Set lecture 1 (latex)
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This document outlines the key topics to be covered in a course on sustainable energy technology, including: - Energy basics, units, and terms as well as the relationship between energy, technology, and sustainability. Renewable energy sources and sustainability are discussed. - Planetary energy balance, utilization rates, and resources. Global trends in energy use and GDP are examined, showing energy use typically grows with economic development. - Issues like uneven energy distribution globally, resource availability/scarcity, and the impact of fossil fuel usage on climate change via increased CO2 emissions are reviewed.
Set lecture 1 (latex)
- 1. Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) Chapter 1- Generalities School of Chemical and Bio Engineering November 6, 2014 School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 1 / 23
- 2. Outline 1 Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Energy Units, Terms and Abbreviations Electricity Generation and Storage 2 Planetary Energy Balance 3 Energy Utilization Rate 4 Planetary Energy Resources ABC School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 2 / 23
- 3. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Energy It is the ability to bring about change or to do work and the study of energy is thermodynamics. School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 3 / 23
- 4. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Energy It is the ability to bring about change or to do work and the study of energy is thermodynamics. First law thermodynamics: the conservation of energy School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 3 / 23
- 5. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Energy It is the ability to bring about change or to do work and the study of energy is thermodynamics. First law thermodynamics: the conservation of energy Second law of thermodynamics: in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state What can we say about the energy before and after life? State the types and some examples of energy. School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 3 / 23
- 6. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Energy consumed or utilized? School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 4 / 23
- 7. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Sustainability The word is often bantered about with little thought to its concrete connotation. School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 5 / 23
- 8. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Sustainability The word is often bantered about with little thought to its concrete connotation. Sustainable energy solutions must consider the earth and its inhabitants. School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 5 / 23
- 9. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Sustainability The word is often bantered about with little thought to its concrete connotation. Sustainable energy solutions must consider the earth and its inhabitants. Sustainable energy is the sustainable provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable energy is replenishable within a human lifetime and causes no long-term damage to the environment. School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 5 / 23
- 10. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Sustainability The word is often bantered about with little thought to its concrete connotation. Sustainable energy solutions must consider the earth and its inhabitants. Sustainable energy is the sustainable provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable energy is replenishable within a human lifetime and causes no long-term damage to the environment. Technologies that promote sustainable energy include renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectricity, solar energy, wind energy, wave power, geothermal energy, and tidal power, and also technologies designed to improve energy efficiency. School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 5 / 23
- 11. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Key Benefits of Sustainable Energy Environmental: it can avoid and reduce air emissions as well as water consumption, waste, noise and adverse land use impacts School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 6 / 23
- 12. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Key Benefits of Sustainable Energy Environmental: it can avoid and reduce air emissions as well as water consumption, waste, noise and adverse land use impacts Energy for future generations: Renewables avoid the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and will empower future generations to deal with the environmental impact over-dependence on fossil fuels School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 6 / 23
- 13. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Key Benefits of Sustainable Energy Environmental: it can avoid and reduce air emissions as well as water consumption, waste, noise and adverse land use impacts Energy for future generations: Renewables avoid the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and will empower future generations to deal with the environmental impact over-dependence on fossil fuels Energy security lessons our dependence on fossil and imported fuels. School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 6 / 23
- 14. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Aspects of renewable energy It exists perpetually and in abundance in the environment School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 7 / 23
- 15. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Aspects of renewable energy It exists perpetually and in abundance in the environment Ready to be harnessed, inexhaustible School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 7 / 23
- 16. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Aspects of renewable energy It exists perpetually and in abundance in the environment Ready to be harnessed, inexhaustible It is a clean alternative to fossil fuels School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 7 / 23
- 17. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Carrying Capacity Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals (humans, for example) that can be sustained indefinitely by an ecosystem without causing irreparable damage. School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 8 / 23
