Constructivism
- 1. BY: Shermeka , Sanricka, Stephanie, Chelsea M., Ericka, & Kaylin
- 2. • Constructivism is a type of learning in which the learner forms or constructs much of what he or she learns or comprehends • Also when a student actively participates in their learning process by using critical thinking skills to analyze a problem they will create or construct their own understanding of a topic or problem.
- 3. • Students learn best by doing. • Learning is an active process. • Knowledge is constructed, or learned, through hypothesis of the environment or personal experience. Types of Constructivism: • Cognitive constructivism is about how the individual learner understands things, in terms of developmental stages and learning styles. • Social constructivism emphasizes how meanings and understandings grow out of social encounters.
- 4. Jean Piaget Google Images Piaget has four stages of development- Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. He believed children build adaptation when learning. When they learn new things or experience them he called it assimilation. The process when children put the new information and experiences into their lives and try to make sense of their environment, he calls accommodation.
- 5. Google Images Jerome Burner Bruner came up with the theory that learning is an active process. He believes that learners are participatory learners which means they actively engaged in the learning process. His theory provides a framework for instruction based on cognition. Discovery Learning is a method of inquiry-based instruction, discovery learning believes that it is best for learners to discover facts and relationships for themselves.
- 6. Google Images Lev Vygotsky Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory is one of the foundations to Constructivism. His Social Development Theory argues that social interaction precedes development. Consciousness and cognition are the end product of socialization and social behavior.
- 7. John Dewey Google Images Dewey was an educational psychologist, philosopher, and political activist who was an advocate for child centered instruction. He believed that learning should engage and expand the experiences of other learners and encourage educators to reflect on their strategies and create activities that combine concrete and practical relevance to students; live. Dewey was apart of the progressive education movement which focused one educated the whole child, physically, mentally, and socially and nto just on the dispensation of facts of information. Dewey was also apart of the pragmatism movement and they believed that the truth of a theory could be determined only if a theory works.
- 8. • Constructed: Students come to learning situations with already formulated knowledge, ideas, and understandings. Students will integrate new experiences and interpretations to construct their own personal meaning with this previous knowledge. • Active: The student is the person who creates new understanding for her/himself. The teacher guides knowledge, but allows the students to experiment, manipulate objects, ask questions and try things that don't work. Students also help set their own goals and means of assessment. • Reflective: Teachers should create opportunities for students to question and reflect on their own learning processes, either privately or in group discussions. The teacher should also create activities that lead the student to reflect on his or her prior knowledge and experiences.
- 9. • Collaborative: The constructivist classroom relies heavily on collaboration among students because students learn about learning not only from themselves, but also from their peers. When students together review and reflect on their learning processes, they can pick up strategies and methods from one another. • Inquiry- or Problem-Based: The main activity in a constructivist classroom is solving problems. Students use inquiry methods to ask questions, investigate a topic, and use a variety of resources to find solutions and answers. • Evolving: Students have knowledge that they may later see as incorrect, or insufficient to explain new experiences. As students explore a topic or problem, they draw conclusions, and, as exploration continues, they revisit those conclusions and modify them to support new knowledge or experiences.
- 10. • Require students to form constructs that is require them to form their own meaning or interpretation of the material being studied. • The teacher facilitates a process of learning in which students are encouraged to be responsible and autonomous. Teachers model, scaffold, and coach their students to engage the students’ interest. Without technology teachers would allow students to construct, create, and inquire about the lesson. In that way they are able to actively learn new information. The teachers would encourage them to discover new information by having class discussions, where students not only learn from the teacher, but also from themselves and their peers. With technology, many doors are opened. Teachers will be able to allow their students to use the internet or educational software to learn on their own. 1. Have students work in groups instead of alone 2. Create intriguing lesson plans that motivate students to learn 3. Develop questions that guide students to coming up with their own conclusions
- 11. • Allow the learner and the teacher to detect misconceptions, errors and omissions in learning and correct these. • Without technology, students would be able to participate in experimentations, research projects, field trips, films, and class discussions to learn. In the constructivist classroom, students work primarily in groups and learning and knowledge are interactive and dynamic. These techniques are much more traditional but they serve the academic purposes well. Students must build on the knowledge they already have. The students are able to explore the curriculum on their own. Technology now aides the traditional methods of learning. Again, students would be able to do research projects but are now able to use internet sources to find what they are looking for. 1. Apply their current understandings to gain new knowledge 2. Work collaboratively with others
- 12. • Students should do research projects to reconstruct what they learn and put in into word. Also going on topic related field trips will allow the students to analyze what they learned in class in a real world scenario. • Constructivism would be and beneficial tool in the classroom because it provides students with the hands on experience that would help them better understand the lesson . Google Images