Xml pres 1
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The document discusses XML from the ground up and provides examples of different XML formats and structures, including: - Examples of XML documents with elements, attributes, and nested structures to represent data in a tree format - Basic XML syntax rules around tags, nesting, and special characters - How XML can be used to represent different data types and structures like documents, forms, and databases - More advanced XML concepts like namespaces, schemas, and transformations between XML formats using XSLT The document serves as an introduction to XML, covering the basic concepts and syntax as well as more advanced topics to provide an overview of Extensible Markup Language from the fundamentals.
![XPath & XML Document
Structure
<xml>
xml
<table>
xml/table
<rec id="1">
xml/table/rec
<numField>123</numField>
xml/table/rec/numField
<stringField>StringValue</stringField>
xml/table/rec/stringField
</rec>
<rec id="2">
xml/table/rec/@id
<numField>346</numField>
<stringField>Text Value</stringField>
</rec>
</table>
</xml>
xml/table/rec[@id='2']](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xmlpres1-131222100000-phpapp01/85/Xml-pres-1-38-320.jpg)
![Schema components [1]
The <schema> element
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xs:schema …..
... ...
</xs:schema>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xmlpres1-131222100000-phpapp01/85/Xml-pres-1-53-320.jpg)
![Schema components [2]
Simple element
can contain only text. It cannot contain any
other elements or attributes.
<xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xmlpres1-131222100000-phpapp01/85/Xml-pres-1-54-320.jpg)
![Schema components [3]
Attributes
e.g.
<xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:string"/>
<lastname lang="EN">Smith</lastname>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xmlpres1-131222100000-phpapp01/85/Xml-pres-1-55-320.jpg)
![Schema components [4]
Built-in data types…. E.g:
xs:string
xs:decimal
xs:integer
xs:boolean
xs:date
xs:time](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xmlpres1-131222100000-phpapp01/85/Xml-pres-1-56-320.jpg)
![Schema restrictions
[restriction base]
<xs:element name="age">
<xs:simpleType>
<xs:restriction base="xs:integer">
<xs:minInclusive value="0"/>
<xs:maxInclusive value="100"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
</xs:element>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xmlpres1-131222100000-phpapp01/85/Xml-pres-1-57-320.jpg)
![Schema restrictions
[enumeration]
<xs:element name="car">
<xs:simpleType>
<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:enumeration value="Audi"/>
<xs:enumeration value="Golf"/>
<xs:enumeration value="BMW"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
</xs:element>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xmlpres1-131222100000-phpapp01/85/Xml-pres-1-58-320.jpg)
![Schema restrictions
[pattern/regular expression]
<xs:element name="letter">
<xs:simpleType>
<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:pattern value="[a-z]"/> </xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
</xs:element>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xmlpres1-131222100000-phpapp01/85/Xml-pres-1-59-320.jpg)
![Regular Expressions
Wildcards on steroids
ab|c{2}|de
“ab”; “cc”; “de”
[A-Z]{1,4}
“ABDS”; “A”; “ZXS”
[1970-2030]
e.g. years in range
[A-Z]{1,2}[0-9R][0-9AZ]? [0-9][A-Z]{2}
Post Codes](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xmlpres1-131222100000-phpapp01/85/Xml-pres-1-60-320.jpg)
![Complex Element
contains other elements and/or attributes.
