the former bully of the college, the movement became more pronounced. “Mr. Langridge,” went on the president, when he was suddenly interrupted by a series of hisses. Dr. Churchill started. Mr. Zane hurriedly whispered to him, explaining that it was only the name of Langridge that thus met with disapprobation. The venerable president raised his hand for silence. “Men of Randall,” he said, solemnly, “that was unworthy of you.” The hissing stopped instantly. “And so our college is in danger,” continued the good doctor, after a pause, “but we must face it bravely. We will not give way to it. We will meet it like men! We will fight the good fight. We will——” “Three cheers for Randall College and Dr. Churchill!” yelled Bean Perkins, leaping to his feet and forgetting that he was in chapel— forgetting that it was a solemn occasion—forgetting everything save that he was wrought up to the point of frenzy. “Three cheers, and the biggest tiger that ever wore stripes, fellows!” Oh, what a shout there was! Every student was on his feet in an instant, yelling at the top of his voice. Even some of the faculty joined in, and Dr. Emerson Tines was observed to be wildly waving his hands. How the cheers rang out! And then the tiger! Dr. Churchill blew his nose violently, and wiped his glasses several times, for there was a mist of tears on them. He tried to speak—to go on—but he was too affected. Slowly he turned, and walked back to his seat amid the faculty. And then Bean Perkins did what forever covered him with glory,
  • 83. wherever, in after years, the stories of Randall College were told. Jumping up on one of the pews, he raised his hand for silence. Then, in a voice that was singularly sweet and clear, he started that school song: “Aut Vincere, Aut Mori!” Welled out the strains from hundreds of throats—the song of songs—the song that was always sung in times of victory, or when the teams on diamond or gridiron seemed to be putting up a losing fight—the song that had snatched many a victory from defeat. Forth it rolled, deep-voiced and solemn, sung in the original Latin, in which it had been composed years ago by a gifted graduate: “Aut Vincere, Aut Mori!”—“Either We Conquer, or We Die!” It was the rallying cry to the battle that confronted the college.
  • 84. CHAPTER XIII THE FIRST GAME Silence followed what was probably the most remarkable scene that had ever taken place at chapel in the history of Randall. A deep, heart-felt silence, which was almost as impressive as the unexpected singing had been. Some of the students were fairly panting from the emotion which had racked them, for they had been stirred as they seldom were before. Slowly Dr. Churchill arose from the chair, and again approached the edge of the platform. His voice broke as he spoke a few words. “Men of Randall, I thank you,” he said impressively and simply. “You may rest assured that nothing will be left undone to save the old college, which has no more loyal supporters than yourselves, and, I may add, than the gentlemen associated with me on the faculty.” He paused a moment, as if he would say more, and then, with a motion of his hand, dismissed the assemblage. In silence the students filed out, and it was not until they were some distance away from the chapel, broken up into little groups, that they began discussing the situation. Even then it was in hushed voices, as if the enemies of Randall might be hiding about, listening for something of which they could take advantage. “Wallops wasn’t far out,” remarked Tom, who, with Phil, Sid and some other friends, was walking slowly along. “No,” came from the quarter-back, “but wouldn’t it get your Angora, though? To think of there being a flaw in the title all these years, and someone only just now taking advantage of it!”
