IoT Primer for High School Students
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The document serves as an introductory primer on the Internet of Things (IoT) for high school students, discussing its significance, evolution, and applications. It emphasizes the relationship between state, data, and control, highlighting how IoT can improve various sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, and urban development. Additionally, it encourages innovation and courage in embracing new technologies and solutions for future challenges.
IoT Primer for High School Students
- 1. IoT Primer for High School Students Syam Madanapalli | IEEE Senior Member @smpalli
- 2. Outline 2@smpalli State, Data and IoT Innovating IoT Applications Introducing the Internet Defining IoT for Beginners
- 3. 3 What is the relation? Time The Earth @smpalli
- 4. 4 Time The Earth Is a State of Times gives the position of the Earth in the solar system. @smpalli
- 5. What if Time was NOT Invented? 5 Delayed the advancement of civilization Now Later Past Future Present @smpalli
- 6. @smpalli 6 Observation Measurement Electricity Internet Devices evolved from observation to accurate measurement, and usage of battery and the Internet
- 7. Time Advanced the Civilization 7 Time made discipline Time enabled the collaboration Time caused the Industrial Revolution* * E. P. Thompson in Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism, 1967 @smpalli
- 8. 8 What if we can discover or invent more attributes on/for the Earth? @smpalli
- 9. 9 State and Data Everything has state; many things need data @smpalli
- 10. Expiry Date Heart Rate Name of a Person Current Time Everything has a State @smpalli 10
- 11. State is Exhibited with Attributes 11 State can be expressed with multiple attributes Attribute Value Temperature 24 C Battery Level 65% Name Thermostat Others … @smpalli
- 12. State Machines 12 Few things expose internal state using state machines @smpalli Bulb
- 13. State Machines may Take Inputs 13 Sometimes users control the state @smpalli Bulb
- 14. Few Things need Data @smpalli 14 Air-conditioner needs current temperature and time Washing machine may need current energy tariff Car needs road conditions for better control
- 15. People Need Data @smpalli 15 Location information Monitoring of health parameters Waste level detection Detecting tree cutting Industrial equipment monitoring Gas level detection for predictive maintenance
- 16. We Need Control @smpalli 16 Control lights and appliances Ambulance controlling traffic signals Vehicle speed control Access control for security Traffic monitoring and control Remote parameter setting for equipment
- 17. Data - Some devices have it; other devices or people want to use it Existence of State and the Need for Data 17@smpalli Data Provider Data Users Thing State User 1 Data User 3 Data User 2 Data
- 18. How does the User get the Data? 18@smpalli Data Providers Data Users
- 19. Data Providers Data Users Bridging Data Providers and Users 19@smpalli
- 20. Everything has state State is represented using attributes State is transitioned into data from owner to users Many users will have same data for different purpose The Internet connects the data users to the owners It can scale to provide connectivity for trillions of devices Thing State User Data Key Takeaways 20 Internet @smpalli
- 21. The Internet The pervasive driver of change and improvement in our history @smpalli 21
- 22. The Internet @smpalli 22 A mechanism for information dissemination A medium for collaboration and interaction
- 23. • Packet Switching • ARPANET • TCP/IP • NCP • TCP • First Gateway • World Wide Web• Time Sharing • Remote login • File transfer • (Hot) Email • Broadband • Social Networking • SNMP • IPSec • DNS • IPv4 • IPv6 • 6LoWPAN • IoT • VoIP 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 • ARPANET moved to TCP/IP • Blog • IP Encryption • IP Mobility History of the Internet @smpalli 23
- 25. Protocol Layers and Packet Delivery 25 PHY MAC NET PHY MAC NET TRANS APP PHY MAC NET PHY MAC NET PHY MAC NET PHY MAC NET TRANS APP Host 1 Router 2 Router 3 Router 1 Default Gateway 1 Router 4 Host 2 Source Default Gateway 2 Destination 1 2
- 26. The Internet Evolution @smpalli 26 Internet of Things Social Networking Web 11.8B 500M2003 6.3B 2014 7.2B 2020 7.6B * based on Morgan Stanely 75B* World Population Connected Devices
- 27. Internet Core Million nodes Routers, Servers Internet Fringe Billion nodes Computers, mobiles Internet of Things Trillion nodes Sensors, Objects Key Takeaways 27@smpalli
- 28. 28 Internet of Things The next BIG thing on the Planet Earth! @smpalli
- 29. Alfred North Whitehead (1861 – 1947) Civilization advances by extending the number of important operations which we can perform without thinking about them. Introduction to Mathematics (1911) 29@smpalli
- 31. Irrigation - with the Internet 31 Comfort Internet @smpalli
- 32. Irrigation - with IoT 32 Intelligence @smpalli Internet
- 33. Irrigation - IoT allows Innovation 33 Smart @smpalli Internet
- 34. Self-organizing network of objects/things Internet as the major communication medium Exchanging information between them and people Helps in smart decision- making by harnessing the data Internet of Things - the Definition 34 Internet @smpalli