[4 kinds]
1)
2)
3)
4)
empty elements
elements that contain only other elements
elements that contain only text
elements that contain both other elements
and text](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xmlpres1-131222100000-phpapp01/85/Xml-pres-1-62-320.jpg)
Xml pres 1
- 1. XML From The Ground Up
- 5. ? 1997,Ford,E350,"ac, abs, moon",3000.00 1999,Chevy,"Venture ""Extended Edition""",,4900.00 1996,Jeep,Grand Cherokee,"MUST SELL! air - moon roof loaded",4799.00
- 6. CSV 1997,Ford,E350,"ac, abs, moon",3000.00 1999,Chevy,"Venture ""Extended Edition""",,4900.00 1996,Jeep,Grand Cherokee,"MUST SELL! air - moon roof loaded",4799.00
- 7. CSV cont… 1997 Ford E350 1999 Chevy Venture "Extended Edition" 1996 Jeep Grand Cherokee ac, abs, moon 3000.00 4900.00 MUST SELL! air - moon roof loaded 4799.00
- 8. ? 01041cam 2200265 a 450000100200000000300040002000 50017000240080041000410100024000820200025001060200 04400131040001800175050002400193082001800217100003 20023524500870026724600360035425000120039026000370 04023000029004395000042004685200220005106500033007 30650001200763^###89048230#/AC/r91^DLC^19911106082 810.9^891101s1990####maua###j######000#0#eng##^##$ a###89048230#/AC/r91^##$a0316107514 :$c$12.95^##$a 0316107506 (pbk.) : $c$5.95 ($6.95 Can.)^##$aDLC$cD LC$dDLC^00$aGV943.25$b.B74 1990^00$a796.334/2$220^ 10$aBrenner, Richard J.,$d1941-^10$aMake the team. $pSoccer :$ba heads up guide to super soccer! /$cR ichard J. Brenner.^30$aHeads up guide to super soccer.^##$a1st ed.^##$aBoston : $bLittle, Brown,$cc19 90.^##$a127 p. :$bill. ;$c19 cm.^##$a"A Sports ill ustrated for kids book."^##$aInstructions for improving soccer skills. Discusses dribbling, heading, playmaking, defense, conditioning, mental attitud e, how to handle problems with coaches, parents, and other players, and the history of soccer.^#0$aS occer$vJuvenile literature.^#1$aSoccer.^
- 9. MARC 01041cam 2200265 a 450000100200000000300040002000 50017000240080041000410100024000820200025001060200 04400131040001800175050002400193082001800217100003 20023524500870026724600360035425000120039026000370 04023000029004395000042004685200220005106500033007 30650001200763^###89048230#/AC/r91^DLC^19911106082 810.9^891101s1990####maua###j######000#0#eng##^##$ a###89048230#/AC/r91^##$a0316107514 :$c$12.95^##$a 0316107506 (pbk.) : $c$5.95 ($6.95 Can.)^##$aDLC$cD LC$dDLC^00$aGV943.25$b.B74 1990^00$a796.334/2$220^ 10$aBrenner, Richard J.,$d1941-^10$aMake the team. $pSoccer :$ba heads up guide to super soccer! /$cR ichard J. Brenner.^30$aHeads up guide to super soccer.^##$a1st ed.^##$aBoston : $bLittle, Brown,$cc19 90.^##$a127 p. :$bill. ;$c19 cm.^##$a"A Sports ill ustrated for kids book."^##$aInstructions for improving soccer skills. Discusses dribbling, heading, playmaking, defense, conditioning, mental attitud e, how to handle problems with coaches, parents, and other players, and the history of soccer.^#0$aS occer$vJuvenile literature.^#1$aSoccer.^
- 10. MARC cont… Leader 01041cam 2200265 a 4500 Control No. 001 ###89048230 Control No. ID 003 DLC DTLT 005 19911106082810.9 Fixed Data 008 891101s1990 maua j 001 0 eng LCCN 010 ## $a ###89048230 ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107514 : $c $12.95 ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107506 (pbk.) : $c $5.95 ($6.95 Can.) Cat. Source 040 ## $a DLC $c DLC $d DLC LC Call No. 050 00 $a GV943.25 $b .B74 1990 Dewey No. 082 00 $a 796.334/2 $2 20 …
- 11. ? :p.Here's an example of some BASIC statements: :xmp. 10 PRINT USING 55 A, B, C 20 LET J = K + 2 30 IF J = X GO TO 80 :exmp. :pc.that will solve this problem. :fig place=inline width=page frame=box. AN INLINE, PAGE-WIDE FIGURE Because the contents of a figure format EXACTLY as entered, you can enter blanks on the line (before text) and the lines will print exactly the same as they were entered! :figcap. An Inline, Page-Wide Figure :figdesc. This is the first figure I have entered myself. :efig. :p.This paragraph follows the FIG end tag. Here we have another figure (inline and column wide): :fig place=inline width=column. Let's create another figure that is column wide, which will create a second item for a list of illustrations in a future exercise. :figcap. A Column-Wide Figure :efig.