  • 85. “I wonder what can have become of the missing quit-claim deed?” ventured Sid. “No telling,” remarked Holly Cross. “Prexy said it was given by a Simon Hess,” went on Tom. “I’ve heard that name before, somewhere, but I can’t recall it.” “I was telling you about our chair having been in the Hess family,” explained Sid. “Don’t you remember, I said it was one of the Hess heirlooms when we bought it of Hatterly, the Senior.” “That’s right,” agreed Tom. “Fancy that now! Maybe next they’ll be accusing us of having the missing deed, because we have some of the Hess property.” “We haven’t got it, you mean,” put in Phil. “Our chair is still in a state of non est.” “Haven’t you located that venerable piece of architecture yet?” asked Dutch Housenlager, with a sly putting forth of his foot, in an effort to trip Tom. Dutch was always up to some horse-play. “No, we haven’t found it, and I guess we’re not likely to,” went on the end, as he spoiled the efforts of Dutch by hitting him a playful blow in the side. “The mystery of the clock is still unexplained. Our offer to trade back hasn’t had any takers.” “Oh, you fellows make me tired, always talking about your old relics!” broke in Kindlings. “You had much better be considering some new football plays, or how to help Randall out of the hole she’s in.” “Out of the hole some rascally lawyers got her in, you’d better say,” corrected Holly Cross. “This trouble never would have developed, if it hadn’t been that some legal sharps stirred it up, for the hope of a fat fee, I presume.” “And Langridge’s father, of all lawyers!” put in Sid. “You’d have thought that since his son once went here, he’d have had the
  • 86. decency not to appear in the case, and would have left it for some one else.” “Maybe he’s doing it on purpose, just because his son had to leave here,” suggested Tom. “Shouldn’t wonder a bit,” agreed Captain Woodhouse. “But, say, don’t let this trouble get on your minds, fellows, so that you can’t play football. We’re going up against Newkirk day after to-morrow, you know, and while we’ll probably roll up a big score against ’em, we can’t take any chances. Hard practice this afternoon. We want to wipe up the field with the scrub.” “We’ll be on hand, captain!” promised Phil, and the other players shouted their assents. The students went to their various studies, still talking over the scene of the morning, and what it portended. It was learned, later in the day, that the best legal talent possible had been engaged to fight the claim of the Hess heirs for the Randall land, and that a vigorous search would be made for the missing quit-claim deed, without which the college could not prove a clear title to the property. It also was hinted that Mr. Langridge was not altogether actuated by purely legal motives in prosecuting the claim against the college. When it became known that the father of Garvey Gerhart was associated with him in the law business, there were few students who did not believe that the two men were acting as much out of revenge because their sons had been forced from Randall, as from any other motive. “But it will take some time to get the land away from the college trustees, even if they lose the case,” explained Frank Simpson, “so there won’t be any football games cancelled.” He was in his uniform, and was walking out on the field with Tom and the others to the practice. “I only wish he was going to be in the game with us against Newkirk instead of the Snail,” mused Tom, as the scrub and ’varsity
  • 87. lined up. “We’d stand a better chance to pile up a big score.” But Sam Looper seemed to do better that afternoon, and was complimented by the coach for some good tackles he made, as well as for his ability in breaking through the scrub line. “Oh, maybe he won’t be so bad,” conceded the captain, hopefully. The practice was hard and gruelling, but it brought out a number of weak spots, which were impressed upon the players, that they might avoid them. Also some faults in plays were discovered, and measures taken to correct them. There was more hard practice the following day, when the scrub, mainly through the fine playing of the new member, Frank Simpson, came perilously near scoring, which they had been prevented from doing of late. The big Californian was showing up wonderfully well, and he was making more friends by his sterling character. At last came the time for the first regular ’varsity game of the season, and though Newkirk was considered a sort of second-rate rival, there had been a marked improvement in her playing of late, so that the Randallites understood they were to have no walkover. The grandstands were filled with a motley crowd of students, men and women spectators and pretty girls galore, for nearly all the feminine contingent of Fairview Institute was on hand, shrilly cheering, or singing for their favorite team, and waving the colors of their own college, intermingled with those of Randall or Newkirk. It is no exaggeration to say that the yellow and maroon of Randall predominated, and when Tom, Phil and Sid looked toward a certain section of grandstand A, which location had previously been brought to their attention, they saw three particularly pretty girls, waving the colors that meant so much to them. “Madge, Ruth and Mabel are there,” announced Tom, as he followed his mates into the dressing room. “Glad of it,” remarked Phil. “It sort of makes you feel as if you could play better when——”
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