Core Web Vitals are crucial for website owners to improve search rankings as introduced by Google in May 2020, with metrics including Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), First Input Delay (FID), and Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS). Various tools like Chrome User Experience Report, Search Console, and PageSpeed Insights can measure these vitals, while optimization tips such as using CDN caching, lazy loading images, and compressing assets can enhance performance. Implementing these strategies effectively can improve core web vitals scores and boost overall user experience, taking about 28 days to reflect improvements.