- 12. GML :p.Here's an example of some BASIC statements: :xmp. 10 PRINT USING 55 A, B, C 20 LET J = K + 2 30 IF J = X GO TO 80 :exmp. :pc.that will solve this problem. :fig place=inline width=page frame=box. AN INLINE, PAGE-WIDE FIGURE Because the contents of a figure format EXACTLY as entered, you can enter blanks on the line (before text) and the lines will print exactly the same as they were entered! :figcap. An Inline, Page-Wide Figure :figdesc. This is the first figure I have entered myself. :efig. :p.This paragraph follows the FIG end tag. Here we have another figure (inline and column wide): :fig place=inline width=column. Let's create another figure that is column wide, which will create a second item for a list of illustrations in a future exercise. :figcap. A Column-Wide Figure :efig.
- 13. GML cont…
- 14. SGML <QUOTE TYPE="example"> typically something like <ITALICS>this</ITALICS> </QUOTE>
- 15. HTML
- 17. XML - 2 Is for structuring data Is derived from SGML/HTML Is text, but isn’t meant to be read Is verbose by design
- 18. Basic Syntax of XML All XML elements must have a closing tag Empty elements must close with / XML tags are case sensitive All XML elements must be properly nested All XML documents must have a root element Attribute values must always be quoted XML entities must be used for special characters
- 19. Special Characters in XML strings & < > " ' - & - < - > - " - '
- 20. Example of Special Characters Invalid XML <Organization>Logica & SE</Organization> Valid XML <Organization>Logica & SE</Organization>
- 21. XML Structure <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" Prolog.(optional) standalone="no"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/css“ href="xmlstyle.css"?> <bookstore xml:lang="en-US“ xmlns:def="Definitions“> <book id=“1”>The Bible</book> … </bookstore> Processing Instruction (optional) Document Element (namespace/s) Child node/s Closing tag of Document Element
- 22. XML Example <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Recipe name="bread" prep_time="5 mins" cook_time="3 hours"> <title>Basic bread</title> <ingredient amount="3" unit="cups">Flour</ingredient> <ingredient amount="0.25" unit="ounce">Yeast</ingredient> <ingredient amount="1.5" unit="cups“ state="warm">Water</ingredient> <ingredient amount="1" unit="teaspoon">Salt</ingredient> <Instructions> <step>Mix all ingredients together, and knead thoroughly.</step> <step>Cover with a cloth, and leave for one hour in warm room.</step> <step>Knead again, place in a tin, and then bake in the oven.</step> </Instructions> </Recipe>
- 24. Attributes vs Elements Data can be stored in child elements or in attributes. <person sex="female"> <fname>Anna</fname> <lname>Smith</lname> </person> <person> <sex>female</sex> <fname>Anna</fname> <lname>Smith</lname> </person>
- 28. Tree
- 29. Pruning
- 30. Grafting
- 31. Hierarchy
- 32. Tree Traversal
- 33. Tree Models
- 34. Trees – Nested Set view
- 35. Take Home … XML is a syntax for marking up data Markup tags are not pre-defined Namespaces make identical tag names unique An XML instance document is made up of markup tags and text (data) XML documents are tree structures
- 37. XPath language for addressing part/s of an XML document designed to be used by XSLT models XML document as tree of nodes fully supports XML Namespaces
- 38. XPath & XML Document Structure <xml> xml <table> xml/table <rec id="1"> xml/table/rec <numField>123</numField> xml/table/rec/numField <stringField>StringValue</stringField> xml/table/rec/stringField </rec> <rec id="2"> xml/table/rec/@id <numField>346</numField> <stringField>Text Value</stringField> </rec> </table> </xml> xml/table/rec[@id='2']
- 39. XSL/XSLT
- 41. XSL/XSL Example - Source <persons> <person username="MP123456"> <name>John</name> <family_name>Smith</family_name> </person> <person username="PK123456"> <name>Sally</name> <family_name>Jones</family_name> </person> </persons>
- 42. XSLT Stylesheet <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/"> <transform> <xsl:apply-templates/> </transform> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match=" person"> <record> <username> <xsl:value-of select=" @username" /> </username> <name> <xsl:value-of select=" name" /> </name> </record> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
