Total Physical Respose Method
- 1. TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE BY: AREEBA AFTAB
- 2. What is TPR? • A language teaching technique built around the coordination of speech and action; it attempts to teach language through physical (motor) activity. • In TPR, instructors give commands to students in the target language, and students respond with whole-body actions. • It can be used alongside other methods and techniques while learning a second language. • It is popular with beginners and with young learners, although it can be used with students of all levels.
- 3. Background • It was developed by Dr. James Asher, a professor of psychology at San Jose State University of California. • He observed that many people have a hard time learning a second language whereas no one has any trouble while learning their first language. • This was because: Many teachers use methods that were not used while learning the first language. There is often found stress in the second language learning environment.
- 4. Comprehension Approach • TPR is offered as an example of a general approach called “comprehension approach”. • Comprehension approach places the value on the student’s understanding of the target language, and thus it emphasizes the listening skills.
- 5. Brain Lateralization • Left-hemisphere activities include: explaining, talking and analyzing. • Right-hemisphere activities include: physical movement, acting and gesturing • TPR method is oriented to right-brain learning (motor activities). • With this method, learners acquire language through movement instead of memorizing lists of vocabulary items and grammatical rules.
- 6. Stress • An important condition for successful language learning is the absence of stress. • TPR focuses on meaning interpreted through movement, rather than on language forms studied in the abstract. • The learner is said to be liberated from self-conscious and stressful situations and is able to devote full energy to learning.
- 7. Objectives 1. To teach oral proficiency at beginning level. 2. To teach basic speaking skills. 3. To teach it through the use of action- based drills in the imperative form.
- 8. Syllabus • TPR is unlike the methods that operate from a grammar-based or structural view of the core elements of language. • Total Physical Response requires initial attention to meaning rather than to the form of items. • Grammar is thus taught inductively. • Grammatical features and vocabulary items are selected not according to their frequency of need or use in target language situations, but according to the situations in which they can be used in the classroom.
- 9. . Role of Learner • Listener and Performer • Listens attentively and responds physically to commands. • Monitors and evaluates his own progress. Role of Teacher • Active and Direct Role • Decides what to teach, models and presents new materials. • Provides opportunities for learning.
- 10. Materials • For absolute beginners lessons may not require the use of materials since the teacher’s voice, actions and gestures may be sufficient. • The teacher can use basic classroom objects such as books, pens etc. • As the course develops, the teacher will need to collect new materials. These may include pictures, realia, slides, word charts.
- 11. Procedure • Teacher have to describe all the procedure in native language that how we are going to learn a new language. • Teacher tells student not to speak, just listen and imitate what that teachers do. • Teacher will call a student voluntarily and then say a word “sit down” and will sit on floor or chair ,also make a notion to student to do the same. • After one student this activity will also be repeated with whole class.
- 12. Classroom activities • Imperative drills are the major classroom activity in TPR. • Other class activities include role plays and slide presentations. • Conversational dialogues are delayed until after almost 120 hours of instruction.
- 13. Types of TPR activities • TPR-B: TPR with body. Everything that can be done with body movements. • TPR-O: TPR with objects. Sit on a table that has some objects and practice. “Show me....Give me” • TPR-P: TPR with pictures. Flashcards • TPR-S: TPR with story.
- 14. Applications of TPR • Reading : predicting skills and reading the text. • Writing : making dialogue, picturing. • Vocabulary : reality, demonstration, conversation. • Structure : reality, demonstration.
- 15. Basic principles of TPR • There must not be any stress in the class. • Regular repetition. • Action verbs are the core of TPR. • TPR is also technique of teaching vocabulary. • Create an artificial English community in the classroom. • The more often we trace memory and the more intensively we repeat, the stronger the memory associations are and the more likely it will be recalled.
- 16. Characteristics of TPR • Focusing on meaning and comprehension. • Seated in a semi-circle. • Great deal of listening and acting. • Directing a performance in which the students are actors. • Verbal response is not necessary. • Humor is easy to introduce. • Teacher always uses the target language. • Overcoming the fear of speaking.
- 17. Advantages of TPR • It is fun, easy, and memorable. • It is a good tool for building vocabulary. • It can facilitate students with the meaning in real context. • It does not require a great deal of preparation. • Help the students immediately understand the target language. • TPR is inclusive and works well a class with mixed ability levels. • Helps learners achieve fluency faster in learning language. It benefits the struggling students. • Creates positive thinking.
- 18. Disadvantages of TPR • It can be a challenge for shy students. • Overusing TPR causes someone easily bored. • Certain target languages may not be suited to this method. • It is limited, since everything cannot be explained with this method.
- 19. Conclusion • TPR is one of the teaching methods that emphasize active learning through actions. • Highly motivating. • Total involvement of teacher and student. • It is useful if used with other methods to learn a second language.
- 20. ACTIVITY
- 21. Thank You