Env Chap III a.pptx
- 2. Introduction Define of Pollution Types of Pollution Water Pollution Definition of water pollution Causes of water pollution effects water pollution Measures of control
- 3. When Harmful Substances Contaminate the environment it is Called Pollution. It can be defined as any undesirable change in the physical, chemical, biological characteristics of any component of the environment which can cause harm to life and property.
- 6. Water is a precious resource and without it life is not possible on earth Water is getting polluted day by day due to excessive and careless use so the percentage of available drinking water is reducing The source of infection was cut off, the cholera epidemic diminished, and the public began to understand the importance of having clean drinking water supplies.
- 7. Until recently, water pollution was viewed primarily as a threat to human health because of the transmission of bacterial and viral waterborne diseases. In this chapter we discuss the sources of water pollution and the effect of this pollution on water
- 8. Water pollution is defined as alteration in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water which may cause harmful effects on human and aquatic life. The Contamination of water with undesirable substances which make it unfit for usage is termed water Pollution. A number of substances including nutrients, bacteria, oxygen wastes, metals, and toxic substances, cause water pollution.
- 9. Point sources are direct discharges to a single point; examples include discharges from sewage, injection wells and some industrial sources. Non-point sources are diffused across a broad area and their contamination cannot be traced to a single discharge point. Examples include runoff of excess fertilizers, and insecticides from agricultural lands and residential areas; oil, and toxic chemicals from urban runoff and energy production; and sediment from improperly managed construction sites.
- 13. Sewage Industrial effluents Synthetic detergents Agrochemicals Oil Waste heat
- 14. Refers to waste water that is discarded from households. Also referred to as sanitary sewage, such water contains a wide variety of dissolved and suspended impurities. It is large by volume and contains impurities such as organic materials and plant nutrients that tend to rot. The main organic materials are food and vegetable waste, plant nutrient come from chemical soaps, washing powders, etc. Domestic sewage is also very likely to contain disease-causing microorganisms.
- 15. Waste water from manufacturing or chemical processes in industries Industrial waste water usually contains specific and readily identifiable chemical compounds. Mainly in the form of toxic wastes and organic pollutants. Chromium, mercury, lead, copper, cadmium etc
- 16. Added because of washing clothes, cleaning utensils. Oceans are polluted by oil on a daily basis from oil spills, routine shipping, run-offs and dumping. Oil spills make up about 12% of the oil that enters the ocean. The rest come from shipping travel, drains and dumping.
- 17. Routine applications of fertilizers and pesticides for agriculture and uncontrolled run off in water bodies. Adds Nitrogen and Phosphorus to water Causes Eutrophication and algal blooms.
- 18. Groundwater contamination occurs when man-made products such as gasoline, oil, road salts and chemicals get into the groundwater and cause it to become unsafe and unfit for human use. Presence of heavy metals in groundwater is found in 40 districts from 13 states,
- 19. Fluoride toxicity is a condition in which there are elevated levels of the fluoride ion in the body Excess exposure to fluoride can lead to a bone disease known as skeletal fluorosis
- 20. Stagnant water and other untreated water provide a habitat for the mosquito and a host of other parasites and insects that cause a large number of diseases especially in the tropical regions. Among these, malaria is undoubtedly the most widely distributed and causes most damage to human health.
- 21. Pesticides. The organophosphates and the carbonates present in pesticides affect and damage the nervous system and can cause cancer. Some of the pesticides contain carcinogens that exceed recommended levels. They contain chlorides that cause reproductive and endocrinal damage. Lead. Lead is hazardous to health as it accumulates in the body and affects the central nervous system. Children and pregnant women are most at risk. Petrochemicals. Benzene and other petrochemicals can cause cancer even at low exposure levels. Chlorinated solvents. These are linked to reproduction disorders and to some cancers. Other heavy metals. –Heavy metals cause damage to the nervous system and the kidney, and other metabolic disruptions.
- 22. Treatment of water before leaving in water bodies. Restoration of polluted water bodies. Ganga Action Plan River Water Monitoring
- 23. Marine Pollution is caused due to Sewage Sludge, Indutrial Effluents, Detergents, solid waste, plastic, etc. Sources : River- Bring pollutants from drainage basins Catchment Area- Human Settlements Oil Drilling & Shipment Effects : Fishes show mortality Oil disrupts the insulating capacity of feathers Due to loss of Buoyancy and subsequent drowning of Birds cause Deaths
- 24. Effluents should not be discharged Treatment before discharge Strict law enforcement- regarding drilling in Ecosensitive zones, dumping of toxic & Hazardous wastes Minimum developmental activities on shore CRZs: Coastal regulation Zones
- 25. •Definition : Presence of waste heat in the water which can cause undesirable changes in natural environment. •Causes: •Heat producing Industries •Power plants utilize only 1/3rd energy produced by fossil fuel rest is wasted as heat •Cold water is taken from water body for cooling ….used and left in the water body….back with increase of 10-15 Deg.
- 26. Oxygen penetration decreases, dissolved oxygen also reduces as the solubility is decreased Heat kills fishes and other aquatic life. Toxicity of pesticides & chemicals increase with increase in temperature Metabolic Activities increase at high temp. requiring more oxygen. Spawning is disturbed Fish migration is affected Composition of flora & fauna changes- Temp. tolerant spp. Start developing
- 27. Cooling ponds, cooling towers and spray ponds
- 28. The best way to prevent large-scale water pollution is to try and reduce its harmful effects. There are various small changes we can make to protect ourselves from a scary future where water is scarce. Save Water: Conserving water is our first aim. Water wastage is a major problem globally and we are only now waking up to the issue. Simply small changes you can make domestically will make a huge difference.
- 29. Better treatment of sewage: So treating waste products before disposing of it in a water body helps reduce water pollution on a large scale. Agriculture or other industries can reuse this wastewater by reducing its toxic contents. Use environmentally friendly products: By using soluble products that do not go on to become pollutants, we can reduce the amount of water pollution caused by a household.
- 30. THANK YOU
- 31. Classwork? What is Arsenic Poisoning? Minamata Disease? ITAI-ITAI?