- 43. Transformed Output <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <transform> <record> <username>MP123456</username> <name>John</name> </record> <record> <username>PK123456</username> <name>Sally</name> </record> </transform>
- 46. XSL-FO Processor
- 47. Take Home … XPath to address data within XML XSLT to re-structure XML They operate on collections of nodes They work with any type of XML
- 48. XSLT_test.htm
- 49. XML Schema A pattern for XML documents Content Structure Constraints
- 50. XML Schema Defines … Content Structure elements & attributes parent-child relationships order of child elements number of child elements Constraints whether an element is empty or can include text data types for elements and attributes default/fixed values for elements & attributes
- 51. Example: Simple XML File <?xml version="1.0"?> <note> <to>Peter</to> <from>Clare</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget the pub this weekend!</body> </note>
- 52. Example: XML Schema <?xml version="1.0"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema“> <xs:element name="note"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:schema>
- 53. Schema components [1] The <schema> element <?xml version="1.0"?> <xs:schema ….. ... ... </xs:schema>
- 54. Schema components [2] Simple element can contain only text. It cannot contain any other elements or attributes. <xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
- 55. Schema components [3] Attributes e.g. <xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:string"/> <lastname lang="EN">Smith</lastname>
- 56. Schema components [4] Built-in data types…. E.g: xs:string xs:decimal xs:integer xs:boolean xs:date xs:time
- 57. Schema restrictions [restriction base] <xs:element name="age"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="xs:integer"> <xs:minInclusive value="0"/> <xs:maxInclusive value="100"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> </xs:element>
- 58. Schema restrictions [enumeration] <xs:element name="car"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="Audi"/> <xs:enumeration value="Golf"/> <xs:enumeration value="BMW"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> </xs:element>
- 59. Schema restrictions [pattern/regular expression] <xs:element name="letter"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:pattern value="[a-z]"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> </xs:element>
- 60. Regular Expressions Wildcards on steroids ab|c{2}|de “ab”; “cc”; “de” [A-Z]{1,4} “ABDS”; “A”; “ZXS” [1970-2030] e.g. years in range [A-Z]{1,2}[0-9R][0-9AZ]? [0-9][A-Z]{2} Post Codes
- 62. Complex Element contains other elements and/or attributes. [4 kinds] 1) 2) 3) 4) empty elements elements that contain only other elements elements that contain only text elements that contain both other elements and text
- 63. Complex Element examples a) b) c) <product pid="1345"/> <employee> <firstname>John</firstname> <lastname>Smith</lastname> </employee> <food type="dessert">Ice cream</food>
- 64. Complex Element Definition <xs:element name="employee"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element>
- 65. Complex Element Definition /2 Reference to complex type <xs:element name="employee" type="personinfo"/> <xs:complexType name="personinfo"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType>
- 66. Type Reuse Several elements based on same type <xs:element name="employee" type="personinfo"/> <xs:element name="student" type="personinfo"/> <xs:element name="member" type="personinfo"/>
- 67. Type Extension <xs:complexType name="fullpersoninfo"> <xs:complexContent> <xs:extension base="personinfo"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="address" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="city" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="country" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:extension> </xs:complexContent> </xs:complexType>
- 68. Indicators Seven type of indicators enable composition Order indicators: Occurrence indicators: All Choice Sequence maxOccurs minOccurs Group indicators: Group name attributeGroup name
- 69. <any> The <any> element enables us to extend the XML document with elements not specified by the schema. The <anyAttribute> element enables us to extend the XML document with attributes not specified by the schema.