- 18. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Carrying Capacity Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals (humans, for example) that can be sustained indefinitely by an ecosystem without causing irreparable damage. One way to gauge Earths carrying capacity and our impact on our ecosystem is to look at our ecological footprint, a measure of our demands on nature. School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 8 / 23
- 19. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Humanities Ecological Footprint Source: Chemistry of Sustainable Energy www.earth-policy.org School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 9 / 23
- 20. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Carbon Cycle School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 10 / 23
- 21. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Resource Availability Cost versus availability of materials important in the solar photovoltaic industrySchool of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 11 / 23
- 22. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Resource Availability Critical or near-critical elements: Lanthanum, Neodymium, Dysprosium, Platinium School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 12 / 23
- 23. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Resource Availability Critical or near-critical elements: Lanthanum, Neodymium, Dysprosium, Platinium Endangered: ruthenium, osmium, iridium, silver, etc Products must be designed with recovery in mind! School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 12 / 23
- 24. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Resource Availability Critical or near-critical elements: Lanthanum, Neodymium, Dysprosium, Platinium Endangered: ruthenium, osmium, iridium, silver, etc Products must be designed with recovery in mind! Unsustainably used: Phosphorus-Recycling or recovery of waste phosphorus is currently limited at best, and large amounts of phosphorus are lost in runoff from agricultural fields, contributing to eutrification in reservoirs and the infamous dead zone of the Gulf of Mexico School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 12 / 23
- 25. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Resource Availability Critical or near-critical elements: Lanthanum, Neodymium, Dysprosium, Platinium Endangered: ruthenium, osmium, iridium, silver, etc Products must be designed with recovery in mind! Unsustainably used: Phosphorus-Recycling or recovery of waste phosphorus is currently limited at best, and large amounts of phosphorus are lost in runoff from agricultural fields, contributing to eutrification in reservoirs and the infamous dead zone of the Gulf of Mexico Limited and dwindling availability: fossil fuel contributed to climate change School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 12 / 23
- 26. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability Resource Availability Critical or near-critical elements: Lanthanum, Neodymium, Dysprosium, Platinium Endangered: ruthenium, osmium, iridium, silver, etc Products must be designed with recovery in mind! Unsustainably used: Phosphorus-Recycling or recovery of waste phosphorus is currently limited at best, and large amounts of phosphorus are lost in runoff from agricultural fields, contributing to eutrification in reservoirs and the infamous dead zone of the Gulf of Mexico Limited and dwindling availability: fossil fuel contributed to climate change The new Oil- water School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 12 / 23
- 27. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability The Inconvenient Truth Once Vice President of the USA, Algor had this documentary on Global Warming and Climate Change School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 13 / 23
- 28. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability The Inconvenient Truth Once Vice President of the USA, Algor had this documentary on Global Warming and Climate Change Please find this movie and write a one page review of the message in this film. School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 13 / 23
- 29. Energy Basics Energy, Technology and Sustanability CO2 Emissions and GDP per capita 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 GDP per capita (PPP, $1995) CO2 emissions per capita (tCO2) School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 14 / 23
- 30. Energy Basics Energy Units, Terms and Abbreviations Units and Contants When the energy content of a fuel is reported on a per mass or per volume basis, it is often referred to as the materials energy value. Energy value comes in two forms: the lower heating value (LHV; also known as net calorific value) and higher heating value (HHV or gross calorific value) HHV: School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 15 / 23
- 31. Energy Basics Energy Units, Terms and Abbreviations Units and Contants When the energy content of a fuel is reported on a per mass or per volume basis, it is often referred to as the materials energy value. Energy value comes in two forms: the lower heating value (LHV; also known as net calorific value) and higher heating value (HHV or gross calorific value) HHV: LHV: School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 15 / 23
- 32. Energy Basics Energy Units, Terms and Abbreviations Most common energy units School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 16 / 23
- 33. Planetary Energy Balance The reality of stable global temperature School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 17 / 23
- 34. Energy Utilization Rate The increasing trend in energy utilization is unavoidable School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 18 / 23
- 35. Energy Utilization Rate Energy Use Grows with Economic Development 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 GDP per capita (PPP, $1995) Primary Energy per capita (GJ) School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 19 / 23
- 36. Energy Utilization Rate Uneven distribution of energy utilization School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 20 / 23
- 37. Energy Utilization Rate Energy Use Grows with Economic Development School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 21 / 23
- 38. Planetary Energy Resources Energy Resources of the Earth School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 22 / 23
- 39. Planetary Energy Resources ABC Continues... School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Sustainable Energy Technology (ChEg 5193) November 6, 2014 23 / 23