- 35. Aging Population Requires better care Limited Resources Requires conservation Govt. Initiatives Better citizen services Innovation New business models Safety & Security Better living standards Lifestyle Convenience Information Generation Measurements and tracking 35 Real-time Information Better decision making
- 36. Smart Grid Smart Cities Smart Environment Safety and Security Smart Retail Smart Logistics Smart Farming Industrial Control Customer Service Smart Homes eHealthcare Smart Water IoT Applications 36@smpalli
- 39. Smart Environment 39 Forest Fire Detection Air Pollution Monitoring EMF Level Detection Landslide and Avalanche Detection Snow Level Monitoring Earthquake Early Detection @smpalli
- 40. Safety, Security and Emergencies 40 Access Control Leakage Detection Explosive and Hazardous Gases Radiation Levels @smpalli
- 42. Smart Retail 42 Supply Chain Control NFC Payments Intelligent Shopping Smart Product Management @smpalli
- 43. Smart Logistics 43 Quality of Shipment Item Location Tracking Warehouse Monitoring Fleet Tracking @smpalli
- 44. Industrial Control & Automation 44 Visible FactorySmart Assembly Plant Alarms Item Tracking @smpalli
- 47. eHealthcare 47 Fall Detection Patient Monitoring Sportsman Care UV Radiation Detection Women & Child Care @smpalli
- 48. Best Experience Time No Experience Walk-in Telephone 1-800 Internet Web, Chat Real-time IoT Proactive, Preventive, Future The Future of Customer Service 48@smpalli
- 49. 1:1 1:N N:1 Time Server Computing Personal Computing Pervasive Computing IoT is Pervasive Computing! 49@smpalli
- 50. 50 Internet of Things will have direct implications on the physical world Optimal living Future for the next generations Economic development Job creation Improved living standards Empowers people New business opportunities
- 51. Key Takeaway 51@smpalli IoT advances civilization
- 52. 52 Designing and Innovating IoT Applications A scalable approach for designing the IoT based applications @smpalli
- 53. Access Technologies for IoT 53 Parameter IEEE 802.15.4 WiFi BLE Frequency Band 868, 915MHz 2.4GHz 2.4, 5.0 GHz 2.4GHz Topology Start, Mesh Star Star Range 100m-3Km 250m 100m Data Rate 250KBps 600Mbps 1Mbps Power Battery, Mains, Hybrid Mains Battery Applications Industrial, outdoors Residential and office environment Residential and personal Internetworking 6lowpan IPv6 Under development
- 54. Low Cost Physical Constraints Lossy LinksLow Power Low BoM Less Code Low Range Low Data Small Footprint Self Healing Minimal or no UI 'Things' - Design Considerations 54@smpalli
- 55. Design for sleep Receiving is expensive Time is energy - transmit quick Define the state model Define a set of services Size is cost: Button cell > AAA > AA > MainsSensors Inputs Outputs Battery SoC Designing the Things 55@smpalli
- 56. Temperature Sensor Measures Temperature Reports the temperature every minute Assumptions: Transaction duration: 3ms Current consumption, avg: 30mA No. of transactions: 60 per hour CR2032: ~Typical capacity 225 mAh = 810,000,000 mAms No. of transactions: 810,000,000 / (30 x 3) = 9,000,000 No. of transactions per day: 60 x 24 = 1,440 Duration of the battery: 9,000,000 / 1,440 = 6,250 days = 17.12 years Assuming 30% overhead, the button cell would last for ~12 years. How Long a Button Cell would last? 56@smpalli
- 57. A temperature service A time service No bleeding between users or services Autonomous Services 57 Client behavior need not be defined Client use case determines the use of a service Allows innovation in client implementation Server Clients Device Services User 1 Attributes User 2 User 3 @smpalli
- 58. Use case 1: Switching AC ON Use case 2: Scheduled light ON/OFF Use case defines how to use the services exposed by the devices Light Service Client Time Service Temp. Service AC Service Use Case 58@smpalli
- 59. Autonomous Services - Innovation @smpalli 59 100 Services = 1 267 650 600 228 229 401 496 703 205 375 Use cases 200 Services = more than the number of atoms on the Earth Autonomous services allow Unlimited Innovation n Services = ((2^n) – 1) possible Use cases
- 60. Building Context 60 Chairs occupied Table Interactions Other inputs Door Closed Projector ON No movement Time Other inputs Lights OFF Bed Occupied Meeting is in progress Context Person is sleeping Context @smpalli
- 61. App Deployment - PAN 61 Personal Area IoT Networks @smpalli
- 62. Large scale/metro area IoT networks Deployment in Metro Areas 62@smpalli
- 63. Key Takeaway 63 Application Use Cases Services State Attribute 1 Attribute 2 … Attribute n @smpalli
- 64. Be Courageous @smpalli 64 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (1931 – 2015) “My message, especially to young people is to have courage to think differently, courage to invent, to travel the unexplored path, courage to discover the impossible and to conquer the problems and succeed. ...”
- 65. Thank You! smadanapalli@gmail.com @smpalli This talk was delivered to students at Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum, Bangalore on Sep 15th 2015, the Engineer’s Day in India.