Genes and inheritance
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The document discusses genes, DNA, RNA, heredity, and reproduction. It defines a gene as the unit of heredity that contains DNA instructions for an organism's traits. DNA encodes genetic instructions and is made up of nucleic acids alongside proteins and carbohydrates. RNA also contains genetic codes and has various biological roles. Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction. The two types of reproduction are sexual, which combines genetic material from two parents, and asexual, which involves one parent. Genes hold the codes to build and maintain organisms and are passed down through reproduction.
Genes and inheritance
- 2. What is a gene?
- 3. A gene is the molecular unit of heredity of a living organism The word gene is derived from the Greek word genesis meaning "birth", or genos meaning "origin"
- 4. What is a DNA?
- 5. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses
- 6. DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life.
- 7. What is a RNA?
- 8. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule. It is implicated in a varied sort of biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes
- 9. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains.
- 10. Genes hold the information to build and maintain an organism's cells and pass genetic traits to offspring What do the genes do?
- 11. All organisms have genes corresponding to various biological traits, some of which are instantly visible, such as eye color or number of limbs, and some of which are not, such as blood type, increased risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.
- 12. The existence of genes was first implied from the work of Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), who, between the years of 1857 to 1864 planted 8000 common edible pea plants and studied and tabulated the inheritance patterns in pea plants (Pisum) tracking inheritance of traits from parent to offspring and describing these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas.
- 14. Heredity is the passing of phenotypic traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction.
- 16. Reproduction (or procreation) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents". Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction.
- 17. What are the types of reproduction?
- 18. There are two types of reproduction sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
- 19. What is asexual reproduction?
- 20. Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it is reproduction which almost never involves ploidy or reduction.
- 22. Sexual reproduction is a biological process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms in a process that starts with meiosis, a specialized type of cell division. Sexual reproduction is the primary method of reproduction for the vast majority of macroscopic organisms, including almost all animals and plants
- 23. Explain heredity? Heredity is the passing of phenotypic traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction.
- 24. This is the process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires or becomes predisposed to the characteristics of its parent cell or organism.
- 25. In humans, eye color is an example of an inherited characteristic: an individual might inherit the "brown-eye trait" from one of the parents.
- 26. The complete set of observable traits of the structure and behavior of an organism is called its phenotype. What is phenotype?
- 27. These traits arise from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
- 29. As a result, many aspects of an organism's phenotype are not inherited. For example, suntanned skin comes from the interaction between a person's phenotype and sunlight; thus, suntans are not passed on to people's children
- 30. Albinism in humans is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes due to absence or defect of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme involved in the production of melanin.
- 31. Heritable traits are known to be passed from one generation to the next via DNA, a molecule that encodes genetic information.
- 32. DNA is a long polymer that incorporates four types of bases, which are interchangeable. The sequence of bases along a particular DNA molecule specifies the genetic information: this is comparable to a sequence of letters spelling out a passage of text. Before a cell divides through mitosis, the DNA is copied, so that each of the resulting two cells will inherit the DNA sequence.
- 33. A portion of a DNA molecule that specifies a single functional unit is called a gene; different genes have different sequences of bases. Within cells, the long strands of DNA form condensed structures called chromosomes
- 34. Organisms inherit genetic material from their parents in the form of homologous chromosomes, containing a unique combination of DNA sequences that code for genes
- 36. Genes and Inheritance For feedback