Grammar book
1)Nationalities
2)Stem changers
3)Para
4)IOPS
5) Pronoun placement
6)Gustar
7) Affirmative and negative words
8)Superlatives
9) Reflexives
10)Affirmative tú commands / irregulars/pronoun placement
11) Negative tú commands /irregualrs/pronoun placement
12) Sequencing events
Grammar book
Dormir o >ue         Pensar e> ie
 duermo duermes       pienso piensas
duerme dormemos      piensa pensamos
    duermen              piensan


   Jugar u> ue          Pedir e>I
juego juegas juega   pido pides pide
  jugamos juegan     pedimos piden
Use Para to    •El regalo para tu
indicate the     mamá
 recipient of
    items

               •Vamos al
The purpose is
   implied
                restaurante
                para comer
Me
  To whom                                                  Nos
                                 Te
For whom                                                   Les
                                 Le


               Doy flores
           Le doy las flores a        Le las doy= se las
              mi maestra                     doy
4)Place the
pronoun
before a
              1)Attach the pronoun to
conjugated
verb
              the infinitive
              2)Attach the pronoun to
              a progressive tense
              3)Attach the pronoun to
              an affirmative command
singular                 plural

 Me gusta   nos gusta     Me gustan    nos gustan

 Te gusta    os gusta     Te gustan    os gustan

 Le gusta    les gusta    Le gustan   les gustan
•Algo = something


Affirmative
              •Alguien = someone
              •Algún/alguno = some
              •Siempre = always
              •También = also


              •Nada = nothing


 Negative
              •Nadie = no one
              •Ningún/ninguno = none, not any
              •Nunca = never
              •Tampoco = neither , either




examples      •Algo de tomar? ( affirmative)
              •Por ahora nada más ( negative)
The suffix –ísmo , -ísimos , - ísima, - ísimas are added to adjectives and
adverbs
It is equivalent to extremely or very befroe an adjective or adverb




Malo> malísimo
Muchas > muchísimas
Dificil > difílisimo


Adjust advs ending in c, g or z change spelling to qu, gu, and c respectively
Rico> riquísimo
Larga> larguísima
Feliz >felícismo
Adjs that end in N or R form by adding císimo
Joven> jovencísimo
Trabajador> trabadorcísimo
1) In the reflexive construction the subject is also
                     the object
 2) A person does as well as recieves the action



3)The subject the pronoun and the verb are all in
                  the same fun



Examples: Yo me levanto a las ocho de la mañana
          Ella se despierta muy temprano
        Nosotros nos acostamos muy tarde
Affirmative tu                       Pronoun
                       irregulars
   commands                           placement
• Drop the “s”     • Decir – de     • Infinitive
• Ar > e           • Hacer- haz     • Gerund
• Er, ir >a        • Ir – ve        • Before
                   • Poner – pon      conjugate verb
                   • Salir – sal    • Affirmative
                   • Ser – sé         command
                   • Tener – ten    • Ex : comela!
                                      Tocala!
                   • Venir - ven
Negative tu                                Pronoun
                      irregulars
 commands                                  placement
• Put in Yo form   • Dar/Decir – no      • Infinitive
  change vowel       des/digas           • Gerund
  add “s”          • Ir – no vayas       • Before conjugate
                   • Ser – no seas         verb
• Ar- e
                   • Hacer – no hagas    • affirmative
• Er/ir - a        • Estar – no estés      command
                   • Saber- sepas        • Ex: no la comas !
                   • Tener – no tengas     no la toques!
                   • Venir – no vengas
Por la
  Primero- first     Por fin - finally   mañana/tarde/noche-
                                           in/ during the …


                                           Los lunes, Martes
                                            ,Miercoles – on
Entonces – then    Antes de - before           Monday,
                                               Tuesdays,
                                             Wednesdays


                                             Los Jueves y
Luego/ despúes -                             Viernes – on
                   Despúes de - after
     after                                  Thursdays and
                                                Fridays

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Grammar book

  • 2. 1)Nationalities 2)Stem changers 3)Para 4)IOPS 5) Pronoun placement 6)Gustar 7) Affirmative and negative words 8)Superlatives 9) Reflexives 10)Affirmative tú commands / irregulars/pronoun placement 11) Negative tú commands /irregualrs/pronoun placement 12) Sequencing events
  • 4. Dormir o >ue Pensar e> ie duermo duermes pienso piensas duerme dormemos piensa pensamos duermen piensan Jugar u> ue Pedir e>I juego juegas juega pido pides pide jugamos juegan pedimos piden
  • 5. Use Para to •El regalo para tu indicate the mamá recipient of items •Vamos al The purpose is implied restaurante para comer
  • 6. Me To whom Nos Te For whom Les Le Doy flores Le doy las flores a Le las doy= se las mi maestra doy
  • 7. 4)Place the pronoun before a 1)Attach the pronoun to conjugated verb the infinitive 2)Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense 3)Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
  • 8. singular plural Me gusta nos gusta Me gustan nos gustan Te gusta os gusta Te gustan os gustan Le gusta les gusta Le gustan les gustan
  • 9. •Algo = something Affirmative •Alguien = someone •Algún/alguno = some •Siempre = always •También = also •Nada = nothing Negative •Nadie = no one •Ningún/ninguno = none, not any •Nunca = never •Tampoco = neither , either examples •Algo de tomar? ( affirmative) •Por ahora nada más ( negative)
  • 10. The suffix –ísmo , -ísimos , - ísima, - ísimas are added to adjectives and adverbs It is equivalent to extremely or very befroe an adjective or adverb Malo> malísimo Muchas > muchísimas Dificil > difílisimo Adjust advs ending in c, g or z change spelling to qu, gu, and c respectively Rico> riquísimo Larga> larguísima Feliz >felícismo Adjs that end in N or R form by adding císimo Joven> jovencísimo Trabajador> trabadorcísimo
  • 11. 1) In the reflexive construction the subject is also the object 2) A person does as well as recieves the action 3)The subject the pronoun and the verb are all in the same fun Examples: Yo me levanto a las ocho de la mañana Ella se despierta muy temprano Nosotros nos acostamos muy tarde
  • 12. Affirmative tu Pronoun irregulars commands placement • Drop the “s” • Decir – de • Infinitive • Ar > e • Hacer- haz • Gerund • Er, ir >a • Ir – ve • Before • Poner – pon conjugate verb • Salir – sal • Affirmative • Ser – sé command • Tener – ten • Ex : comela! Tocala! • Venir - ven
  • 13. Negative tu Pronoun irregulars commands placement • Put in Yo form • Dar/Decir – no • Infinitive change vowel des/digas • Gerund add “s” • Ir – no vayas • Before conjugate • Ser – no seas verb • Ar- e • Hacer – no hagas • affirmative • Er/ir - a • Estar – no estés command • Saber- sepas • Ex: no la comas ! • Tener – no tengas no la toques! • Venir – no vengas
  • 14. Por la Primero- first Por fin - finally mañana/tarde/noche- in/ during the … Los lunes, Martes ,Miercoles – on Entonces – then Antes de - before Monday, Tuesdays, Wednesdays Los Jueves y Luego/ despúes - Viernes – on Despúes de - after after Thursdays and Fridays