Hardware and software
- 1. Presentation on Hardware and Software
- 3. Hardware Components Input and output devices Central processing unit (CPU) Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU): performs calculations and makes logical comparisons Control unit: accesses, decodes and coordinates data in CPU and other devices Primary memory: holds program instructions and data for processing Secondary storage: more permanent storage
- 4. Hardware Components Figure 2.1: Hardware Components
- 5. Input Devices Personal computer input devices Keyboard, mouse Speech-recognition technology Input devices that recognize human speech Digital cameras Input device used with PC to record/store images in digital form Touch-sensitive screens Allow display screens to act as input devices as well as output devices Bar-code scanners Employs a laser scanner to read a bar-coded label In computing, an input device is a piece of computer hardwareIn computing, an input device is a piece of computer hardware used to provide data to the computerused to provide data to the computer
- 6. Input devices Scanner Touch padTouch pad mousemouse microphonemicrophone keyboardkeyboard
- 7. Output Devices Display monitors (CRTs) Output quality measured by number of pixels and dot pitch Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) Easier on eyes, use less electricity, take up less space than CRTs Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) Directly emits light rather than using backlight Sharper colors and thinner displays Printers and plotters: hard copy output Printers: laser, inkjet Plotters: used for general design work Digital audio player Stores, organizes, and plays digital music files AnAn output deviceoutput device is anyis any devicedevice used to sendused to send data from a computer to anotherdata from a computer to another devicedevice oror user.user.
- 9. CPU (central processing unit) Physical characteristics of the CPU Digital circuits on chips To turn a digital circuit on or off, electrical current flows through silicon
- 10. storage Random access memory (RAM) Temporary Volatile Read-only memory (ROM) Usually nonvolatile Primary storagePrimary storage SecondarySecondary storagestorage
- 11. Secondary Storage Secondary storage Also called permanent storage Nonvolatile Greater capacity and greater economy than memory
- 12. Secondary Storage Devices Magnetic tapes Secondary storage used primarily for backups Magnetic disks Direct access secondary storage, e.g., hard disk Optical disks Direct access optical disc, e.g., CD-ROM Flash memory Nonvolatile silicon computer chip
- 13. Overview of Software Systems software: coordinates the activities of hardware and programs Application software: helps users solve particular problems
- 14. Systems Software Controlling operations of computer hardware is one of the most critical functions of systems software Also supports application programs’ problem-solving capabilities Different types of systems software include: Operating systems Utility programs
- 15. Operating Systems The Role of Systems Software
- 16. Operating Systems Figure 2.9: Application Program Interface Links Application Software to the Operating System
- 17. Processing tasks Multitasking: more than one program running at the same time Time-sharing: more than one person using a computer system at the same time Networking capability: aids users in connecting to a computer network Operating Systems
- 18. Thank you By Vandana PathakVandana Pathak