Grammar
Book 2012
  Tiana Dawson
Table of Contents
1.    Nationalities
2.    Stem Changing
3.    Para
4.    Object Pronoun Placement
5.    IOP
6.    Gustar
7.    Affirmative & Negative Words
8.    Superlatives
9.    Reflexives
10.   Affirmative tu commands+irregular+pronoun placement
11.   Negative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement
12.   Sequencing events
Grammar book 2012
Stem Changing Verbs
         • Servir: to serve
          • yo: sirvo    tú: sirves         él, ella, usted: sirve
E-I       • nosotros: servimos              ellos, ellas, ustedes: sirven


         • Pensar: to think
         • yo: pieno     tú: pienas        él, ella, usted: piena
E - IE   • nosotros: penamos     ellos, ellas, ustedes: pienan


         • Dormir: to sleep
         • Yo: duermo     tú: duermes       él, ella, usted: duerme
O - UE • Nosotros: dormimos ellos, ellas, ustedes: duermen


         • Jugar: to play
         • Yo: juego     tú: juegas        él, ella, usted: juega
U-UE     • Nosotros: jugamos     ellos, ellas, ustedes: juegan
Para
• To inticate the recipents of items
• To time phrases in a certain time frame
• Purposes:
  –   Comparison
  –   Destination
  –   Intended for
  –   In order to
  –   For
• Examples:
  – Vamos al resturante para comer.
Pronoun Placement
1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
2. Attach the pronoun to the progressive tense
3. Attach the pronoun to an affirmative
   command
4. Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb
5. Examples:
   Tiana baila en el estudio.
   Te duermes.
IOP
                                      Yo me escribi una carta a mis
                                       tios
     me           nos                 ¿No te gustan a ti las papas
                                       fritas?
                                      Daniel le compró un regalo a
      te                               Cristina.
                                      A nosotros no nos interesa el
                                       tenis.
     le            les                Sergio les dio la invitación a
                                       ellas.
 PLACEMENT:
     When the pronoun accompanies a conjugated verb the pronoun comes
      before the verb.
     But when the pronoun accompanies the sentence with an infinitive, it can
      either go before the conjugated verb or be attached to the end of an
      infinitive.
Gustar
                                      RULES:
   Me                Nos              Never use gusto or gustamos
 Me gusta            Nos               ONLY gusta, gustan, or gustas
                    gustan               (if you are saying you like someone)
    Te                                Gusta id dependent of what is
 Te gusta                              being like or “gustared”
                                      No is always in front of gusta
    Le              Les                and the pronoun
 Le gusta           Les
 Examples:        gustan
      Me gusta hablar español. (infinative)
      Me gustan los boligrafos. (plural)
      Me gusta el boligrafo. (singular)
      Me gustan las enchiladas.
                          matches plural noun
Affirmative and Negative Words

  Affirmative                  Negative
• algo: something          • nada: nothing
• alguien: someone         • nadie: no one
• algún/ alguno(a): some   • ningún/ ninguno(a):
• siempre: always            none, not any
• también: also            • nunca: never
                           • tampoco: neither, either
Superlatives
To express extremes with most adjectives:
   Drop the final vowel at the ending
   Add ísimo(a)
   Adjective must agree with gender and number with
    that noun it modifies
        c > qu     rico(a)   riquísimo(a)

        g > gu    largo(a)   larguísimo(a)

         z>c        feliz    felicísimo(a)
Reflexives
• Describe people doing things for themselves
  – Brushing one’s teeth or combing one’s hair
• Reflexive pronouns are used with reflexive
  verbs to indicate that the person of the
  sentence receives the action of the verb

                        Me lavo     Nos lavamos
  lavarse
  to wash oneself       Te lavas

                        Se lava        se lavan
Affirmative tú commands + irregular +
         pronoun placement

    Infinative                           Affirmative Tú
    • decir                               Commands
    • hacer                        •   dí
    • ir                           •   haz
    • poner
                                   •   ve
    • salir
    • ser                          •   pon
    • tener                        •   sal
    • venir                        •   sé
                                   •   ten
                                   •   ven



  • Drop “S”
  • You can attach DOP to the ending
  • Example: ¡Camelo!
Negative tu commands + irregular +
        pronoun placement

Infinative                                  Affirmative Tú
• Tener                                      Commands
• Venir                          •   No tengas
• Dar/ decir                     •   No vengas
• Ir                             •   No des/ digas
• Ser                            •   No vayas
                                 •   No seas
• Hacer
                                 •   No hagas
• Estar                          •   No estés
• Saber                          •   No sepas




 •   Put in “yo” form
 •   Change to opposite vowel                  Examples: no pongas
 •   Add an “S”
 •   ar > e         er, ir > a
Sequencing events

Primero               Entonces                Luego/ después            Por fin
 first                 then                     Later/ after             finally




  Los lunes, etc.
                         Por la mañana/ tarde/ noche           antes de/ después de
   On Mondays.
                              In the …/ during the …            before/ afterwards
       Etc.