- 70. Where’s the beef? XML Schema permits… Standard libraries of data specifications Formal specification of data models Automated validation of XML instance files based on XML Schema Simplified creation of structured documents
- 71. XML Schema QA Automated using a QA XSLT GovTalk – Schema QA Stylesheet schemaQA_1.htm
- 72. Schema Libraries Govtalk Ordnance Survey MasterMap Environmental Information Exchange
- 73. XML Toolkit Parsers (validating & non-validating) DOM (Document Object Model) SAX (Simple API for XML) Hybrid pull parsers
- 74. Schema & Validation Schema provide basis for automated validation of XML xmlValidation.dot
- 75. Schema & Document Creation
- 76. SAS XML Mapper
- 77. SAS XMLMap <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <SXLEMAP > <TABLE name="docDscr_citation__titl"> <TABLE-PATH syntax="XPath">/codeBook/docDscr/citation/titlStmt/titl </TABLE-PATH> <COLUMN name="docDscrcitationtitl "> <PATH syntax="XPath">/codeBook/docDscr/citation/titlStmt/titl </PATH> <TYPE>character</TYPE> <DATATYPE>string</DATATYPE> <LENGTH>950</LENGTH> <LABEL>Full authoritative title of the documentation (DC Title)</LABEL> </COLUMN> </TABLE> </SXLEMAP>
- 78. SAS XMLMap Manager Plugin
- 80. Benefits of the XML route Open Standards Vendor Neutral e-GIF/OSIAF compliant Very flexible – one source, many uses
- 81. Problems with the XML route XML files tend to be large DOM (Drudgery Object Model) Inter-record linking & validation across records is not trivial Many tools are not mature (but this situation is improving rapidly.)
- 82. OK, What next…? Vocabularies Schemas Additional intra-record validation based on XSLT and XPath Publish
- 83. Vocabularies Domain experts identify data items and agree a vocabulary. Arrange items into logical data groupings
- 84. XML Schemas Model the data items (UML?) Isolate common data definitions Prepare Schemas Disambiguate using namespaces Validate model QA Schemas for compliance with standards (automated)
- 85. Intra-record validation Options include… XSLT XPath (SE examples: Pupil Census; Road Accident Stats.)
- 86. Publication Add to Schema Library Govtalk Ordnance Survey MasterMap Environmental Information Exchange Example: BS7666
Editor's Notes
- #62: Restrictions for Datatypes Enumeration : Defines a list of acceptable values fractionDigits : Specifies the maximum number of decimal places allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero Length : Specifies the exact number of characters or list items allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero maxExclusive : Specifies the upper bounds for numeric values (the value must be less than this value) maxInclusive : Specifies the upper bounds for numeric values (the value must be less than or equal to this value) maxLength : Specifies the maximum number of characters or list items allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero minExclusive : Specifies the lower bounds for numeric values (the value must be greater than this value) minInclusive: Specifies the lower bounds for numeric values (the value must be greater than or equal to this value) minLength: Specifies the minimum number of characters or list items allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero Pattern : Defines the exact sequence of characters that are acceptable totalDigits : Specifies the exact number of digits allowed. Must be greater than zero whiteSpace : Specifies how white space (line feeds, tabs, spaces, and carriage returns) is handled
- #69: Order indicators are used to define how elements should occur. The <all> indicator specifies by default that the child elements can appear in any order and that each child element must occur once and only once: The <choice> indicator specifies that either one child element or another can occur: The <sequence> indicator specifies that the child elements must appear in a specific order: Occurrence indicators are used to define how often an element can occur. The <maxOccurs> indicator specifies the maximum number of times an element can occur: The <minOccurs> indicator specifies the minimum number of times an element can occur: Group indicators are used to define related sets of elements.