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Grammar book 2012

  • 1. Grammar Book 2012 Tiana Dawson
  • 2. Table of Contents 1. Nationalities 2. Stem Changing 3. Para 4. Object Pronoun Placement 5. IOP 6. Gustar 7. Affirmative & Negative Words 8. Superlatives 9. Reflexives 10. Affirmative tu commands+irregular+pronoun placement 11. Negative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement 12. Sequencing events
  • 4. Stem Changing Verbs • Servir: to serve • yo: sirvo tú: sirves él, ella, usted: sirve E-I • nosotros: servimos ellos, ellas, ustedes: sirven • Pensar: to think • yo: pieno tú: pienas él, ella, usted: piena E - IE • nosotros: penamos ellos, ellas, ustedes: pienan • Dormir: to sleep • Yo: duermo tú: duermes él, ella, usted: duerme O - UE • Nosotros: dormimos ellos, ellas, ustedes: duermen • Jugar: to play • Yo: juego tú: juegas él, ella, usted: juega U-UE • Nosotros: jugamos ellos, ellas, ustedes: juegan
  • 5. Para • To inticate the recipents of items • To time phrases in a certain time frame • Purposes: – Comparison – Destination – Intended for – In order to – For • Examples: – Vamos al resturante para comer.
  • 6. Pronoun Placement 1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive 2. Attach the pronoun to the progressive tense 3. Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command 4. Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb 5. Examples:  Tiana baila en el estudio.  Te duermes.
  • 7. IOP  Yo me escribi una carta a mis tios me nos  ¿No te gustan a ti las papas fritas?  Daniel le compró un regalo a te Cristina.  A nosotros no nos interesa el tenis. le les  Sergio les dio la invitación a ellas.  PLACEMENT:  When the pronoun accompanies a conjugated verb the pronoun comes before the verb.  But when the pronoun accompanies the sentence with an infinitive, it can either go before the conjugated verb or be attached to the end of an infinitive.
  • 8. Gustar  RULES: Me Nos  Never use gusto or gustamos Me gusta Nos ONLY gusta, gustan, or gustas gustan (if you are saying you like someone) Te  Gusta id dependent of what is Te gusta being like or “gustared”  No is always in front of gusta Le Les and the pronoun Le gusta Les  Examples: gustan  Me gusta hablar español. (infinative)  Me gustan los boligrafos. (plural)  Me gusta el boligrafo. (singular)  Me gustan las enchiladas. matches plural noun
  • 9. Affirmative and Negative Words Affirmative Negative • algo: something • nada: nothing • alguien: someone • nadie: no one • algún/ alguno(a): some • ningún/ ninguno(a): • siempre: always none, not any • también: also • nunca: never • tampoco: neither, either
  • 10. Superlatives To express extremes with most adjectives:  Drop the final vowel at the ending  Add ísimo(a)  Adjective must agree with gender and number with that noun it modifies c > qu rico(a) riquísimo(a) g > gu largo(a) larguísimo(a) z>c feliz felicísimo(a)
  • 11. Reflexives • Describe people doing things for themselves – Brushing one’s teeth or combing one’s hair • Reflexive pronouns are used with reflexive verbs to indicate that the person of the sentence receives the action of the verb Me lavo Nos lavamos lavarse to wash oneself Te lavas Se lava se lavan
  • 12. Affirmative tú commands + irregular + pronoun placement Infinative Affirmative Tú • decir Commands • hacer • dí • ir • haz • poner • ve • salir • ser • pon • tener • sal • venir • sé • ten • ven • Drop “S” • You can attach DOP to the ending • Example: ¡Camelo!
  • 13. Negative tu commands + irregular + pronoun placement Infinative Affirmative Tú • Tener Commands • Venir • No tengas • Dar/ decir • No vengas • Ir • No des/ digas • Ser • No vayas • No seas • Hacer • No hagas • Estar • No estés • Saber • No sepas • Put in “yo” form • Change to opposite vowel Examples: no pongas • Add an “S” • ar > e er, ir > a
  • 14. Sequencing events Primero Entonces Luego/ después Por fin first then Later/ after finally Los lunes, etc. Por la mañana/ tarde/ noche antes de/ después de On Mondays. In the …/ during the … before/ afterwards Etc.